African American Studies
This program offers a minor in African American studies to students who complete the following requirements:
(1) The following core courses, designed to offer theoretical perspectives and broad background:
* HIST 0225 African American History
* AMST 0224 Race and Ethnicity in the US
(2) Two of the following courses, which are more focused explorations of a part of the African American experience:
* AMST 0310 Livin for the City
* ENAM/AMST 0252 African American Literature
* HIST/AMST 0226 The Civil Rights Revolution
(3) One advanced, relevant 0400 level course or an independent 0500-level project.
Other appropriate courses offered during the fall and spring semesters, or during the winter term, may be substituted for courses in category 2 at the discretion of the program director. The director or minor advisor will also approve courses to count in category 3.

African Studies
This program offers a minor in African Studies to students who complete the following requirements:

(1) Two of the following courses which focus primarily on Africa:
DANC 0163 From Africa to America: Moving from Our Core
ECON 0327 Economic Development in Africa
FREN 0395 Women's Voices from the Francophone World
FREN 0396 (Re) Constructing Identities in Francophone Colonial and Postcolonial Fiction

FREN 0398 Children and Civil War in Francophone African Literature
FREN 0492 Denunciation and Literature: The Awakening of the Maghreb

HIST 0113 History of Africa to 1800

HIST 0114 History of Modern Africa
HIST 0375 Struggles in Southern Africa
HIST 0441 Readings in African History: Environmental History of Africa
HIST 0442 Popular Culture and History in Africa
HIST/GSFS0443 Readings in African History: Women and Gender in African History

MUSC 0236 African Soundscapes
MUSC 0244 African Music and Dance Performance
PSCI 1016 Dictators and Democrats
PSCI 0123 Anglophone versus Francophone Africa (CW)
PSCI 0202 African Politics

PSCI 0431 Seminar on African Government

SOAN 0232 Anthropology of Continuity and Change in Sub-Saharan Africa
SOAN/IGST 1070 Introduction to Swahili and East African Cultures
SOAN/IGST 1080 Swahili and East African Culture II

 (2) Two additional courses, either chosen from group (1) above or from the following courses, which include significant materials on Africa and/or the African Diaspora. When given the option to pursue independent research projects in these courses, students are expected to choose Africa-related topics to contribute to their minor:
ECON 0425 Seminar on Economic Development

ECON 0465 Special Topics in Environmental Economics
FREN 0394 Black and Beur Expression

GEOG 0210 Geographical Perspectives on International Development

HIST 0105 The Atlantic World: 1492-1900

HIST 0109 History of Islam and the Middle East, Since 1453

HIST 0225 African American History

HIST 0263 Religion and Politics in Islamic History

HIST 0427 Diaspora and Exile

HIST/GSFS0438 Readings in Middle Eastern History: Women and Islam

MUSC 1066 The History of the American Negro Spiritual

PSCI 0209 Local Green Politics

PSCI 0258 The Politics of International Humanitarian Action

PSCI 0330 Comparative Development Strategies

RELI 0150 The Islamic Tradition

RELI 0272 African American Religious History

RELI 0359 Issues in Islamic Law and Ethics: Questions of Life and Death

SOAN 0211 Human Ecology

SOAN 0267 Global Health

SOAN 0468 Success and Failure in Global Health and Development Projects

SOAN 0340 The Anthropology of Human Rights

SOAN/RELI 0353 Islam in Practice: Anthropology of Muslim Cultures

*Courses offered during the winter term may apply to the minor.

(3) One advanced seminar course (0300- or 0400-level, depending on the department), or a relevant, independent 0500-level project (at the discretion of the program director).
     Other courses offered during the fall, winter, or spring terms, or at affiliated institutions abroad, may be substituted for the above listed courses at the discretion of the program director. As a general rule, no more than one course from a study abroad program will be counted towards the fulfillment of the minor.

