Biographical

TUPPER, ALMON P., was born in Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., April 24, 1825 ; the third in a family of four children, and the only son of Norman and Mary (Horton) Tupper. Darius Tupper, his grandfather, was born in Connecticut, moved from that State and first settled in the town of Chartotte, Chittenden county, Vt., and in the winter of 1704-95 moved to the town of Middlebury, where he built a tavern at the intersection of the present turnpike-road with the "old road," leading from East Middlebury to Middlebury Village. This tavern was kept by him until his death, in 1828, at the age of seventy-four.
His children were Lyman, Elam Norman, Sally, Sylvia, Laura and Ruth. All but the latter were married and raised families. Norman Tupper, father of A. P., was born in Charlotte October 4, 1794; married Mary, daughter of Darius and Sarah (Harris) Horton. She was born May 29, 1797, in Mount Holly, Rutland county, Vt. He spent his youth at the tavern home of his father. He took naturally to learning and books and early in life became fitted for teaching, and taught the neighborhood district schools several winters, before and after his marriage. About the time of his marriage his father deeded him, from the south part of the original farm, about seventy acres, upon which a house had already been built, into which he moved and where all of his children were born. This house was located south of Beaver Brook, near the intersection of East Middlebury turnpike with the Salisbury road. This property he sold about the year 1828 and moved to East Middlebury, where he lived till 1863 or 1869, when he went to live with his son, Almon P., in the same village where he remained to the time of the death of his wife, which occurred August 14, 1868. He married for his second wife Adeline Lake. He died in East Middlebury February 22, 1880, aged eighty-six. His widow is still living in Wayne county, N. Y.
Norman Tupper had an inventive turn of mind and was a natural mechanic. He invented machinery for the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, the first that were used in this or any other country. He was also the inventor and constructor of the first circular saw-mill. He could procure no circular saw of sufficient diameter for his purpose in this country, but succeeded in procuring one from England twenty-eight inches in diameter. In order to enlarge it he conceived the idea of enlarging it by an "inserted tooth," which he constructed and ran successfully. This occurred in the year 1835. Mr. Tupper never took out a patent on any of his inventions, but the invention of the "inserted tooth," above named, figured very largely, years thereafter, in deciding the great patent suit of Spaulding vs. American Saw Company, tried in

Page 734 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

San Francisco. Mr. Tupper was a man of great industry, yet was never hurried. He was a Jackson Democrat, and a member of the Middlebury Congregational Church for many years.
The children of Norman and Mary Tupper were Mary, Naomi, Almon P. and Eliza. Mary, born September 29, 1819, married Israel F. Enos September 30, 1840, died May 20, 1858 -- children, Alonzo and Eliza; Naomi, born June 18, 1823, married Edwin B. Douglas September 19, 1848, a farmer living in Shoreham -- children, Norman B., Elizabeth, Charlotte, Laura, Marcia and Frank; Eliza, born January 16, 1827, died February 15, 1848.
Almon P. Tupper received his primary education in the district school of East Middlebury; prepared for entrance to college in the Middlebury Academy, but on account of poor health did not enter. Inheriting from his father a natural aptness for mechanics, he was employed in the jewelry shop of Bliss Marshall, at East Middlebury, and subsequently with Charles R. Turrill, at Middlebury. He afterwards carried on the business by himself at East Middlebury, Rochester, Vt., and at Keesville. N. Y., until the summer of 1847. The occupation proved successful, but too confining for his health. From 1847 to 1852 was engaged in the manufacture of wool-working machinery. During all the time in which he was employed in the jewelry and machine business he had carefully read and studied Kent and Blackstone and other elementary works of law, and he had frequently been called upon to manage cases before the justice of the peace. In the spring of 1853 he began the regular study of the law with Ozias Seymour, of Middlebury, one of the ablest lawyers in that portion of the State. He was admitted as a member of the Addison county bar in the year 1857, and has ever since been in the active practice of his profession. In 1874 he moved from East Middlebury to Middlebury, where he now resides. Mr. Tupper is a man of great strength of will and a tenacity of power quite surprising to those who have perhaps long known him as a sunny and genial gentleman of the most affable manners, and a serenity never ruffled, and who for the first time detect the hand of steel beneath the glove of velvet. He is a keen student of human nature, and in his judgment of character is rarely at fault. As a lawyer, while he has always had to regret the lack of a broad and deep early culture, his practice has been large and lucrative, and his familiarity with case law and precedents very remarkable. Always studious and untiring for a client's interest, shrewd and unwary in conflict, keen to perceive the weak points in his adversary's cause and to conceal the vulnerable places in his own, he has had a large measure of success, and enjoys a well-earned reputation as a trier of cases. As a counselor he is sagacious and trustworthy; as a business man, thorough, careful and efficient; as a citizen, clear, upright and honorable, ever watchful for public progress, deeply interested in all that promotes the common well-being and helps to make the community prosperous, active against social disorders, and solicitous for the public morals.
Mr. Tupper married, November 5, 1848, Mary P., daughter of Luke P. and Mary (Abram) Richardson. Mrs. T. was born in Boston April 6, 1819. An adopted daughter, Helen M., is the wife of the Rev. Charles Markland, of Manchester, N. H., and is pastor of a large Congregational Church in that place.

KNAPP, COL. LYMAN E., was born in Somerset, Windham county, Vt., November 5, 1837, and was the fifth in a family of nine children. Cyrus Knapp, his grandfather, was born at Taunton, Mass., December 8, 1769, and when a young man came and settled in Dover, Windham county, Vt. He married Thankful Stearns, who was born in Chesterfield, N. H., February 4, 1770. They had a family of eight children, of whom Hiram Knapp, father of the colonel, was the fifth. He was born in Dover February 7, 1803. He married Elvira, daughter of Jonas and ------ (Page) Stearns. The latter was born September 10, 1804, in Marlboro, Vt. Hiram Knapp was a farmer by occupation. He died at Stratton, Vt., September 18, 1859. His wife died in March, 1880.
Lyman E. Knapp, the subject of this sketch, lived until eighteen years of age at Stratton, and worked on his father's farm while attending the district school of the place. He prepared for college by a three years' attendance at Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt. He entered Mid-

Page 735 COL. LYMAN E. KNAPP. -- JOHN WOLCOTT STEWART.

dlebury College in 1858 and was graduated with honors in 1862. The week after his graduation he enlisted as a private, but was soon elected captain of Company I, Sixteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, a nine months' regiment; employed the major portion of that time on guard duty in the defense of Washington, but near the close of the period of enlistment engaged in the three days' battle of Gettysburg, and constituting a part of the Second Vermont Brigade, which rendered itself famous in repulsing the rebel charge under General Pickett on Cemetery Hill. He was wounded in this engagement, but remained on the field till the battle was ended, and was with the brigade in its pursuit of the enemy on the following day. Soon after this battle his regiment was mustered out and he was commissioned by the governor of Vermont to raise a company for the Seventeenth Vermont Volunteers. He raised Company F of that regiment in Windham county and went out as its captain. The regiment was assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, General A. E. Burnside commanding, in the Army of the Potomac. He was engaged in its thirteen battles, beginning with the battle of the Wilderness and ending with Lee's surrender, in two of which--viz., Pegram House and at the capture of Petersburgh -- was in command of his regiment. He was wounded in the battle of Spottsylvania Court-House and carried insensible from the field, having received a severe scalp wound from a rifle ball, but returned to his regiment the second day after. He was again wounded by a piece of shell at the assault before Petersburg, on the 2d of April, 1865; but recovering from this, and narrowly escaping as one of the five out of thirteen who remained uninjured by the explosion of a rebel bomb, he resumed command of his regiment and was at its head when the enemy's lines were finally broken, for which gallant and meritorious conduct he was breveted by President Lincoln. He was promoted to major of the regiment November 1, 1864, and to the lieutenant-colonelship December 10 of the same year. He was mustered out with his regiment July 14, 1865. Four others from his family the Green Mountain State sent to the defense of her country, one of whom, C. H. Pitman Knapp, died from wounds received in the battle of Lee's Mills, Va. On the first day of October, 1865, he became editor and publisher of the Middlebury Register, a position which he filled for thirteen years; but during this period of time he had taken up the study of law and was admitted as a member of the Addison county bar in 1876. In 1878 he drew out from the conduct of the paper, but retained his financial interest in the company until 1884. He was register of probate under Judge Samuel E. Cooke for several years, and was appointed to succeed that gentleman as judge of probate in 1879, since which time by successive elections he has continued to hold that office. He was first assistant clerk of the House of Representatives from 1872 to 1874, was chairman of the Republican County Committee for several years, and for the last sixteen years has served as trial justice of the peace in Middlebury and the county of Addison. He has been a member of the Congregational Churches at Stratton and Middlebury since he was fifteen years of age, and is now chairman of the prudential committee of the Middlebury Congregational Society. He has been for a number of years a member of the school board and treasurer of the Addison County Grammar School. These varied public positions and others which he has been called to fill abundantly attest the high estimation in which he is held by the citizens of his adopted place of residence. Colonel Lyman E. Knapp married Martha A., daughter of Ebenezer and Corcina (Jones) Severance, January 23, 1865, at Washington, D. C.

STEWART, JOHN WOLCOTT, of Middlebury, ex-governor of Vermont, and member of Congress from the First Congressional District of Vermont. Born in Middlebury, Vt., November 24, 1825.
The first ancestor of Governor Stewart's family on the paternal side whose record has been preserved, was Robert Stuart, of Edinburgh, Scotland. Samuel, son of Robert Stuart, emigrated first to Londonderry, Ireland, and secondly from thence with the historical Scotch-Irish colony which crossed the Atlantic and settled in Londonderry, N. H., in the early part of the eighteenth century. Samuel Stuart was the father of five sons and five daughters, of whom John was the eldest. Leaving Londonderry, he finally fixed his residence at Coleraine, Mass.,

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and died there. The orthography of patronymics was exceedingly uncertain in that era, as town and family records amply attest. For some unexplained reason the spelling of the family name was altered about the death of Samuel Stuart from Stuart to "Stewart," in which form it has been preserved to the present day.
John Stewart, familiarly known as Captain John, was born in Londonderry, N. H., in 1745. He was a man of marked characteristics, full of martial energy, and took an active part in the French and Revolutionary wars. At the early age of fifteen he first killed an Indian in a notable fight in the forest. Subsequently he became a member of the famous band of courageous frontiersmen, know as Rogers' Rangers. He accompanied the ill-fated expedition of General Montgomery against Quebec, and was in the immediate neighborhood of that gallant officer at the time of his death. After that he happened to be in Bennington paying his addresses to the lady who afterwards became his wife, at the epoch of the battle in that place, and led a company of patriot soldiers in that decisive conflict. In 1777 he married Huldah Hubbell, by whom he became the father of five children.
Ira Stewart, the second son of Captain John, was born July 15, 1779. He settled first in New Haven, Vt., and in 1810 removed to Middlebury, Vt., of which in following years he was one of the leading citizens. He entered immediately into the general mercantile business in association with his brother Noble. The latter died in 1814, and Ira conducted the business thence forward on individual account until his death in 1855. He served his fellow-citizens in both branches of the Legislature; was a member of Middlebury College corporation, and was actively interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of the village. On the 29th of October, 1814, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Wolcott Hubbell, of Lanesborough, Mass. Three children were born to them; one of these, a daughter, died in infancy; the others, who were sons, named Dugald and John Wolcott, survived. John W., son of Ira and Elizabeth (Stewart) Stewart, prepared for matriculation in the Middlebury Academy, entered Middlebury College, and graduated with honor from that institution in 1846. Adopting the legal profession, he began to qualify himself for practice by reading law in the office of Hon. Horatio Seymour in Vermont, and remained therein until January, 1850, when he was admitted to the bar of Addison County. Commencing practice at Middlebury he conducted it alone until 1854, when he formed a co-partnership with ex-United States Senator Phelps, and maintained the connection until the death of the latter, in 1855. His association with Senator Phelps proved to be very valuable in many respects.
Early in his professional career Mr. Stewart identified himself with the political affairs of his native State. Honors have been showered upon him thick and fast by his fellow-citizens, who in this way practically acknowledged his many sterling intellectual and moral qualifications, and particularly his patriotic public spirit. In the years 1852, '53, and '54 he held the office of State's attorney for Addison county. In 1856 he was elected to the Lower House of the Vermont Legislature as the representative of Middlebury, and served therein as chairman of the committee on railroads. The matters affecting the consolidation of Vermont Central Railroad interests came before his committee, and attracted much and close public attention in view of the importance of the questions involved. His services proved to be so acceptable to his constituents that he was again elected in the following year, and was also appointed to his former position on the railroad committee. During the year 1855 the State house at Montpelier was destroyed by fire and a strong movement was set on foot to make Burlington the capital of the State. This movement Mr. Stewart resisted. Although one of the members from the "west side" of Vermont, he was influentially active in the legislative debates on the question of removal, and favored the retention of Montpelier as the capital. His logic was weighty and powerful and largely instrumental in carrying the point in favor of the old location.
In 1861 Mr. Stewart was returned to the State Senate from Addison county, and served on the judiciary committee, of which United States Senator Edmunds was chairman. Elected to the Senate of 1862, Mr. Stewart again served on the judiciary committee, and as chairman of the committee on rules. In 1865 he was returned to the Lower House from Middlebury, and

