Commas and periods go inside quotation marks:
The name of the article is “Never Try This at Home,” and we all read it.
Semicolons and colons go outside if they are not part of the quoted material:
He told her he was “testing the waters”; indeed, he jumped off the bridge.
Question marks and exclamation points go either inside or outside, depending upon whether the quoted statement is part of the question or exclamation:
“I shall overcome!” he shouted.
Did he say, “I will balance the budget”?