American Studies
Requirements: A minimum of eleven courses including AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, 3 AMST electives, 4 courses in a concentration designed in consultation with a faculty advisor, and AMST 0705 (senior research tutorial). Students writing honors theses will undertake an additional term of independent research and writing (AMST 0710).
     Electives: Three AMST electives, two of which must be numbered 0200 or higher. These courses must be listed or cross-listed as AMST courses in the course catalog. Courses may not count toward both the elective and concentration requirements.
     Junior Seminar (AMST 0400): Students should normally take this seminar in the Fall of their Junior year. Where compelling circumstances make doing this impossible, arrangements to take the course as a senior may be made with the director of the American Studies program.
     Senior Research Tutorial (AMST 0705): Seniors must complete either a one-credit research project and essay of approximately 30 pages, or, if otherwise qualified, a two-credit honors thesis of approximately 70 pages. Equivalent work in other media may be possible. All AMST seniors must enroll in AMST 0705, the senior research tutorial, in the fall of their senior year. This seminar will focus on the development of sophisticated research skills, the sharing with peers of research and writing in progress, and the completion of a substantial research project. Those writing one-credit essays will complete their projects over the course of this tutorial. Students writing two-credit honors theses will complete at least one chapter in the seminar and then continue work on the project over another term (AMST 0710) in consultation with a faculty adviser. To qualify for the writing of an honors thesis, a student must have a GPA of at least 3.5 in courses taken for the major. Faculty will make determinations on the awarding of honors after theses are completed.
     Concentrations: Concentrations must bring together coherent clusters of four courses that address particular themes, periods, movements, or modes of thought and expression. In consultation with an advisor and with approval of the program, students will develop an interdisciplinary concentration in one of these areas:
     Popular Culture: Students will study popular cultural forms, their reception, and the history of their production in the United States. Courses will especially focus on the conflicts between popular culture as a site of creativity and democratic empowerment on the one hand, and as a product of dominant commercialized cultural industries on the other.
     Race and Ethnicity: Students will examine specific groups in depth and in comparison, exploring racial and ethnic history, political struggles, creative and cultural practices, and individual and collective modes of identity formation. By studying how and why racial and ethnic identities have evolved in the United States, students will understand their central place in the formation of the American nation.
     Artistic and Intellectual Traditions: Students will focus on literary, religious, philosophical, and social thought and its expression in the United States. They will be encouraged to examine particular currents of thought (e. g. evangelicalism, liberalism, romanticism, modernism, progressivism) or modes of expression (e.g. literature, visual art, or film) that have been important to American culture.
     Space and Place: Students will explore the importance of landscape and place in American culture. Course work may include the study of American regional geography, the historical and aesthetic dimensions of the built environment, the impacts of urban growth, suburbanization, or the imagining of utopian spaces.
     Cultural Politics: Students will explore the relationship between culture, ideology, and the political system. People create meaning about their personal and public lives through cultural practices, but those practices take place within institutional and ideological structures. Relevant courses might explore ethics and religion; political parties and social movements; feminism and gender studies; and representation and visual culture.
     Self-Designed Concentration: Self-designed concentrations must be built in close consultation with a faculty advisor and should focus on a cultural theme or interdisciplinary area of inquiry. Potential topics might include: Gender & American Culture; American Environmentalism; Visual Culture; Industrialization of America; and Immigration and Cultural Exchanges.
     Joint Major Requirements: Students may major in AMST jointly with another discipline or program. Students must discuss their rationale for doing so with their advisor in AMST and joint majors must be approved by the faculty in AMST. Required courses for a joint major in AMST are: AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, and AMST 0705, and 2 AMST electives.
     Minor Requirements: Students may complete a minor in American Studies by taking the following courses: AMST 0210, AMST 0209, AMST 0400, three AMST electives.
     Study Abroad for American Studies Majors: The faculty members of the Program in American Studies recognize the benefits of cross-cultural learning and encourage majors to take advantage of study abroad opportunities. Often students returning from study abroad undertake senior work that responds to their cultural learning while abroad. We encourage students to take courses in their study abroad program that focus on the host culture and thereby allow the best opportunity for cultural comparison.
     American Studies majors normally take AMST 0400, a required seminar, in the fall semester of their junior year. Under compelling circumstances that leave only the fall available as an option for study abroad, majors may be able to take AMST 0400 in the fall semester of their senior year. Such arrangements must be discussed in advance with, and approved by, the director of the American Studies program. The American Studies program enjoys being host to exchange students from the American studies programs at the Universities of East Anglia and Nottingham in Great Britain.