Page 737 JOHN WOLCOTT STEWART. ---- JUDGE HENRY LANE.

served in the committees on joint rules and judiciary. In 1865, '66, and '67 he was a member of the House, and at each session was elected presiding officer of the body. As incumbent of the speaker's chair his rulings were received with great favor. The reputation for ability, faithfulness and impartiality then established, was such that on his election to the House, in 1876 , he received the singular compliment of unanimous election to the old post -- the speakership.
One of the changes in the organic law of the State effected by the Constitutional Convention of 1870 was that by which the sessions of the Legislature were made biennial, instead of annual, as before. Mr. Stewart was the first governor of Vermont elected under the new order of things, and filled the chief magistracy with great honor and acceptability from 1870 to 1872. His inaugural address was brief, business-like and statesmanly. Delivered nine years before the resumption of specie payments, it contained the following just and sagacious recommendation: "It is held by a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that the provisions of the legal tender act are not retroactive, and that debts contracted prior to its passage are payable in coin . . . . . . . I respectfully recommend to prompt recognition of the supreme judicial authority of the country, by an enactment authorizing our treasurer to pay in coin that portion of our debt falling within the decision referred to."
This decision was promptly acted upon by Vermont, to her great honor. Governor Stewart's recommendations in respect to public education, and also in reference to the jails of the State, exhibited keen foresight, and were adopted by the Legislature. Indeed, his whole career as governor was one of honor to himself and credit to the State.
Governor Stewart has not devoted his whole time to his profession. He was chosen a director of the Middlebury Bank in 1858, and for several years prior to 1881 served as president with great acceptance, and gave much evidence of his entire fitness for the position. In 1881 his other numerous engagements forced him to decline further reelection.
The re-distribution of seats in Congress, according to the population of each State, following the census of 1880, occasioned a loss to Vermont of one member. Governor Stewart was elected by the Republicans of the new First Congressional District to the Forty-eighth Congress, receiving 15,638 votes, against 6,009 for his opponent. His lengthened legislative service in both branches of the Vermont Legislature, his excellent gubernatorial administration, and his intimate knowledge of the needs of the State, justify the expectation that in his present wider sphere of personal influence and usefulness Governor Stewart will beneficently and ably represent the dignity and interest of his constituency and the State at large.
It has been written of Governor Stewart that "he is a typical Vermonter of the best quality. Like most noble and excellent men, he is most highly appreciated where he is best known. Middlebury certainly knows of no official honor that she would not bestow, nor of any official duty that she would not entrust, to her 'favorite son.' His position in the foremost rank of citizens and professional men is unchallenged. The State is honored by the nurture and services of such sons as he."
John Wolcott Stewart was married on the 21st of November, 1860, to Emma, daughter of Philip Battell, of Middlebury; she was born September 5, 1837. They have had five children, as follows: Emma Battell, born March 20, 1863, now living at home with her parents; Philip Battell Stewart, now in his senior year at Yale College; Robert Forsyth and Anna Jessica, born September 17, 1871 -- the former died in January, 1881; John Wolcott, born December 5, 1872 -- died in infancy.

LANE, JUDGE HENRY. James Lane, grandfather of Henry, born in 1769, came from Mansfield, Conn., and settled in Cornwall, Vt., in the year 1800 on the farm now owned and occupied by the judge. He died July 3, 1801. He left three sons -- Job, James and William. James Lane pursued his professional studies with Doctor Ford, of Cornwall, and practiced his profession many years in Ohio. He died there, leaving a family of three children. William Lane was an enterprising and successful farmer, a public-spirited and useful citizen ; but in the midst of his activity he lost his life in consequence of having his arm caught in a

Page 738 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

threshing machine. He died at the age of forty-eight, September 26, 1844. He left three children -- William, Charles D. and Gilbert Cook. Job Lane remained on the farm of his father. He married Sarah, daughter of Bebee and Elizabeth (Eells) Turrill, in 1812. She was born in Shoreham, Vt., April 3, 1792. Job Lane was a good farmer, was a firm supporter of secular and religious order, and a valuable citizen. He died at the age of seventy-two, November 19, 1850. His wife died August 15, 1854. Job and Sarah Lane had eight children, viz: James T., William H., Elizabeth, Joel, Henry, Rollin, Sarah and Mariette. James T. was born December 25, 1812, married Lucinda Landon Eells, widow of John Eels, December 3, 1840. She was born October 10, 1812. They had four children -- Truman J., Mariette, Joel T. and Gilbert H. William H. was born September 6, 1816; married September 8, 1841, Caroline, daughter of Major Orin and Maria (Alvord) Field. The latter was born September 3, 1822, in Cornwall. They have two children living -- William Henry and Estelle Maria. Elizabeth, born September 20, 1817; married, April 11, 1839, P. W. Collins. The latter was born September 27, 1810. Mrs. Collins died December 18, 1860. Their children were Joel P. and Sarah E. Joel P. died October 26, 1850. Sarah E. is the wife of C. J. Day, a merchant of Albion, N. Y. Joel Lane was born in -------; married Lucretia B. Ripley. He died June 28, 1847. His wife died September 20, 1848. They had one child, Lucretia, who died at the age of twenty. Rollin Lane was born May 3, 1828; married Lucia Brainard March 20, 1861; three children -- Charles R., Frank B. (drowned in Otter Creek September, 1884, at the age of nineteen), and Hattie S. Rollin Lane is a farmer, owning and living on the Notham Eells a farm in Cornwall. Sarah Lane was born in 1829 and died September 13, 1847. Mariette Lane was born June 22, 1832; is the wife of Joel Rice, a lawyer of New York city. Mrs. Rice is an artist of acknowledged ability. Mr. and Mrs. Rice have three children -- Charles, Etta May and Edward.
Judge Henry Lane was born in Cornwall February 14, 1824; has always lived on the place of his birth, coming into possession of the Lane homestead upon the death of his father. His education was received in the district school of Cornwall, with several terms of attendance at the Newton Academy in Shoreham. He taught the district school of his own neighborhood and Shoreham two winters. He married, February 7, 1849, Mary Antoinette, daughter of Captain Alanson and Mary (Parker) Peck. Mrs. Lane was born in Cornwall September 12, 1828. Her grandfather, Jacob Peck, with his wife, Elizabeth (Gibbs), moved from Farmington, Conn., in 1785, and settled on the farm, a portion of which is now owned and occupied by his son Alanson, in the south part, of Cornwall. They had eleven children -- five sons and six daughters, of whom Alanson Peck was the ninth child. He was born in Cornwall February 2, 1800. He married, February, 1822, Mary Parker. Their children were James Monroe, Charles C., Orlin A., Mary Antoinette, Martin M. and Henry T. All are married and have raised families.
Job Lane, father of the judge, was one of the early farmers of Addison county, who took especial pride in the breeding of sheep, and left a good flock to his son. The judge laid the foundation of his present flock of pure blooded Spanish Merino sheep in 1858, and his flock, No. 114 of the Vermont Flock Register, is one of the best of the numerous flocks of sheep which has made Addison county famous in this branch of industry. While sheep-breeding has been the leading business to which he has devoted his farm, Judge Lane has given especial attention to the raising of fruits, vegetable and garden seeds. He developed "Lane's imperial sugar beet," the seed for which has been in great demand for many years in the United States and other countries. While the judge has been eminently practical and successful as a farmer, he has always been a great reader of agricultural works, and has one of the most extensive agricultural and general private libraries to be found in the State.
From early life Judge Lane has taken an active interest in the political affairs of his town, county and State. He has held many of the town offices, and has been called upon probably oftener than any other man to preside over town meetings. Six years, including the period of the War of the Rebellion, he was selectman of the town of Cornwall. When the general gov-

Page 739 JUDGE HENRY LANE. -- HON. EDWARD S. DANA.

-ernment issued its order making the selectmen of towns legal enlisting officers, the town of Cornwall gave its selectmen discretionary power as to time of procuring enlistments, the number and the amount of bounties to be paid. After being thus authorized Mr. Lane enlisted thirty-five soldiers, and had credited to the town, previous to each and every call for volunteers to the general government, sufficient men to fill the quota and thus avoid a draft. In 1864 he was elected a member of the Legislature of the State, and was re-elected in 1865-66. In 1865 he was elected by the General Assembly one of the directors of the State prison, and in 1866-67 was re-elected to the same office. In 1869 was elected a member of the Thirteenth Council of Censors. The First Council of Censors was chosen by ballot, by the freemen of the State, on the last Wednesday of March, in the year 1780, and every seven years thereafter thirteen persons were chosen in the same manner and were to meet together the first Wednesday in June next ensuing their election. Their duties were to inquire whether the constitution had been preserved inviolate in every part, and whether the legislative and executive branches of government had performed their duties as guardians of the people, or assumed to themselves greater powers than they were entitled to by the constitution. They were also to inquire whether the public taxes had been justly laid and collected, with what manner the public money had been disposed of, and whether the laws had been duly executed in all parts of the Commonwealth; and for these purposes they had power to order impeachments. The Thirteenth Council of Censors recommended that the constitution of the State be so amended as to abolish Council of Censors, and provided thereafter that the constitution might be amended by the General Assembly in the year 1880 and every ten years thereafter, each proposal of amendment recommended by the General Assembly, before becoming a part of the constitution, to be referred to a direct vote of the freemen of the State. The convention ordered by the Thirteenth Council of Censors, which convened on the second Wednesday of June, 1870, adopted the amendment to the constitution abolishing the Council of Censors and adopted the new mode of amending the constitution. In 1880 he was appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate as a member of the Board of Agriculture, and has been re-appointed twice, having served six years. In 1884 he was elected judge of the Addison County Court.
Judge Lane was president of the Addison County Agricultural Society for two years, and has always taken an active part in all efforts to advance the farming interests of the State. He has been often called upon to deliver addresses at different agricultural meetings in Vermont and other States. He has been a member of the Cornwall Congregational Church since 1837, and was for nine years superintendent of its Sabbath-school, and has been one of the largest contributors to its support. Mrs. Lane has been a member of the same church since 1851. Faithful and conscientious in the discharge of every public trust, honorable in all business transactions, in his social life kindly, genial and hospitable, Judge Lane deservedly commands the respect and esteem of the entire community in which he has passed his whole life.
Judge and Mrs. Lane have had three sons -- Charles H., Francis P. and Arthur T. Charles H. was born January 14, 1853 ; married, December 13, 1876, Sarah, daughter of Horatio and Sarah (Dana) Sanford, Mrs. Lane was born in Cornwall March 29, 1857. They have three children -- Estelle D., born March 3, 1878; Jesse A., born July 21, 1880; Sanford H., born September 10, 1882. Charles H. lives near the homestead and assists his father in carrying on the farm. Francis P. died December 25, 1860. Arthur T. was born June 30, 1863 ; a tobacco broker, living in Chicago.

