M.A.: Stanford University, 1968, Chinese language and literature
B.A.: University of Minnesota, 1965, double major in Chinese and Spanish
M.A: Linguistics, University of Iowa, 1998
Ph.D.: Second Language Acquisition and Teaching, University of Arizona, 2004
B.A.: University of Illinois, 1984
M.A.: University of Washington, 1989
Ph.D.: University of Washington, 1995
BA: 1978 (English Language and Literature)
MA: 1989 (English and American Literature); 1990 (Chinese and Comparative Literature)
Ph.D: 1999 (Chinese and Comparative Literature)