AMST 0101 Introduction to American Studies: American Representations of Crime and Violence (Spring 2014)
In this course we will offer an introduction to the interdisciplinary study of American culture and identity. Integrating a range of sources and methods, we will examine myths, symbols, values, and social changes that have been used to create and contest ideas of "Americanness." Sources for the course will include movies, fiction, political and religious tracts, advertising, TV shows, video games, music, and journalism. This year, we will focus on American portrayals of crime and violence in a wide range of texts and cultural artifacts that provide us with a larger sense of how these representations function in the formation of categories of gender and sexuality, race and ethnicity, ethics and religion, as well as socio-economic class in American society. Texts and films will range from True Crime to Pulp Fiction and from street photography to pictures of prisoners at Abu Ghraib.  3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC (R. Lint Sagarena)

AMST/FMMC 0104 Television & American Culture (Spring 2014)
This course explores American life in the last six decades through an analysis of our central medium: television. Spanning a history of television from its origins in radio to its future in digital convergence, we will consider television's role in both reflecting and constituting American society through a variety of approaches. Our topical exploration will consider the economics of the television industry, television's role within American democracy, the formal attributes of a variety of television genres, television as a site of gender and racial identity formation, television's role in everyday life, and the medium's technological and social impacts. 2 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. NOR, SOC (J. Mittell)

AMST/HIST 0202 The American Mind (Fall 2013)
We will consider the history of influential American ideas, and ideas about America, from the Revolution to the present, with particular regard to changing cultural contexts. A continuing question will be whether such a consensus concept as “the American Mind” has the validity long claimed for it. Among many writers we will read are Thomas Jefferson, Alexis de Tocqueville, William James, Martin Luther King, Reinhold Niebuhr and Betty Friedan. (Previously taught as HIST/AMST 0426) HIS, NOR (J. McWilliams)

AMST/WRPR 0203 Media, Sports, & Identity (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the relationship between media, sports, and the formulation of one’s identity. We will examine issues pertaining to gender identification, violence, and hero worship. Reading critical essays on the subject, studying media coverage of sporting events, and writing short analytical essays will enable us to determine key elements concerning how sports are contextualized in American culture. Student essays will form the basis of a more in-depth inquiry that each student will then present, using media, at the end of the course. (Not open to students who have taken WRPR 1002) CW, NOR, SOC (H. Vila)

AMST/ENAM 0206 Nineteenth-Century American Literature (Fall 2013)
This course will examine major developments in the literary world of 19th century America. Specific topics to be addressed might include the transition from Romanticism to Regionalism and Realism, the origins and evolution of the novel in the United States, and the tensions arising from the emergence of a commercial marketplace for literature. Attention will also be paid to the rise of women as literary professionals in America and the persistent problematizing of race and slavery. Among others, authors may include J. F. Cooper, Emerson, Melville, Douglass, Chopin, Whitman, Dickinson, Twain, Hawthorne, Stowe, Alcott, Wharton, and James. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR (D. Evans)

AMST/ENAM 0209 American Literature and Culture: Origins-1830 (Fall 2013)
A study of literary and other cultural forms in early America, including gravestones, architecture, furniture and visual art. We will consider how writing and these other forms gave life to ideas about religion, diversity, civic obligation and individual rights that dominated not only colonial life but that continue to influence notions of "Americanness" into the present day. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR (M. Newbury)

AMST 0210 Formation of Modern American Culture I: 1830-1919 (Spring 2014)
An introduction to the study of American culture from 1830 through World War I with an emphasis on the changing shape of popular, mass, and elite cultural forms. We will explore a widely-accepted scholarly notion that a new, distinctively national and modern culture emerged during this period and that particular ideas of social formation (race, class, gender, sexuality, etc.) came with it. We will practice the interdisciplinary interpretation of American culture by exploring a wide range of subjects and media: economic change, social class, biography and autobiography, politics, photo-journalism, novels, architecture, painting, and photography. Required of all American studies majors. 3 hrs. lect./disc. HIS, NOR (W. Nash)