DANA, HON, EDWARD S. It is believed that every person by the name of Dana in the United States entitled to that name by birth, traces descent from Richard Dana, who came to Cambridge, Mass., from England in the year 1640. Tradition states that Richard's father emigrated from France to England in 1629, on account of religious persecution. We have it on good authority that the name in France was Dunois, and belonged to a noble family. Judge Bell states that in the southern part of New Hampshire there are families bearing the name who do so by authority of an act of the Legislature, changing their former

Page 740 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

name to Dana. Edward Summers, sixth generation from Richard, was the son of Austin and Susan (Gale) Dana. Austin was born at Amherst, Mass., May 31, 1795. While yet a child he came with his parents, Eleazer and Sarah (Cutter) Dana, to Weybridge, Vt., which was the home of Eleazer until his wife's death, which occurred about 1822. He then resided in Bridport, Vt., with his son Austin for eight years. They then removed to Cornwall on to the General Summers Gale farm, where Eleazer died November 10, 1838, and Austin July 23, 1870. Edward Summers Dana was born on April 27, 1834. He had two sisters: Sarah A. and Eliza M., the former older and the latter younger than himself, who both reside in Cornwall, Vt. At an early age he showed a great fondness for books and study. He received an academic education. His first course was at Newton Academy, Shoreham, Vt.; at the age of thirteen he was two terms at Williston, and three terms was under the instruction of uncle Jacob Spaulding at Bakersfield. He taught school there the winter before he was sixteen, and in Bridport the following winter. Here he took a severe cold which resulted in pneumonia, which obliged him to abandon the idea of a collegiate course, for which he was preparing. This was the disappointment of his life. He remained on the farm with his father until 1861, with the exception of one term at Fort Edward Institute. He was a page in the House of Representatives in 1853; Colonel C. H. Joyce, afterward member of Congress, was page at the same time. He was assistant clerk of the House in 1855, '60 and '61. In the spring of 1861 he went to Washington as a clerk in the Pension Office. He was examiner of pensions for some years, and in 1866 was appointed assistant clerk of the United States House of Representatives, where he remained until 1871. The death of his father called him home, where, with the exception of the following winter which he spent in Washington, he remained on the farm until 1877. He then removed to New Haven and purchased the home of his wife's parents. He married Mary Howe, daughter of deacon Calvin and Mary (Henry) Squier, on September 11, 1861. They had two sons: Charles Summers, born September 13, 1862, and who now resides on the farm; and Marvin Hill, born March 2, 1867, and who is now a senior in Middlebury College. While in Wasington Mr. Dana devoted much of his time and labor to improving the condition of soldiers, securing comforts for the sick and wounded, obtaining passes for friends to visit there; etc., and performing a large amount of work for acquaintances in Vermont and elsewhere. At the second inauguration of President Lincoln, Mr. Dana was chosen one of the two marshals from Vermont to act as escort on the line of march. He was a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1874, and State senator in 1880, serving on the Committee on Railroads, State Prisons, and proposed Amendments to the Constitution. When a member of the House he was chairman of the General Committee, and worked faithfully to secure the removal of the Reform School to Vergennes, and was the originator of and introduced the bill to provide a department for girls in that institution. Mr. Dana was a man of excellent clerical ability, and from his large experience in parliamentary affairs and natural adaptation, a superior presiding officer in public meetings. From boyhood he had been prominent in the political affairs of the State. He was one of the four delegates from this county to the first Republican State Convention held in Vermont. He was chairman of the Republican District Committee for four years; president of the Republican County Convention in 1878; was a delegate in many State, District, and County Conventions. He was chairman of the Committee on Resolutions in the State Convention in 1876. The last convention which he attended as a delegate was the District Convention at Burlington in 1882. Better if Vermont had more men of equal intelligence and probity, who would serve her with the same public spirit and unselfishness. Any scheme for the advancement of education in the town or State received his careful consideration, and, if deemed worthy, his hearty support. Broad and liberal in his views, he strove for that which he believed to be for the public good, and once committed to a line of action, its accomplishment became with him a duty. Conscientious and particular in the smallest matters, no work was entrusted to him that did not receive his careful attention. Sympathetic and generous, his charities and advice have benefited many, and his friends were always sure of his assistance in their behalf. Literary in his tastes, his well-stocked library was to him a com-

Page 741 HON. EDWARD S. DANA -- RUFUS HAZARD.

panion; well-read in all the important literature of the day, his knowledge of men and events, his rare social qualities and fine conversational powers, together with his ability and experience, made him the center of every circle in which he was thrown. He took a deep interest in local matters, both educational and town. He was for four years selectman in Cornwall, Vt., and in New Haven was auditor, town clerk, and president of the Board of Trustees of Beeman Academy, at the time of his death. Mr. Dana was a leading member of the Masonic Fraternity; he was initiated October 6, 1856; he has been honored with the highest offices in the gift of Lodge, Chapter, and Commandery; he was a member of the Grand Lodge of the United States, and chairman on the Committee of Foreign Correspondence for several years.
In September, 1883, Mr. Dana received a fall which either occasioned or developed internal trouble, which reduced him to extreme feebleness for ten months. During the seasons following he was much improved in outward appearance and bodily vigor; was occupied with various literary works, as had been his custom for many years, formerly writing poetry as well as prose. His writings for the press, while in Washington, were instructive and historical. His strength failed alarmingly during the winter of 1885-86, but he courageously hoped that there might be yet many days of life for him; yet he was not deceived, but was ready to meet the messenger who had so often waited, seemingly determined that he should depart with him. That he so calmly waited his coming, is proof that his trust was in God and was well-founded. He was able to use his pen until the morning of February 22; while so doing, his right side was suddenly paralyzed, and although unable to speak, he retained his consciousness until the evening of the 24th, when he suddenly passed away. At all times during his extreme suffering his mind was clear and comprehensive on all subjects; his patience tireless, his sunshine cheering, and his hopefulness contagious.

HAZARD, RUFUS. The origin of names is various; many are taken from trades or professions; many are mere nicknames. Probably the best are from places where families resided, and where they possessed property. It seems that the Hassards, or Hazards, took theirs from the places in which they first settled in England. The manor of Haroldesore, in the parish of Ingleborne, in the county of Devon, is in old deeds called the manor of Hardiswardshore, otherwise Hardwardshore, otherwise Hasworth, otherwise Hazard, in Lyons, Magna, Britannia, Devonshire. The family of Hassard, Hazard, or Hassart, is of Norman extraction, and is of considerable antiquity. At the time of the Conquest they were living on the borders of Switzerland, and distinguished by the ancient but long extinct title of the Duke De Charante. Two bearing this title visited the Holy Land as crusaders. The family emigrated to England in the twelfth century, and thence branched out in Wales and Ireland. In the latter country they took an active part in the sieges -- of Enniskillen and Londonderry. From the Hazards of Ireland were derived the Rhode Island stock of Hazards, from which is descended the subject of this sketch. The first of the name to settle in Rhode Island was Thomas Hassard, or Hazard, who came directly from England or Wales about the year 1639, settled near Acquidneck, and was one of the committee of three to lay out the town of Newport. His descendants became in time extensive land owners in the State.
Robert Hazard, the grandfather of Rufus, of whom we are writing, was one of the three brothers, the other two being Thomas, who went to New York city, where he now has prominent descendants, and Rowland, who died in Poughkeepsie, after accumulating a handsome property there, who were born in Rhode Island and went away to seek their fortunes. He came to Ferrisburgh, Vt., about the year 1800, and soon after purchased the mill property at North Ferrisburgh, Vt., and but for an unfortunate turn of affairs, for which he was in no way responsible, he would undoubtedly have achieved more than a competence. He died at North Ferrisburgh about 1836, aged more than eighty years. He was remarkable for his good sense, thorough honesty, and an unfortunate faith in the honesty of all others. He was well read, and especially excellent in the abundance of his historical information. His wife, Sarah Fish, who came with him from Rhode Island, survived him a year or two. She had the name of being

Page 742 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

one of the best housekeepers in the neighborhood. The family have, from time immemorial, connected themselves with the Society of Friends; and the descendants have not in this regard departed from the traditions of their ancestors.
Thomas Hazard, father of Rufus, was the eldest of nine children, and was born at South Kingston, R. I., about 1780. In 1804, or 1805, he married Lydia, a daughter of Wing Rogers, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., by whom he had a family of five children. Lydia Hazard died in the fall of 1836. Her husband died in November, 1840. Their children were born as follows: Robert, on the 5th of January, 1806; Rufus, June 15, 1808; Seneca, July 6, 1810; Mary, June 23, 1815; and Dennis, May, 17, 1819.
Rufus, Seneca, and Dennis are the only ones of the children who are now living; the first two in Ferrisburgh, Vt., and the last in Charlotte, Vt.
Rufus Hazard was given such an education as he could obtain from the district school of his native town, and advanced farther in most of his studies than the average pupil, by reason of his studious habits and keen mathematical turn of mind. He remained under his father's roof until he was about twenty-two years of age. His father, not being a good manager, had permitted a heavy mortgage to settle upon the homestead, which the three sons, Robert, Rufus, and Seneca, deemed it important to remove. They accordingly, in 1835, seven years after its foreclosure, and after effecting laborious but profitable improvements in stocking and managing the property, succeeded in redeeming it from the mortgage, though the first year after they undertook it they were obliged to borrow money to pay the interest which had accumulated on the loan. In 1840 Rufus Hazard erected a good, substantial house and buildings on the place, and subjected the farm to other improvements, and remained there until 1867, in the spring of which year, owing to his wife's failing health, he sold the entire property to Isaac Mosher and Benjamin F. Field, and removed to the house in which he now resides, and which was originally built by Robert B. Hazard, his uncle. Since coming to this part of the town, and for some time before, the principal business of his life has been the settlement of estates of descendants. Among the estates which he has thus settled were the mill property of George Hagan, about 1860; the estate of Joel Batty; and the estates of David Hazard, Thurston Chase, and Joseph Rogers.
In politics Mr. Hazard was originally a Whig, and left that party only upon its dissolution and the organization of the Republican party, of which he is now a member. He has held a number of the town offices, but has preferred the life of a quiet citizen to the more ambitious and stirring career of an habitual office-seeker. So far back as 1847 and 1848 he was one of the selectmen of the town.
As has been stated, the Hazards have been active members of the Society of Friends from an immemorial past, and in former years Rufus Hazard was one of the main pillars of the society in Ferrisburgh, Vt., relinquishing his active connection at last with it only upon the urgent demands for rest made by his failing health.
He has been married twice; first, on the 12th of June, 1835, to Sarah Allen, of Greenfield, Saratoga county, N. Y., whose religious preferences accorded perfectly with her husband's. She died on the 6th of May, 1868. Mr. Hazard was married again on the 17th of May, 1869, to Ruth, a daughter of Dr. William Carey, an eminent physician of Saratoga county, and a minister in the Society of Friends. She was brought up in the same quarterly meeting as his first wife. Mr. Hazard has no children of his own, but he adopted and cared for a niece of his first wife, now Esther, wife of Thomas R. Nooan, of Addison, Vt. She left his house for that of her husband on the 14th of February, 1860.

STEVENS, HERRICK. The subject of this sketch was born in Westport, N. Y., on the 18th day of October, 1820, and in his infancy was brought to Vergennes by his father, Thomas Stevens, who, during the eight or ten years previous to his death, was proprietor of the hotel now known as the Grand Union Hotel, but then called the American House. He died on the 6th day of July, 1835, aged forty-six years. During his boyhood Herrick Stevens at-

Page 743 HERRICK STEVENS. -- CYRUS WASHBURN WICKER.

tended to the various duties incidental to that period of a young man's life. At the age of twenty years he entered the employment of his elder brothers, C. C. T. and C. O. Stevens, who were the proprietors of the Stevens House at Vergennes, from 1840 to 1853 without intermission. In 1853 he formed the partnership with J. P. Willard, and went to Chicago as the senior member of the firm of Stevens & Willard, proprietors of the Matteson House in that city. There he remained about five and one-half years, when he closed out his affairs in Chicago and returned to Vergennes, Vt. It is impossible for a man with great force of character to eat the bread of idleness contentedly, and Mr. Stevens immediately devoted his energies to the improvement of the city of his adoption. In 1868 he procured an interest in the Water Power Company, and has since retained the ownership -- building and improving the manufacturing property.
Previous to the disintegration of the old Whig party, Mr. Stevens was an active member thereof, and upon the formation of the Republican party he united with it, and has always been an uncompromising advocate of its principles down to the present time. His religious preference is Congregational, to the church of which denomination he and his family are regular attendants and contributors.
On the 15th day of August, 1855, Herrick Stevens married Electa J., a daughter of Hosea Willard, of Vergennes, Vt. They have four children: Mary E., wife of C. L. Hammond, of Chicago; Helen D., Jennie B., and Herrika M. Stevens -- the last three of whom are now living with their parents.