AMST/GEOG 0218 Cultural Geography (Spring 2014)
What do landscapes mean? How are places created and invested with significance? Why do people struggle to control public and private space? In this course we will examine these and similar questions. The main goals are to illuminate the wealth of meanings embodied in the built environment and our metaphorical understandings of landscape, place, space, and geographical identity, and to teach skills for interpreting and representing those meanings. Lectures, course readings, small-group projects, and papers will draw on social theory and empirical approaches, with a regional emphasis on North America. 3 hrs. lect. CW, NOR, SOC (A. Knowles)

AMST 0226 Global American Studies (Fall 2013)
The intensification of globalization since the 1980s has transformed the United States and the field of American Studies. In this course we will explore cultural and social changes that are linked to global flows of media, money, and migration in and out of the United States. Contemporary theories of globalization in the humanities and social sciences will be explored through a number of case studies. Some of the themes covered will include: the relationship between globalization and Americanization, imperialism and American militarization, transnationalism and media, and neoliberalism and finance. NOR, SOC (R. Joo)

AMST 0227 Asian Americas (Spring 2014)
In this course we will investigate cultural transformations, cultural politics, and the cultural productions of and about Asian Americans. The themes of immigration, nation, and citizenship are central to the construction of the U.S. racial category of Asian. Those addressed within the category are highly diverse and differentiated along class, gender, and generational lines, yet the racial category structures particular kinds of experiences and possibilities for subjects. Historical transformations and contemporary issues in a variety of Asian American contexts will be investigated through a variety of texts including historical accounts, cultural studies, anthropological studies, autobiography, and fiction. 3 hrs. lect.  NOR, SOC (R. Joo)

AMST 0231 See the U.S.A.: Tourism in American Culture (Fall 2013)
In this course, we will explore the history and evolution of American tourism, beginning in the 1820s, when middle-class tourists first journeyed up the Hudson River valley, and ending with our contemporary and continuing obsession with iconic destinations such as Graceland, Gettysburg, and the Grand Canyon. We will explore how the growth of national transportation systems, the development of advertising, and the rise of a middle class with money and time to spend on leisure shaped the evolution of tourism. Along the way, we will study various types of tourism (such as historical, cultural, ethnic, eco-, and 'disaster' tourism) and look at the creative processes by which places are transformed into 'destinations'. Our texts will come from visual art, travel literature, material culture, and film and television. We will consider their cultural meaning and reflect on our own motivations and responses as tourists, and by so doing contemplate why tourism was-and still is-such an important part of American life. 3 hrs. lect. CW, HIS, NOR (D. Evans)

AMST 0234 American Consumer Culture (Spring 2014)
For many Americans in the 20th century, consumer goods came to embody the promise of the "good life."  Yet mass consumption also fostered economic, political, and social inequalities and engendered anti-consumerist activism. In this course we will pursue an interdisciplinary approach to American consumer culture, focusing on the rise of commercialized leisure and advertising; the role of radio, television, and film in shaping consumer practices; and the relationship of consumerism to social inequality and democratic citizenship. Readings will include works by Veblen, Marcuse, Bordieu, Marchand, Cohen, and Schor.  3 hrs. lect. HIS, NOR  (H. Allen)

AMST/FMMC 0238 Film Noir (Spring 2014)
A series of urban crime films and melodramas made in Hollywood between 1940-1960, but concentrated in the decade immediately after World War II, have been understood by critics to constitute the movement of film noir. In this course we will study prominent films from this group as well as contemporary films influenced by them, and the critical literature they have elicited in order to understand the cultural sources, the stylistic attributes, the social significance, and the long-term influence attributed to film noir. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. ART, NOR (L. Grindon)