WICKER, CYRUS WASHBURN, son of Lemuel and Sally (Haskell) Wicker, was born in Hardwick, Mass., on the 12th day of August, 1814, and was brought by his parents to Orwell, Vt, when he was two years of age. His grandfather, William Wicker, came with them and with them settled on the shore of Lake Champlain, just south of Mount Independence, farming in early life, until partially disabled by an injury to his hip, after which he pursued the calling of a shoemaker. His extraction was a mixture of English and Scotch. He died April, 1813, aged eighty-four years -- having survived his wife but a short time. It is probable that he was a native of Hardwick. He was the father of six sons and four daughters. Lemuel Wicker was born in Hardwick in 1783, and was therefore thirty-three years of age when he accompanied his father to Orwell, Vt. He was a farmer and blacksmith. The mother of the subject of this sketch was the second wife of Lemuel Wicker, and was the daughter of George Haskell, a farmer of Hardwick, who died on the 25th of May, 1837, aged seventy-six years, just two months and eight days after the death of his wife, Comfort, who was about the same age as he. Lemuel Wicker, the fourth child of six boys and four girls, died in Orwell, Vt., on the 20th day of July, 1825, leaving his wife, who followed him on the 22d day of July, 1831, aged forty-one.
Cyrus W. Wicker was the eldest of the five children of Lemuel Wicker. He had three sisters -- Mary, Abigail, and Eliza, of whom the last named was the widow of the late Colonel Clark Callender, of Shoreham, Vt. He also has one brother, Charles, who is now living in New Haven, Vt. He also has one half-brother, who was the son of his mother by her second husband, George H. Rowley, who is now a resident of Essex county, N. Y.
The early life of Mr. Wicker was more eventful than that of most boys in New England. He received a common school education in Orwell, Vt.; but after the death of his father, when he was but eleven years of age, he was compelled by circumstances to take care of himself. His mother hired him out to work on a farm in the vicinity, in which occupation he remained about two years. He then passed two summers on the Champlain Canal, then but recently opened, and was in that brief period promoted from the towpath to the helm. About 1829 he went to Cornwall, Vt., to live with his uncle, Benjamin F. Haskell, a prominent merchant of that town. Here he remained until 1835, dividing his time between the studies of the school-room, where he completed his education, and the duties of his position as clerk in his uncle's store, where he received a very good business education. Immediately upon his obtaining his majority he

Page 744 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

went to his native town in Massachusetts on a visit, after which he repaired to the home of another uncle, Bela B. Haskell (who at the present writing is still living), at Waldoboro, Maine. Mr. Wicker came to Ferrisburgh, Vt., in March, 1836, in pursuance of the advice of a friend of his uncle at Cornwall, Vt., and in the following May, in company with said uncle, opened a store on the hill just east of the bridge, at North Ferrisburgh, Vt., as a branch of the store at Cornwall. In a few years he severed his connection with his uncle and built a store opposite the grist-mill, which he occupied continuously until 1849 (excepting a short time after 1844), when he sold out to a Union Mercantile Company, which soon afterwards gladly sold back to him. From about 1840 to 1843 he was a member of the firm of Sholes, Wicker & Co., his partners being Orrin Sholes and his brother Charles H. Wicker. In 1849 Mr. Wicker removed his business to the west side of the river into the same building now occupied by Joseph L. St. Peters. Here be continued his trade until the spring of 1877, when he sold out to the present occupant of the building, who had for the eight preceding years been in his employment as a clerk. Thus Mr. Wicker achieved more than ordinary success; beginning his business in a very small way, which gradually increased from year to year. Mr. Wicker first occupied his present dwelling house in 1838. It was erected by Rowland T. Robinson, and afterwards occupied by John Van Vliet and others.
Mr. Wicker's political opinions have never been of that dubious character which cannot be named, or which are not known; but he has rather been outspoken in his views at all times. Before the last war he was an uncompromising antislavery man, and a member of the Free Soil party, and since the organization of the Republican party has ever been identified with it in interest.
The confidence of his townsmen in his ability and honesty is attested by the fact that at different times they have bestowed upon him nearly all of the offices within their gift. He represented Ferrisburgh, Vt., in the Legislature in 1857 and 1858; has been for many years trustee of the United States Deposit Fund for support of public schools, and among still other offices has held the position of justice of the peace for nearly forty years. Among the county offices which have fallen to his lot are the positions of county commissioner, which he held for several years, and of assistant judge of the County Court, which he held in 1881 and 1882.
His religious preference is Congregational, and he has been a member of that denomination nearly all of his lifetime. There is no church of this creed in this part of the town, however, and therefore, when a Wesleyan Methodist Church yeas organized here a number of years ago, he allied himself with it for a time.
On the 10th of October, 1838, Mr. Wicker married Maria D. Halladay, a daughter of Theodore and Delight Halladay, of Shoreham, Vt. They subsequently moved to Middlebury, where he died March 30, 1857, aged seventy-four years, and his wife August 20, 1853, aged sixty-nine years. Mrs. Wicker was the seventh of eleven children (six sons and five daughters), and was born on the 28th day of July, 1817. Her grandfather was Azariah Halladay, the first of the family to come to Vermont; was born in Hartford, Conn., and died in Shoreham, Vt., on the 11th day of February, 1831, in the eightieth year of his age. Mr. and Mrs. Wicker have had a family of three sons, viz.: Henry C. (now traffic manager of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad at Chicago -- he is forty seven years of age); Cassius Milton (commissioner of the Chicago Freight Bureau, composed of merchants, manufacturers, and Board of Trade, in Chicago -- forty-two years old); and Lemuel Theodore, who was born in 1850, and died when but three years of age. Besides the two sons who have reflected great credit upon their parents by their unusual success, Mr. and Mrs. Wicker have a parent's interest in Charles S. Lavake, a nephew, who came from Ohio to live with them in 1862, when he was fourteen years of age, and remained with them until February, 1869 ; he was one of the founders of the house of Sullivan, Drew & Co., in New York city, but is now a member of the firm of James G. Johnson &. Co., wholesale milliners in New York city.

Page 745 NATHAN SMITH BENNETT.

BENNETT, NATHAN SMITH. Among the early settlers in the town of New Haven, Vt., was Daniel N. Bennett, who was a brother of John N., first town clerk of Bridport, Vt., who came from Connecticut with his family. He secured a farm in that town, and his son, Benjamin G. Bennett, on the 27th of November, 1805, married Lucy Smith, daughter of Nathan, born October 4, 1784, and granddaughter of Samuel, the Addison county pioneer.1
In the year 1814 Benjamin G. Bennett removed to the town of Bridport, where he continued his occupation as a farmer until his death in 1869, aged eighty-five years. His life was a quiet one (he assisted at the battle of Plattsburgh, N. Y., September, 1814), but its duties were so well performed that he gained the unqualified good-will and respect of all his townsmen. The children of Benjamin G. Bennett were: Candace, born November, 1807, who married George Murray, of Addison, and second, Nahor Wheelock, of Bridport, and is now a widow and with her daughter at Middlebury, Vt.; the second child was the subject of this sketch; the third was Hila, born June, 1815, who married Daniel Lewis, of Potsdam, N. Y.; the fourth was David A., born November, 1819, who is now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio.
Nathan S. Bennett was born in New Haven, Addison County, Vt., on the 5th of December, 1812, and was, consequently, two years old when his father removed to Bridport. His father first occupied land now owned by Hiram Barton, and at a later date built the house where O. S. Gibbs now lives. Nathan S. was given such educational advantages as were then accessible to the farmers' sons of this locality. He attended the district schools and select schools a portion of each year until he was nineteen years old, and by his naturally studious habits acquired a fair English education. At the age of nineteen he started out in the world for himself, and began as a clerk in the store of his uncle, Allen Sinith, in Addison. After a short period there he took a similar position in the store of J. S. Strong in Bridport, on the site of Ira D. Fletcher's present store. After two years of faithful service here he made a trip to the West of about eight months, working more or less as a clerk during his absence. Returning to Bridport he engaged in the store of Joseph Frost, at West Bridport, on the lake shore. He remained in Mr. Frost's employ one year or more, which was followed by a period of similar service for A. A. Buck, in Bridport, for one year.
This brings Mr. Bennett's career down to the year 1840, when he was twenty-eight years old. He had, during his labor in these various stores, acquired a knowledge of mercantile business. He now began business on his own account, beginning in a store on the corner opposite the present brick store of his son in Bridport. He was successful from the outset, and might have followed that business through his active life had his health permitted; but his physical strength gave way, and after ten years of active trade he sold out, and followed farming thereafter on a limited scale. This comprises the events in the private business life of Mr. Bennett -- a career in which, whatever may have been the financial result, he won nothing but the universal good-will and esteem of those with whom he came in contact. This fact is clearly demonstrated by the fact that his townsmen have honored him with most of the offices in their gift. The minor positions in the town were nearly all filled by him many years ago, and in 1850 he was elected justice of the peace, which office he holds to this day. He was made town clerk in 1860, and still fills that responsible post; his books being models of neatness and his penmanship as clear and firm as if written when he was twenty, instead of seventy-three years of age. He represented the town in the Legislature in 1853-54, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1870. In all of these public offices he has shown unwavering devotion to the right, and discharged their duties with fidelity and ability.
In April, 1840, Mr. Bennett was married to Polly E., daughter of Benjamin Miner, jr., of Bridport. Benjamin Miner, sr., was a captain in the War of the Revolution. After its close he became one of the earliest settlers in Bridport, corning here in the spring of 1786. He located on the land now owned by E. Ladd Miner. Seven years later he removed to near South Mountain, where Charles E. Crane now resides, and there died at the age of nearly ninety-three.

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1For a further account of the Smith family, see biography of Sheldon Smith, in these pages.

Page 746 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

He was born at Stonington, Conn., moving here from New Jersey with his children, who were Benjamin, jr., William, James, Joseph, and Clement; only the last named was born in this town. Benjamin Miner, jr., was born August, 1767 ; began on the farm, and after built the house now occupied by E. L. Miner, in 1791, and became one of the foremost men of the town; was elected to the Legislature in the first quarter of the century; was a member of one or more of the Constitutional Conventions; was selectman many years and held many other positions of responsibility; and in all of the relations of life is remembered and universally spoken of as one of the worthiest men of the town. He died in 1851, aged eighty-four years. He was married to Folly Hemenway, of Shrewsbury, Mass., February, 1793; she died in 1858, aged eighty-six years. Their children were Anna, who became the wife of Paris Fletcher, one of the foremost citizens of Bridport (she died in 1854) ; Champlin (died in 1823) ; Betsey (married Joseph Hayward, of Weybridge; died in 1848) ; Uriah, a farmer (died in this town in 1848); Daniel, long a merchant in company with Paris Fletcher (died in the West Indies in 1839); Frederick, a farmer (died in this town in 1872); and Folly E., the wife of N. S. Bennett, born in 1815.
The children of Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have been Lucy M., born September, 1841, died in her seventh year; Jennie M., born April, 1850, died in the eleventh year of her age; D. Herman, born May 18, 1853, now the leading merchant of Bridport; has held various town offices and is now town treasurer; was postmaster since the administration of President Hayes until 1885, and otherwise has received evidence of the confidence of the community. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett now enjoy the quiet of their pleasant home and the good-will of all.

WALKER, RUSSELL. The father of the subject of this sketch was also named Russell, and was born on the 9th of April, 1771. His youth was spent among the Shakers at New Lebanon, N. Y., whence he came to Shoreham, Addison county, Vt., in 1794. On the 10th of September, 1795, he was married at his new home, and was engaged in farming on the place which is now owned by Orrin Cooper. In the year 1800 or 1801 he settled in the town of Bridport, Vt., on the farm which is now owned by Selden Walker. In 1806 he exchanged his farm for real estate in the town of Schroon, N. Y., where he remained for ten years. In 1816 he returned and settled on what is now the home of his son, Russell Walker. At that time only six acres of the land were improved. A log house stood on the place, which the family occupied till 1820, when the farmhouse on the lake shore, southwest of the present dwelling, was built. In 1834 he became an inmate of the family of his eldest son, Simon Zelotes (a sketch of whose life follows this), on the place now the home of G. R. Walker. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters, as follows: Simon Z., Lovisa (died September 22, 1875), Russell (the-subject of this sketch), Almira (married Richard B. Bloomfield and died on October 14, 1878, in Bridport, Vt.). The elder Russell was a man of prominence in the community; he held the office of justice of the peace for many years, and united early with the Congregational Church. In the War of 1812 he took a conspicuous part, and commanded a company of militia from Schroon, which shared in the battle of Plattsburgh. He died on the 8th of September, 1863. His widow survived him until April 1, 1864.
Russell Walker, jr., was born in Bridport, Vt., on the 30th of October, 1805, and is a son of Russell and Anna (Chellis) Walker. His educational advantages were limited to the common schools and one term at the academy at Middlebury, Vt.; but he made the most of these advantages, and secured such an education as fitted him for teaching, which he followed in the winter of 1826-27, in the " Wicker district," in Bridport. In the spring of 1827 he entered the employ of Mathew Chambers as a clerk, and about a year later he accepted a similar position in the store of B. F. Haskell, in West Cornwall; remaining here a short time, he accepted a. similar position in Ticonderoga, N. Y., where he remained for about a year and a half. In the spring of the year 1830 he began mercantile business in Whiting, Vt., and six months later he returned to Bridport. On the 3d of November, 1830, he was married to Charlotte M., a daughter of Benjamin Skiff, one of the pioneers of Bridport. She was born in Bridport on July 15, 1811. Soon after his marriage Mr. Walker formed the firm of Strong & Walker, and began

Page 747 RUSSELL WALKER. -- SIMON ZELOTES WALKER.

business in the store now occupied by I. D. Fletcher, in Bridport. Here they carried on a successful business for two years, when, on account of failing health, Mr. Walker closed out and returned to his farm, joining his brother, Simon Z., in working it. At the end of the year Mr. Walker purchased his brother's interest, and has since given his entire attention to farming. He is now the owner of one hundred and seventy acres, which constitute one of the best farms in the county. The old home dwelling was destroyed by fire on the 19th of April, 1857. The present handsome dwelling was built the same year. Mr. and Mrs. Walker were the parents of two daughters, the eldest of whom died in infancy, and the second, Latetia A., lives at home, caring for her parents in their declining years. Mrs. Walker died suddenly on the 28th of February, 1880. She was an estimable woman, and was beloved by all who knew her.
Mr. Walker's excellent natural qualifications and his good business judgment have been fully recognized by his townsmen. He held the office of justice of the peace for many years prior to 1860; was selectman for several terms up to 1862, when he declined further election. He was sent to the Legislature in 1862-63, and took an active part in sustaining the measures for carrying on the war. He has been a lifelong member of the Methodist Church, and is guided in all things by the strictest rules of integrity and the promptings of charity.

WALKER, SIMON ZELOTES, was born in Shoreham, Addison county, Vt., November 3. 1796, and was the eldest son of Russell and Anna (Chellis) Walker. Anna Chellis was a daughter of one of the Revolutionary soldiers, who served honorably as a quartermaster from the Battle of Bunker Hill until the end of the struggle. The ancestor of the subject of this sketch has been noticed properly in the preceding sketch of Russell Walker.
Simon Zelotes Walker received his education in the common schools of Bridport and Schroon, which was amplified by extended reading and study in later years. While still a boy and living in Schroon he served as drummer in the company commanded by his father (before mentioned), and was present at the battle of Plattsburgh. Down to about 1830 he occupied the home place and was successfully engaged in farming; he then purchased what is now the home of his son, G. R. Walker. On the 19th of April, 1840, he was married to Elvira S. Allen, and they had one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Walker died September 8, 1841. Mr. Walker was again married January 15, 1843, to Lucinda A. Allen, a sister of his former wife and daughter of Ebenezer Allen, one of the pioneers of Bridport, who settled and cleared the farm where he lived and died; it is still owned by his descendants. Ebenezer Allen married a daughter of Philip and Submit Stone, and they had a family of five daughters, three of whom are living: Mrs. Walker; Caroline, living in Bridport; and Fidelia C., wife of Lyman. Southard, living in Charles City, Ia.1 Mr. Allen was a prominent citizen of the town, held various local offices, and as justice of the peace was noted for his integrity and the fairness and justice of his decisions. He was always active in all good works -- the building up of churches, and benevolent objects generally; he was also a prominent and active Freemason. He died December 17, 1875, at the age of eighty-seven years.
Simon Z. Walker, after his marriage and settlement on the place now occupied by his son, became a successful farmer and stock-grower, and became prominent in the breeding of Saxony sheep. He was a man of sterling character, and sound principles and judgment. Recognizing his valuable traits, his townsmen honored him with numerous positions of trust and responsibility, which were filled in an efficient and honorable manner. He was elected justice of the peace early in life and held the office until his death; was selectman several terms, and in 1849-50 served his constituents in the State Legislature. He was a believer in and supporter of Christianity, and labored for its advancement. In the Masonic order he was also prominent, and by his general worth and high standard of living won a large number of sincere friends.
Mr. and Mrs. Walker were parents of three sons. Albert A. was born May 26, 1849; he grew to manhood, and during the War of the Rebellion enlisted in Company D, Fourteenth.

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1 Mrs. Allen died December, 1853, and Mr. Allen was married the second time to Mrs. Truman Grandey, who died in 1884.

Page 747 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

Vermont Volunteers; in the Battle of Gettysburgh he was wounded on the night of July 3, while assisting a wounded comrade from the field, and died on the following day, July 4, 1863. G. R.. Walker is the next son, born August 12, 1847. He was educated in the common schools and academies, and has made farming his only occupation; he has never married. He was selectman from 1874 to 1877 inclusive, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1884. S. Z., born January 8, 1850, is a farmer by occupation, and occupies a place adjoining the home farm of his father; married August 19, 1873, to Addie C. Russell, and they have one daughter and one son; Walter Z., born April 23, 1880, and Lettie A., born July 26, 1874. G. R. and S. Z. Walker own jointly the two farms occupied by each.

SMITH, M. D., M.D. This family of Smith is of French origin. The emigrant from France to this country was the sixth generation removed from the doctor. Amos Smith, son of the emigrant, lived in Cheshire, Mass. He raised a family of nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom Henry Smith was the eldest child. He was born on October 6, 1769, in Cheshire, Mass. He married, on February 7, 1790, Anna Blanchard, of Cheshire, Mass. She was born on November 13, 1770. In the same year of his marriage he moved from Cheshire and settled in Addison township, Addison county, Vt., on the place now owned and occupied by his son, Truman T. Smith. He filled the offices of justice of the peace for many years, and also held other town offices. He represented his town in the Legislature of the State in 1833 and 1834. He was a prominent anti-slavery man, when it cost something to be one. He was, for all the years he was a leading resident of the town, a leading member of the Addison Baptist Church. He died in April, 1849. His wife died in March, 1850. Their children were: Henry Smith, jr. (born on July 31, 1790, and died on April 17, 1793); Harty (born on October 17, 1792, wife of Dyer Westcott; lived in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vt., thence removed to Canton, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., and died at Malone, N. Y., leaving a family of children); Amos (born on December 17, 1794; married Barbara Westcott on March 30, 1819). The latter was a daughter of Stukely and Lydia Westcott, and was born on August 27, 1797. The children of Amos and Barbara were: Cordelia C. (born on June 6, 1821, wife of Alfred Collins, both of whom are now deceased); Alden A. (born on March 21, 1823, married Kate Thompson, of New York city; he was an architect in that city, and died in Addison in 1865; his wife and two children survive him); Stukely W. (born on February 19, 1836; married Maria O., daughter of Wilda and Aurilla (Squire) Dorwin). She was born in Hopkinton, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., on September 27, 1825. Stukely W. Smith was born on the old homestead, which is now owned by Truman T. Smith. He has lived on the place where he now resides since he was three years of age. This place was formerly owned by Eli Squire, grandfather of Mrs. Smith. Stukely W. Smith is a prominent farmer in the town of Addison, Vt.; has filled the important offices of the town, and was its representative to the Legislature of the State in the years 1858 and 1859. The children of Stukely W. and Maria O. Smith were: Melvin D. (subject of this sketch), Hermon H. (born on December 5, 1854, died on Tannary 24, 1833), Sarah B. (born on October 15, 1866, now resides at home). Amos Smith died on November 27, 1874, and his wife, Barbara, died on March 29, 1877. Amos and his father, Henry, were at the battle of Plattsburgh, and received a land warrant as soldiers of the War of 1812. Justus (born on December 13, 1796, married Anna Rogers, and by her had a family of nine children; he died in 1876, and his wife survived him but a few years); Polly (born May 20, 1800, wife of Warham Brown, who was a farmer of Panton Vt., both of whom died, leaving a large family of children); Truman T. (born on May 15, 1803, married Urana Rogers on December 25, 1828; by her has had a family of eight children, six of whom are now living and married; his wife died on March 26, 1885; Truman T. now owns and occupies the old homestead where he was born).
Dr. M. D. Smith was born in the town of Addison, Vt., on April 27, 1848. He was educated in the common schools and also in the select ones of the county, under the tutoring of L. F. Benton, principal of the Vergennes and Bristol schools. His taste for scientific reading was

Page 749 M. D. SMITH. M. D. -- HON. LUCIUS E. SMITH.

early developed. At the age of seventeen years he engaged in the study of medicine, and in 1868 he associated himself with Dr. James C. Jackson, of Dansville, N. Y., where he remained for one year and then entered the Eclectic Medical College, of Pennsylvania; and from here he graduated in the spring of 1871. He at once associated himself with Dr. A. B. Woodard, of Tunkhannock, Wyoming county, Pa., where he practiced his profession for two years, when he was called to his native town to take charge of the practice of his old friend and family physician Dr. Hinds, who was in failing health. He remained in Addison, Vt., for nearly seven years, when, feeling the desire for more clinical instruction, he gave up his practice and went to New York, matriculated in the Eclectic Medical College there, and availed himself of the privilege of the Bellevue Hospital lectures, receiving the degree of M. D. from the E. M. C. in the spring of 1880. He then opened an office in West Cornwall, Vt., where he remained but a few months, after which he went to Chicago, Ill., to resume his study in Hannemann Medical College of that city, from which college he received the degree in 1884. The same year he located in Middlebury, Vt., and has practiced his profession in that and surrounding towns since.
Dr. Smith was married on April 27, 1868, to Nellie F., daughter of William and Martha (Murray) Hanks. Mrs. Smith was born in Addison, Vt., on December 18, 1849. Her parents are now living in Addison, Vt. Their children are: Kate L., Carlton M., Nellie F., Murray B., Belle M., Jesse F., and Martha W. Levi Hanks, Mrs. Smith's grandfather, was one of the early settlers of Addison, and was a captain in the War of 1812.
Dr. and Mrs. Smith have had one child born to them-Hermon E. (born on July 21, 1877).

SMITH, HON. LUCIUS E., was a son of Luman B. and Lucia (Collins) Smith, of Monkton, Vt. He was born at that place on the 5th of October, 1824, and was the second of five children, of whom the others were Hon. A. T. Smith, of Vergennes; Daniel C., of Addison; Jerome B., of Burlington; and Mrs. B. F. Sutton, of Middlebury, Vt. The subject of this sketch had exceptional educational advantages, and made good use of them. He entered and was graduated from Juliet College, a Catholic institution at Moscow, Canada, where many priests have been and are now educated. He became a fine French scholar, and to the last kept up his acquaintance with the language through books and newspapers. He was also well informed in general literature and on current topics of popular interest. After his graduation from the college he speculated for a number of years in cattle, sheep, wool, butter, and general produce, having his headquarters in Monkton, Vt. He always owned considerable property in Monkton, and left at the time of his death five hundred acres of land.
His father, Luman B. Smith, was born just west of Monkton Pond, in 1798, on the farm formerly owned by his (Luman's) father, Daniel Smith, an early settler who attained prominence in the town and represented it in the Legislature a number of years. Daniel Smith died on the 2d of April, 1813, of the epidemic then raging throughout the country. Luman B. Smith died on the 5th of October, 1874. His wife, Lucia, a daughter of Daniel Collins, died on the 19th of September, 1870, aged sixty-eight years.
The subject of this sketch came on to the farm which is now occupied by his widow, in 1873, it being the farm owned by her father, Miles B. Bates, who died on the place on the 29th of September, 1878, aged seventy-six years, after having occupied the place for forty years. He was also the son of an early settler, Jehiel Bates.
Before the formation of the Republican party Lucius E. Smith acted in harmony with the Old Whig party of illustrious memory, and upon its dissolution united with the Republican party. He was formed by nature for the activities of life, and was the foremost man of his town and one of the foremost in the county. In 1858, 1859, 1861, 1862, and 1880, he was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1866 and 1867 he was a member of the State Senate, and was always serving on important committees and discharging his various duties with fidelity and intelligence. On the 11th of March, 1865, he was appointed by President Lincoln commissary of subsistence of volunteers, with the rank of captain, and on the 7th of May,1870, he was made the consular agent of the United States at St. Johns, P. Q., where he

Page 750 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

remained for about a year. In his own town he was frequently a member of State, county and district conventions, and his familiar form and fine presence at these gatherings will long be pleasantly remembered. He was often selected as a grand juror to the County Court, and was almost invariably chosen foreman by the judges, which duty he discharged with his usual discretion and tact. He was town treasurer for the twenty-six years preceding his death.
In religion Mr. Smith was from choice a Roman Catholic, and carried out the principles of that faith with unfailing consistency from the first. On the 27th of January, 1853, he was joined in marriage with Elvira, daughter of Miles B. Bates, of Monkton, Vt., who survives him. Two children were the result of this marriage, Wyllys E. Smith, who was born on the 27th of January, 1854, and Fannie E., now the wife of J. E. Buttolph, of Middlebury, born on the 21st of May, 1860. Lucius. E. Smith died on the 4th of January, 1886, of paralysis of the heart. Outwardly he was the picture of health. Mr. Smith had long suffered with heart disease, and so confident was he that his life was soon to end as it did, that for more than a year previous to his death he had arranged all of his affairs in preparation for his departure. He was suddenly stricken down in the village post-office.

HASH, GEN. WILLIAM, is a descendant in the sixth generation from Thomas Nash, who with his wife and five children emigrated from Lancashire, England, in the ship Hector, which landed at Boston July 26, 1637. He was by occupation a gunsmith. He died in New Haven, Conn., May 12, 1658. The youngest of his five children, Timothy Nash, was born in England, or at Leyden, in Holland, in 1626; married Rebekah Stone in 1657; in 1660 moved to Hartford, Conn., and thence a few years thereafter to Hadley, Mass., which town he represented in the General Court of Massachusetts in 1690, '91, and '95. He died March 13, 1699, aged seventy-three years. His wife, Rebekah, died in March or April, 1709. They left twelve children, of whom John Nash, known as Lieutenant John, was the sixth. He was born in Hadley August 21, 1667, and spent his life in that town; was a blacksmith by trade and an extensive land holder. He married, March 29, 1689, Hannah Porter, who died May 26 of the same year. He married, November 27, 1691, Elizabeth Kellogg. John Nash was much employed in town business; was representative to the General Court of Massachusetts for the town of Hadley seven sessions, from 1707 to 1731. He died October 7, 1743, his wife July 4, 1750. Of their eleven children Samuel was the ninth, born in Hadley January 29, 1709; married Margaret Merrill January 24, 1734. Samuel Nash settled as a blacksmith first at Farmington, Conn.; but he eventually settled in Goshen, Conn., where he spent the remainder of his days and died at an advanced age. He also filled many of the town offices; was justice of the peace twenty-six years, and was a representative in the Legislature from 1757 to 1775. There is no record of the death of his first wife, the mother of all of his children; but it is known he married (2) a Widow Dickinson, great-grandmother to Senator Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York. Of his eleven children, William was the fifth. He was born in Farmington, Conn., February, 1743; married Susan Phelps, of Simsbury, Conn. He resided in Goshen until after the death of his father, when he removed and settled in New Haven, Vt. He died in New Haven August 2, 1821. His wife died April 19, 1819.
William and Susan Nash had ten children, two sons and eight daughters. The sons were David P. and William, jr.
William Nash, jr., or General William Nash, as he afterward became known, was born in Norfolk, Conn., August 2, 1788, and came with his father and settled in New Haven when he was twelve years of age. His brother, David P., had already settled in that town in the year 1796. General William became associated with his brother in commercial life. In his business relations he was successful, and soon became known as a man of great sagacity and unquestioned integrity. Never having enjoyed superior advantages to acquire an extensive education, he nevertheless embraced those within his reach. His mind was naturally acute and inquisitive. In all matters vital to the happiness of his adopted town or county he took a deep and absorbing interest. Nor did he confine himself to this comparatively small field. He was an

Page 751 GEN. WILLIAM NASH. -- JULIUS PRESTON DOUGLAS.

intelligent observer of all matters which affected the prosperity of State and nation, and his influence was always found on the side of justice and humanity. He was frequently honored, by his townsmen, to many of its most important offices, the duties of which he faithfully discharged. He represented the town in the Legislature during the sessions of 1825, '26, '36, and '49, and was State senator from the county in 1846-47. He was delegate to the National Whig Convention in 1852, that nominated General Scott for the presidency. He was active in securing in 1832 a charter for the bank at Middlebury, and upon its organization was elected director and president, which position he held for fourteen years, the term of its charter. Upon the re-chartering of the bank he was again elected president, but resigned, choosing to act as one of its directors only, which place he held until the failure of his health, when he resigned, and the vacancy was filled by the election of his son, William Phelps Nash, esq. General Nash was for more than twenty years a member of the corporation of Middlebury College, to the funds of which he was liberal in his contributions. For many years he was vice-president of the Vermont State Bible Society, and contributed liberally to its support. He also gave largely to the funds of the Home and Foreign Missions. He was an active and influential member of the county and State temperance societies, and aided materially in the formation of that public sentiment which resulted in the passage of the prohibitory law of the State, and to the very last was an earnest supporter of the law and a firm advocate of its rigid enforcement. With all the excellent qualities which characterized his life, the religious phase of it was its unquestioned crowning glory. The general was an active member of the New Haven Congregational Church for more than forty years. Free from ostentation and show, he labored to show forth to the world the power of true Christianity, in a well-regulated life and conversation. He was always ready to respond to the wants of the needy and destitute. Food for the hungry and clothes for the naked were his unostentatious gifts to many who remained in ignorance of the source from whence the needed help had come. His quiet, unobtrusive manner and gentle demeanor always won to him the hearts of the young and caused a genial influence to surround him in the presence of his peers in age and experience. General Nash married, September 25, 1788, Mary P. Wright, of Weybridge, Vt. He died at his residence in New Haven December 15, 1871. His wife died April 27, 1880. They had a family of ten sons: William Phelps, born November 6, 1817, owns and occupies the homestead; Charles Dennis, born April 19, 1819, banker and treasurer of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wis.; Fordyce Theron, born July 9, 1820, died July 18, 1869; Edwin Wallace, born February 27, 1823, died May 14, 1828; James Jewett, born April 27, 1824, died May 17, 1846; Jonathan, born July 31, 1821, a graduate of Middlebury College, merchant in Janesville, Wis.; Joseph R., born. April 16, 1826, died April 9, 1878; Wallace, born June 24, 1828, died May, 1876; Noah Preserved, born July 21, 1830, a farmer in Wisconsin; Dorastus Wright, born April 17,1833, farmer in New Haven.

DOUGLAS, JULIUS PRESTON. Among the pioneers of Addison county was the family of James Marsh Douglas, who came from Cornwall, Conn., to the town of Cornwall, Addison county, in 1784, where James Marsh Douglas died in 1790. His son, Benajeh Douglas, was born in Cornwall, Conn., August 5, 1780; was a successful farmer and hotel keeper in Cornwall, Vt., for many years. He was much interested in militia affairs in the early days. His first wife was Salome Scott, by whom he had two children, one daughter and one son. His second wife was Betsey Preston. To that union were born two daughters and six sons; one daughter and four sons survive, of whom one is the subject of this sketch. The latter are all well known and respected citizens of Addison county. Benajeh Douglas died in 1828.
Julius Preston Douglas was born in Cornwall, Addison county, Vt., June 12, 1815. His boyhood did not differ materially from that of most boys of that period -- it was a period of labor alternating with attendance at the primitive schools of the day. Born and bred on a farm in the most fertile districts of Addison county, within the town of Cornwall; he owes to

Page 752 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

that wholesome and industrious country life the habits and the character which are at the bottom of so many successes in the world. On reaching manhood, January 3, 1843, Mr. Douglas married Etnily H. Williamson, daughter of Abraham Williamson, an early settler in Cornwall. In the following spring he purchased the Widow Wright farm in Middlebury, thus making his settlement in life most happily complete. His original purchase consisted of seventy-five acres; he is now the owner of two hundred and twenty-five acres, forming a more than comfortable estate in well chosen lands, with a modern and substantial family residence and numerous and convenient farm buildings, all of which has been acquired by his own thrift and energy. A successful farmer and stock-raiser, in addition to which he owns and manages a hay-press in Middlebury village, and has for many years been an extensive dealer and shipper of hay and straw.
Mr. and Mrs. Douglas are the parents of one daughter and two sons. The former, Della F., was the wife of Horace B. Stoddard, of Dumerston, Vt.; she died July 6, 1882. J. Barclay Douglas and Julius Preston Douglas, jr., are still on the home place. Their oldest son, J. B. Douglas, was married February 12, 1873, to Mary B. Germond, who died November 23, 1881, leaving four children -- two daughters and two sons. Julius P. Douglas, jr., was united in marriage to Miss Laura Vancor March 26, 1884.
Mr. Douglas never sought public position. His life has been eminently a practical and successful one, and he is still one of the most active and energetic men in the community.

JEWETT, E. R. Willow Lawn is in some respects the handsomest estate in Buffalo. It lies on Main Street, near the railroad over which the Belt Line trains conveniently run at short intervals. Its grounds stretch back through acres of farm land to the City Park. The finest half-mile avenue in the city limits for pleasure driving sweeps down past the place and merges into the park roads. The house, lacking the pretensions of many a more modern and expensive city residence, is large, roomy, and has an unmistakable air of comfort and convenience. The long path that leads up to it from the street crosses a lawn well set with trees and shrubs. The chief pride of the lawn, however, the cherished object which has given the estate its pleasant name, is a willow tree. Its great trunk, six feet in diameter and nineteen in circumference, divides, a dozen feet or so above the ground, into many huge branches. A simple seat encircles the tree. It is probably the largest tree in Buffalo; nor do we know of any so large within many miles of Buffalo. It is not the only large willow at Willow Lawn, but it dwarfs its companions. Who planted it is not known. The legend lives that around the tree the Senecas used to gather. Beyond that its history must be supplied by the imagination.
Willow Lawn is the home of Mr. Elam R. Jewett. He was a pioneer of the printing and publishing business in Buffalo; has for almost half a century been one of Buffalo's leading citizens; and there is none to-day more truly alive to the city's progress and welfare than he.
Elam R. Jewett was a Green Mountain boy. He was born at New Haven, Vt., December 10, 1810. About the time that Horace Greeley (born in New Hampshire when Elam R. Jewett was two months old, in Vermont) first stood up to the printer's case at East Poultney, Vt., to set type for the Northern Spectator, young Jewett left his native town and went to learn the same trade in the office of the National Standard, at Middlebury. Each was to win an eminent rank in a noble calling, at different ends of the Empire State. After a term of two months' attendance at the Montpelier Academy he became one of the publishers of the Vermont State Journal, Mr. C. L. Knapp -- afterward member of Congress and editor of the Lowell Citizen -- being his associate. Shortly afterward they assumed the publication of the Middlebury Free Press, and carried on both papers. They were both anti-Masonic, that question being then prominent in the politics of the country.
In 1838 Mr. Jewett made a trip to Ohio, where he contemplated engaging in business; but changing his plans he went to Buffalo, where in the fall of 1838, with Dr. Daniel Lee, he bought the Journal. Buffalo had then about 10,000 inhabitants.
Election was coming on, and there were two Whig papers struggling for a living. It was

Page 753 E. R. JEWETT.

suggested to Mr. Jewett that consolidation, if possible, would be a wise policy. Acting under this advice, the Journal, in May, 1839, was merged in the Commercial Advertiser.
The consolidated paper was called the Commercial Advertiser and Journal, in order to protect the legality of unexpired advertisements for awhile, and then the Journal was dropped and the Commercial Advertiser used only. The publishers were E. R. Jewett & Co., Dr. Thomas M. Foote being the Company.
Under this management the paper prospered. In 1847 a midshipman named Pollocki, angered at an article which had appeared, walked into the office and fired a pistol at Mr. Jewett. The buckshot lodged in a leather wallet, full of papers, in Mr. Jewett's pocket, and did no harm. Pollock subsequently lodged in prison.
The succeeding years brought many business changes. In 1850 Mr. Jewett assumed the management of the Albany State Register and had charge of it for two years, meantime continuing his business in Buffalo, which had grown into large proportions in the job and stationery lines. S. H. Lathrop was added to the firm in 1850. A relief line engraving business was built up, the work done by the company winning a high reputation. Mr. Jewett disposed of the engraving department of his business to H. Chandler & Co., from whom it passed to Messrs. William P. Northrup & Co., and thence to Messrs. Matthews, Northrup & Co.
In 1856 Messrs. Jewett and Foote went to Europe with President Fillmore, between whom and Mr. Jewett a warm personal friendship had existed from the time of Mr. Jewett's settlement in Buffalo. Circumstances preventing Messrs. Fillmore and Foote from going to the Holy Land, as was contemplated, Mr. Jewett joined a party of Americans bound thither and traveled through Palestine. At Cannes, in France, the summer residence of Lord Brougham, President Fillmore and companions were invited to the chateau of the English statesman and cordially welcomed. At Rome they were given an audience by his holiness Pope Pius IX.
In 1857, soon after Mr. Jewett's return, the panic carried down his former partners, Messrs. Jewett and Foote, the largest creditors, bought the business of the concern from the assignee, thus once more becoming publishers of the Commercial Advertiser. In 1862 the establishment was sold to Messrs. Wheeler, Warren, & Candee.
In a paper read before the Buffalo Historical Society November 23, 1863, by C. F. S. Thomas, on "Reminiscences of the Press of Buffalo from 1835 to 1863," he says: "The first small job printing press was introduced in 1845 by Jewett, Thomas, & Co., who also established the first stereotype foundry in this city in 1846 or 1847." Continuing, Mr. Thomas said: "It was in the summer or fall of 1836, I believe, that the Buffalo Journal was first published as a daily, Messrs. Haskins & Day still continuing as editors. The journal, after continuing a rather unprofitable existence for several years, passed about 1839 into the hands of Mr. E. R. Jewett, with whom was associated Dr. Lee and Mr. Clarke as editors, and in the same year it was united with the Commercial Advertiser, and Dr. Foote and Mr. Jewett continued as proprietors."
In an interesting paper on reminiscences of thirty-eight years of newspaper life, read by Mr. George J. Bryan January 29, 1876, he says: "As a publisher Mr. Jewett was eminently successful. He possesses decided executive ability and rare business talent. May he live to enjoy his hard-earned competence!" A number of young men who at one time and another were in Mr. Jewett's employ have risen to marked eminence in their calling. Mr. Jewett takes a just pride in speaking of the accomplishments of "his boys," as he calls them. Among these " boys " were the late Wilbur F. Storey, of the Chicago Times; S. P. Rounds, late government printer at Washington; and others in the publishing business or newspaper profession, among them the proprietor of The Bufalo Express. The late T. S. Hawks, of this city, was still another of Mr. Jewett's "boys"; as were Quartus Graves, afterward a publisher; S. Verrinder, a Baptist minister; Elias Dougherty, who became an Ohio publisher, and others.
After a few years, during which he engaged successfully in the envelope and stationery business, Mr. Jewett bought the Chapin farm, now a part of Willow Lawn, and retired from active business pursuits to the comparative quiet of suburban life. He took up farming with

Page 754 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

enthusiasm. He added to his original purchase until he had 470 acres. When the park was laid out 200 acres of his farm were taken under the right of eminent domain; but the remainder is found ample for successful scientific farming.
Here he lives in pleasant retirement, though his retirement is by no means withdrawal froth friends or public affairs. Many relatives east and west find Willow Lawn a delightful " halfway house," and a host of friends have learned its hospitality. Mr. Jewett was married in 1838 to Miss Caroline Wheeler, like him a native of New Haven, Vt. Though no living children bless their advanced years, they are spared to each other and the community, and are untiring in good deeds.
Mr. Jewett has never cared for participation in politics. The office of supervisor for the twelfth ward was once forced upon him and, though somewhat against his will, he accepted the election, and in his faithful discharge of duties was a rebuke to the sort of men who seek and gain office only to neglect its obligations.
In a worthier cause, however, Mr. Jewett's name is illustrious. A devout and sincere Episcopalian, he has long been a generous source of practical aid to the Church. About two years and a half ago he gave to the Church Home a very valuable tract of five acres of land adjoining the park and lying on the beautiful avenue he had made, and which is properly named Jewett Avenue. The gift was on condition that within three years there be guaranteed at least $10,000 for the erection of a chapel thereon as a memorial to the late beloved Edward Ingersoll, D. D. Mr. Jewett had long seen the need of an Episcopal house of worship in this growing part of the City. In fact. for many months past he has caused public services to be held at his house on Sundays. It is gratifying to learn that Mr. Jewett's magnificent offer to the Church Home has been availed of, and that a suitable chapel is to stand amid these lovely surroundings, a monument alike to the saint whose name it is to bear and to the devoted generosity of Elam R. Jewett.

GRAY, OZRO P. Ozro Preston Gray was born in Bridport, Addison County, Vt., on September 18, 1806. Of the ancestors the following is known: His grandfather, Deacon Lamond Gray, was a descendant of Scotch ancestors who in 1612 settled in the North of Ireland, near Londonderry. In 1718 the family of which John Gray was the head, with some forty other families, emigrated through Boston to Worcester, Mass. In 1743 the family settled in Pelham, Mass., where Lamond Gray was born in 1753, the son of Daniel Gray. He was a well-educated man and taught school for a time in that vicinity. May 26, 1778, he was married to Mrs. Isabel Conkey Hamilton, widow of Lieutenant Robert Hamilton, by whom he had two children, Robert and Isabel; the latter afterward became the wife of Captain Jeremiah Lee, of Bridport, Vt., in 1795. After his marriage with Mrs. Hamilton Mr. Gray remained in Pelham about ten years, when, in company with his father, and brother Jeremiah, he came to Bridport and purchased two tracts of land of one hundred acres each. One of these tracts is about a mile south of the village, the other hundred acres included the farm where Prosper Lee lived and died. After the close of the Shay rebellion, Daniel and Jeremiah Gray returned to Pelham, leaving Lamond on their clearing. They subsequently transferred to him their title to the two tracts. Lamond Gray thus became one of the early settlers of Bridport, and there remained until 1812, when he died. He was elected clerk of the town in 1790 and held the position for many years; he was also a deacon in the Congregational Church and was a useful and respected citizen. His children were Joel and Mary. Daniel graduated from Middlebury College in 1805, and soon afterward married Susannah Rice, by whom he had one child, the subject of this sketch. Ozro P. Gray received the education afforded by the public schools, which was supplemented by careful study and reading in later years. When he was eighteen ears of age he began a three years' apprenticeship with Thomas Atwood, a tanner of the town of Shoreham; he finished his trade and worked for Mr. Atwood as a journeyman about four years. In the year 1832 he went to Crown Point and engaged in the same business on his own account, at what is

Page 755 OZRO P. GRAY. -- WYMAN HENRY MERRITT

known as "The Centre." On the second of January, 1833, he was married to Mary Nelson, a daughter of William and Charlotte (Bailey) Nelson, some of the pioneers of Crown Point; she was born on the fourteenth of August, 1809, at Crown Point.
Mr. Gray became a leading citizen of Crown Point, and carried on a successful business there as a tanner and currier; he also held the office of poormaster for many years. In 1865 he disposed of his business and removed to Bridport, Vt., where he purchased a tract of land on which he lived until his death on the 5th of May, 1882. He had by his life of integrity, liberality in the support of all worthy public objects, his sound judgment and high order of intelligence gained the esteem of the entire community; his widow still survives. They were the parents, by adoption, of one daughter, Edna Gray, now the wife of Henry C. Rice, of Port Henry, N. Y.

MERRITT, WYMAN HENRY. -- The surname Merritt is derived from the ancient Saxon manor and parish of Meriet, in Somersetshire, England. The family trace their pedigree in direct line back to Eadnoth the Statter, a high officer under Kings Edward, Harold, and William the Conqueror. The line, as taken from a carefully prepared genealogical record, is as follows: 1. Eadnoth the Statter; 2. Harding Fitz Eadnoth; 3. Nicholas Fitz Harding; 4. Henry Fitz Nicholas; 5. Nicholas De Meriet; 6. Hugh De Meriet; 7. Nicholas De Meriet; 8. John De Meriet; 9. Sir John De Meriet; 10. William De Meriet; 11. Simon De Meriet; 12. Sir John Meriet; 13. John Meriet. From the latter, through several generations, embracing a period of 230 years, descended Henry Merritt, born in County of Kent, England, about 1590, the first ancestor of the family who came to this country. He came before 1628, and with others, called " men of Kent", founded the town of Scituate, Plymouth county, Mass., where he became a large landed proprietor, and died November, 1652. His descendants in direct line were as follows: 2. John Merritt, born about 1625, died in Scituate after the year 1670; 3. John Merritt, born in 1660, died June 4, 1740; 4. Jonathan Merritt, born in 1792 and died in Hebron, Conn., October 21, 1758 ; 5. Noah Merritt., born in Scituate in 1730 and died March 24, 1814, in Templeton, Worcester county, Mass. He had thirteen children, of whom (6.) Noah Merritt was the eldest; born October, 1758, and died August 21, 1843, in Sudbury, Rutland county, Vt. He served six years in the Revolutionary War, and was personally acquainted with Washington. He was a man of high character and great intellectual and physical force. He married Eunice Metcalf and moved to Brandon, Vt., about 1785. Of his seven children (7.) Noadiah Merritt was the eldest child; born in Templeton, December 23, 1782, and died in Pierpont, N. Y., January 1, 1854; married, first, Uranie Goodrich November 26, 1807; children, Polly, Lucy M., Esther A., Henry H., Nabby, Roxie and Achsah B. He married, second, Relief Parker November 25, 1821. Children, Noadiah Parker, Emily Uranie, Julia Ellen, Darwin Hamilton, Edwin Atkins, Julius Fernando, William Wallace, Marshall Josephus and John Harvey. Of the children by the last marriage General Edwin A. Merritt was quartermaster general under Governor Reuben E. Fenton; was collector of the port of New York under President Hayes; naval officer of the port of New York under President Grant; also surveyor of the port, and was appointed by President Garfield consul-general to Great Britain. Is now living in Potsdam, N. Y. William W. Merritt is a Universalist minister, living in Red Oak, Ia. John Merritt is presiding elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Colorado, and Darwin Merritt is a farmer, living in Pierpont, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Henry Harrison Merritt, the only son of Noadiah and Uranie (Goodrich) Merritt, the eighth generation removed from Henry Merritt above named, was born in Sudbury, Vt., October 26, 1812. He was educated in the district school of his native town, in the West Rutland Academy and Brandon Seminary; was a teacher in the towns of Brandon, Sudbury and Orwell about ten years. Married, on March 5, 1843, Melissa D. Wheeler, who was born in Sudbury December, 29, 1813, daughter of Henry T. and Catharine (Russell) Wheeler. Mr. Merritt lived in Sudbury until April, 1862, when he removed to Brandon, where for eight years he carried on a farm for N. T. Sprague, his principal business being the raising of Spanish Merino sheep. In 1879 he quit farming and

Page 756 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

moved to the village of Brandon, where he has since resided. Before commencing his occupation as a farmer he was for ten years engaged in selling patent medicines in Canada and the States, and from 1851 to 1854 was superintendent of the North River Mining and QuarryingCompany. Before the war Mr. Merritt represented his town of Sudbury in the years 1848,1849 and 1853, as a Democrat. He filled also many of the town offices. He was successively captain, major and lieutenant-colonel of State militia. The children of Henry H. and Melissa D. Merritt were Wyman Henry, subject of this sketch, Kate Bell, born February 21, 1850, wife of Dr. J. C. Walton, of Fall River, Mass.; Charles H., born September 23, 1848, died January 23, 1848; Clifton A. E., born August 10, 1854, cashier in the Metropolitan Hotel, New York city.
Wyman Henry Merritt was born in the town of Sudbury, Rutland county, Vt., December 11, 1843. He received his education in the district school of his native town, two years in a private school taught by Frank Bingham in West Rutland, and two years' attendance at the Troy Conference Academy. In 1862 he volunteered as a private in the Twelfth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, Asa P. Blunt, colonel, and served one year, being mustered out at the end of his term of enlistment. While in the service he contracted sciatic rheumatism. In 1865 he became clerk in the Brandon House for two years, afterwards at the American, at Burlington,at the Weldon, at St. Albans, then at the Memphremagog, at Newport, Vt. In the spring of 1869 he became the manager of the Lake Dunmore House, at Lake Dunmore, Salisbury, Vt., for J. W. Dyer & Co., until 1872. The next season he was steward for Foster E. Swift, in the Wilson House, North Adams, Mass., and the Greylock Hall, Williamstown, Mass. In the fall of 1873 became the manager at the Stevens House, Vergennes, Vt. In the spring of 1874 became the proprietor of the Unitoga Springs House, Newport, N. H. In the year following was proprietor of the Brandon House, and the next year of the Nonquitt House, at Nonquitt Beach, near New Bedford, Mass.
On the 30th of October, 1876, upon his return from a visit to the Centennial, to Brandon, he received a severe stroke of paralysis, whereby he was deprived of all use of limbs and speech, and all memory was gone. He was obliged to re-learn even the alphabet. He was confined to the bed for about a year, his recovery being very slow, and, indeed, has never recovered the use of his right arm or full use of his right leg. The rheumatism contracted in the army followed him, at intervals, up to the time of receiving the paralytic stroke, but has not troubled him since. Two weeks after the stroke typhoid fever set in and for weeks his life was despaired of. At the end of two years he was able to go to New York city for treatment, under the care of the celebrated Dr. Lewis A. Sayre. He became so far recovered that he was able to take an appointment in the naval office under Colonel Alvin Burt, but was soon transferred to the custom house as clerk in the eighth division, and placed in charge of the sugar sample department, which position he occupied until June, 1885. This position was secured for him by his uncle, General E. H. Merritt, then collector of the port. Upon his return to Vermont he became proprietor of the Lake Dunmore house, which position he now holds.
Mr. Merritt married, June 5, 1886, Mrs. Florence Steele. Mrs. Merritt has a daughter by a former marriage-Teney Steels.

BEACH, ALLEN PENFIELD, was born in the town of Ferrisburgh, Vt., on the 27th day of November, 1813. His grandfather, Nehemiah Beach, was one of three Beach brothers living near Bridgeport, Conn., where he died in 1792, aged forty-five years. He left a family of six children, three sons and three daughters. Stephen, the eldest, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Stephen Beach was born near Bridgeport, Conn., in 1777, and upon his father's death learned the weaver's trade. Although he completed his apprenticeship, he did not long pursue the business, but gave his attention to farming. Early in the nineteenth century he came to Ferrisburgh. In 1802 he was married to Ann, a daughter of James Penfield, of Fairfield, Conn., which place was burned by the British. She was born in 1773. The newly-married couple came at once to Vermont and settled in Monkton. After a residence of about three years

Page 757 ALLEN PENFIELD BEACH. -- FRANKLIN D. BARTON.

they removed to West Ferrisburgh, and purchased the farm which is now owned and occupied by Allen P. Beach. Stephen Beach was a Republican, and was made justice of the peace, which position he held for a number of years. He was an ardent member of the Methodist Church. He was the father of nine children, all but Sally, the eldest, who is now dead, having been born in Ferrisburgh. The others were Ira, now living near Cleveland, O.; Ethan and Eden, twins, who died in infancy; Burr, now a resident of Ferrisburgh; Levi, of Kansas; Stephen, and Allen P., of Ferrisburgh; and Mary Ann, the deceased wife of Putnam Allen, of Ferrisburgh, Vt. Mr. Allen Beach's mother was a descendant of one of three Penfield brothers, Peter, James, and John, who came from England very early in the history of this country, and settled in Fairfield, Conn. She was a distant relation of Aaron Burr. Allen P. Beach added to his first purchase 200 acres, making in all 450 acres of hard land, and fifty of marsh. The farm is well stocked with cattle and sheep (registered). Mr. Beach was formerly a Jackson Democrat. Since the last war he has voted the Republican ticket. He has ever avoided office, but has served as selectman, justice of the peace, and as a member of the grand jury, etc., at times. He is an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his life is consistent with its teachings. For more than forty years he has been an officer in the church of his choice. Sincerity, integrity, and industry are prominent characteristics of A. P. Beach. He has had little litigation during his life, his rule being to obey literally the motto of his forefathers, "Let your word be a bond." The subject of this notice has been twice married. His first marriage occurred on the 26th of December, 1838, when Caroline, daughter of Rev. Ira Bentley, a Methodist clergyman, became his wife. She died in December, 1853, leaving two children -- Ardelia Augusta (now the wife of F. M. Strong, of Vergennes, Vt. She was a teacher for thirteen years in the schools of Iowa and Illinois); Harvey Fisk, who was born on the 9th of August, 1850, and is now living on the farm next adjoining his father's. In December, 1871, he married Phebe, daughter of James Torrey, of Panton, V t., and by her has had three children -- Charles Edgar, Caroline Eunice, and Allen P. Mr. Beach was married again in 1855 to Mary, daughter of Cyrus Collins, of Ferrisburgh, Vt., who is still living at the age of sixty-two years.

BARTON, FRANKLIN D. The family of Barton was among the first settlers of the town of Waltham. Andrew Barton was the first settler on the farm now owned by A. B. Rose. His son, Andrew Barton, jr., was the first town clerk and also the first justice of the peace. He was a well-educated man for his time, with native talents of a high order. He died in 1802, in the prime of life, aged forty-one years. William Barton, son of Andrew Barton, represented the town in the Legislature in the year 1532; George Barton, in the years 1833, '34, and '38.
Dyer Barton, grandfather of Franklin D., died on July 31, 1808, aged fifty-nine years, leaving his estate to his son, John D. Barton, and a daughter, who became the wife of Jeptha Shedd, who was a book dealer and binder in the city of Vergennes, Vt. Dyer Barton's widow subsequently married Avery Ferguson, who resided in her house on the northern part of the farm now owned by Franklin D., until her death, July 23, 1847, at the age of eighty-nine years.
The first fifty acres owned by John D. Barton were given him by his uncle Andrew Barton, for the care and support of the latter during his natural life. He died soon after this arrangement was made, on January 10, 1813, aged seventy-three years. This land, with the estate which came to him upon the death of his father, and the subsequent purchase of the farms of Abijah and Judson Hurd, made him one of the largest land owners in the town of Waltham, Vt.
John D. Barton was born in Waltham, Vt., on July 29, 1788. He was married on November 25, 1813, to Betsey Smith, who was born in Chester, Vt., on May 7, 1795. Their children were: Cynthia (born on January 13, 1815, widow of Calvin Bragg, and now resides in Ferrisburgh, Vt.); Juliette (born August 1, 1816, died on October 7, 1828); Henry Smith (born on. November 20, 1818, died on April 6, 1819); Eunice Eliza (born on April 30, 1820; wife of Lorenzo Bacon, a farmer living in Dickinson, Franklin county, N. Y.; they have three children, living -- Mariette R., wife of Daniel Hare, Edna C., wife of Selden E. Phillips, and Charles D.) ; Nelson B. (born on February 3, 1823, died on October 7, 1828) ; Fanny D. (born on May 4,

Page 758 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

1825; wife of David Hare, now living in Waltham, Vt.); Amos M. (born on March 2, 1828; married Harriet N. Howe, their children being -- Lillian E., wife of Edson H. Bisbee, Geo. S., who died January, 1885, Henry A., Harriet E., Charles S., Martha E., Mabel C., Fanny D., Bessie J., and Archie M., who died December, 1882; now a merchant, living in Kingsville, Ashtabula county, Ohio); Sumner (born on May 21, 1831, died on May 27; 1843); Franklin D. (subject of this sketch); Juliett Elizabeth (born on November 18, 1836, now living with her sister, Mrs. Hare); Mariette Rachel (born on May 3, 1839, died on February 6, 1845). Mrs. Betsey Barton died on November 19, 1853. Mr. Barton married for his second wife Widow Mandana Smith, who survived him. He died on September 11, 1863, aged seventy-five years. Franklin D. Barton succeeded to the bulk of his father's estate by deed from him and by purchase from the heirs, and has fully sustained the reputation of being a thorough-going, successful farmer and stock raiser. He was born on the farm which is now owned by him, on February 28, 1834. He received his education in the common schools and at the Poultney Academy. While yet an attendant at school he became interested in the raising of Spanish Merino sheep, and persuaded his father to purchase of Edwin Hammond forty head of yearling ewes, the first venture in the direction of an interest which he has since followed untiringly, until, at the present time (1886), he stands by common consent at the head of the Spanish Merino sheep breeders of Addison county, and this not only in the quality, but in the size of his flock. Addison county, Vt., is understood to be headquarters for Spanish Merino sheep in the United States. From the very first his aim has been to secure and preserve the highest standard of excellence, always breeding from the best and purest-blooded rams owned by others until he had produced equally as good from his own flock. The foundation of his present flock was laid in 1864, by purchase of fifty-six ewes from William R. Sanford, Edwin Hammond, and Azro J. Stowe, the Stowe purchase being purely Hammond Stock. He purchased these at an aggregate cost of $21,500. He has confined the breeding to the pure Atwood Merino and has tolerated no admixture. His sales have been made for the most part at home and have been extensive, some years amounting to twenty thousand dollars and upward. In 1883 some fifty head were sold to parties from Australia. In 1880 Mr. Barton built one of the handsomest and most convenient stock-barns in New England, if not in the world. The main building is ninety-six by fifty feet, especially designed for cattle, while the wing is one hundred and eight by forty feet, supplied with all modern conveniences for housing and feeding his sheep. The whole is three stories high, and so arranged by a system of inclined planes that teams may be driven upon either floor. Both of the upper floors are used for storing grain and hay, the upper story being especially arranged as a place for threshing, and from which large granaries extend to the lower floor, so that grain may be taken from them with convenience from either story. The basement is arranged for storing roots, manure, etc., and the barn is not only mammoth in proportion but a model of convenience, and is justly the pride of the town.
Mr. Barton married Lorelle L. Bullard May 7, 1878, who died October 8, 1883.
In politics he is Republican, but has been too busily employed in the conducting of his extensive farm and stock operations to devote much of his time to politics. He has sometimes accepted various offices of his town, but has been no seeker after official positions.

HAND, REV. RICHARD CHARLES. -- Nathan Hand, grandfather of Richard C., was born on Long Island in 1747, married Anna, daughter of Isaac and Hannah Barnes, who was born July 18; 1749. He died May 26, 1811, aged sixty-four; she died July 14, 1812, aged sixty-three. They had nine children -- five sons and four daughters -- of whom Captain Samuel Hand was the eldest. He was born in East Hampton, Long Island, N. Y., October 13, 1769. He married Eliza Sill March 4, 1801, at Granville, Washington county, N. Y. She was born April 22, 1782, in Lyme, Conn. Captain Samuel Hand near the close of the last century settled in the southwest part of Shoreham township, bordering on Lake Champlain, where he built in 1841 the present homestead. He died there September 13, 1845. His wife died July 14, 1859. Nathan and Samuel Hand and their wives are buried in Birchard burying-ground, Shoreham.

Page 759 REV. RICHARD CHARLES HAND. -- NICHOLAS J. MCCUEN.

Captain Samuel and Eliza Hand had six children, viz: Richard Charles, Augustus C., Nancy Augusta, Susan A., Eliza Ann, and Harriet, all of whom, with the exception of Eliza A., who occupies the homestead, are deceased.
Richard Charles Hand was born in Shoreham January 21, 1802; prepared for college at the Newton Academy, in Shoreham; entered Middlebury College, and was graduated from that institution in 1822; pursued his theological studies for three years at the Andover Theological Seminary, and after receiving license he settled in Gouverneur, N. Y., where he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church. He remained there about seven years. He then became district secretary of A. B. C. F. M., three years in New York and nearly four years in Northern New England.
Pastor of the Danville Congregational Church at Danville, Vt., nearly seven years, and at Bennington for the same period. At this time his health had so failed him that he was obliged to withdraw from the active duties of his profession, and in 1854 moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he was a resident at the time of his death, which occurred July, 1870. He married, August 2, 1826, Agnes Hunsdon, who died May 10, 1828; February 13, 1831, married Rhoda Hoyt, of New Haven. The latter died March 31, 1870. Their children were: Lockhart Augustus Charles, born at Gouverneur, N. Y., August 15, 1832, died at New Haven, Vt., March 13, 1834, of brain fever; Agnes Eliza, born at Danville, Vt., July 16, 1845, lived in Brooklyn, N. Y., was educated at Packer Collegiate Institute, graduated 1864; died of heart disease at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., August 7, 1865. The whole family are buried in Birchard Cemetery, Shoreham.

McCUEN, NICHOLAS J. resident of the city of Vergennes, Vt., son of Robert and Mary (Foster) McCuen, was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, on the 15th day of August, 1851, and came to this country at the age six months.
A portion of his father's early days was passed in England. Later he owned and carried on a farm, owned and ran a number of looms for the manufacture of linen; also he speculated quite extensively in grain and mill stuff. Adverse circumstances, caused by the failure of crops in 1847, induced him to come to this country, where he prospered, and was in comfortable circumstances at his death, which came by paralysis on the 22d of July, 1882. His mother was born in Ireland (an only daughter). Her parents died when she was about fourteen years of age, leaving her a comfortable home. Her people being lovers of education, she was much interested in encouraging her son in that direction. She died of paralysis December 18, 1882.
N. J. McCuen, when between the age of ten and twelve years, earned a part of his tuition and attended the private school of B. B. Allen, where he made rapid progress in his studies, receiving favors and compliments from "Uncle Ben," the kind and faithful old schoolmaster.
At not quite the age of thirteen he entered one of the stores of Vergennes as a clerk, and retained the position until January 11, 1871, he then being nineteen years of age, when he purchased a stock of goods and entered into business for himself, his capital being what he had been able to save out of the mere salary of a clerkship of six years. His strict attention to business, temperance principles, honesty and integrity, keeping his word, and unfailing fairness towards his customers and those of whom he purchased goods gained the confidence of the public in an incredibly short time and demonstrated the value of these admirable qualities. His ales the first year amounted to about $25,000, and have steadily increased until now they have reached the gratifying proportions indicated by the sum of $60,000. His stock consists of goods of every description. His business is so thoroughly systematized and classified that he can perform the duties with half the labor that would be expended by an unmethodical merchant.
As soon as Mr. McCuen was of the age to study the political questions of the day he identified himself with the Republican party, and with characteristic wholeheartedness dedicated his energies to its support. While he has not sought office, he has not avoided its responsibilities, and has acted in accordance with his opinion that the duty of contributing in every way to the prompt and economical performance of public trusts devolves upon all citizens.

Page 760 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

In 1818 he was chosen water commissioner of the city water works, and inaugurated a system which was accepted and is in use at the present time, which gave him much credit.
In 1880 he was elected common councilman, and attended to the duties of the office, much to the benefit of the city, in collecting the taxes that year in full, besides being a faithful servant for and of the people. The next two or three years he was brought forward by the people for alderman and elected; but, preferring to give his whole time to his business, he declined to serve, resigned, and was excused.
In 1886 he was elected mayor of the city by a gratifying majority, which office he now holds; and by virtue