AMST/FMMC 0242 Film Comedy (Spring 2014)
A survey of American film comedy from the silent era to contemporary productions. The course will focus on various approaches such as clown comedy, romantic comedy, and satirical comedy. In addition, the course will explore screen comedy in the context of various theories of comedy, including the narrative design, the social dynamics, and the psychological understanding of humor. The filmmakers will include: Chaplin, Keaton, Lubitsch, Wilder, Woody Allen, among others. Screenings, readings and written assignments. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0102 or instructor approval) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. (L. Grindon)

AMST/HARC 0246 American Painting: Beginnings to the Armory Show (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to American painting from 17th century limner portraits to the rise of modernism in the twentieth century, with special attention to Copley, Cole, Church, Homer, Eakins, Sloan, and Bellows. Although we will trace the development of traditional categories of painting (landscape, portraiture, genre), our purpose will be to discover what the paintings tell us about the changing values and tastes of American culture. (Formerly HARC/AMCV 0246) 3 hrs. lect. ART, HIS, NOR (J. McWilliams)

AMST/ENAM 0253 Science Fiction (Spring 2014)
Time travel, aliens, androids, robots, corporate and political domination, reimaginings of race, gender, sexuality and the human body--these concerns have dominated science fiction over the last 150 years. But for all of its interest in the future, science fiction tends to focus on technologies and social problems relevant to the period in which it is written. In this course, we'll work to understand both the way that authors imagine technology's role in society and how those imaginings create meanings for science and its objects of study and transformation. Some likely reading and films include Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, H. G. Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau, Ridley Scott, Blade Runner, and works by William Gibson, Ursula LeGuin, Octavia Butler and other contemporary writers. (Students who have taken FYSE 1162 are not eligible to register for this course). 3 hrs. lect./disc.  LIT (M. Newbury)

AMST/ENAM 0263 American Psycho: Disease, Doctors, and Discontents (Spring 2014)
What constitutes a pathological response to the pressures of modernity?  How do pathological protagonists drive readers toward the precariousness of their own physical and mental health?  The readings for this class center on the provisional nature of sanity and the challenges to bodily health in a world of modern commerce, media, and medical diagnoses.  We will begin with 19th century texts and their engagement with seemingly "diseased" responses to urbanization, new forms of work, and new structures of the family and end with contemporary fictional psychopaths engaged in attacks on the world of images we inhabit in the present.  Nineteenth century texts will likely include stories by Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.  Later 20th-century works will likely include Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Thomas Harris, The Silence of the Lambs, Susanna Kaysen, Girl, Interrupted, and Bret Easton Ellis, American Psycho. LIT, NOR (M. Newbury)

AMST/GSFS 0306 Sex and Sexuality: History, Culture, Politics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore how ordinary people make sense of their sexuality and how beliefs and practices toward sexuality change over time with a focus on the period since 1915.  We will examine the relationship between sexuality and other social differences, such as gender, class, race, and disability.  Finally, we will consider how experts-in religion, government, medicine, and the law-work to define and regulate sexuality.  Historical subjects will be complemented by contemporary issues such as the sexualization of girlhood, sexual violence, and marriage equality. Readings include works by Foucault, Berlant, Chauncey, and Meyerowitz. Primary sources include novels, film, television, legislation, and medical literature. 3 hrs. lect. HIS, NOR (H. Allen)

AMST/HIST 0308 The Power of Race: Science, Medicine, and Human Diversity (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will explore the manner in which ideologies of race have shaped the histories of science and medicine, and how scientists and medical practitioners have shaped the history of race. Topics will include the role of scientific knowledge in debates about racial slavery in the U.S., eugenics policies in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, tropical medicine in the Philippines, and public health policies in Los Angeles and San Francisco. We will pay particular attention to recent debates regarding the uses of race and genetic ancestry in biomedical research and practice, as well as genetic genealogy. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, HIS, NOR (D. Thompson)

AMST/HIST 0309 Technology and Power in American History (Fall 2013)
In this course we will consider how technological artifacts and systems have constituted, mediated, and reproduced relationships of power with a particular attention to hierarchies of race, gender, class, and nation. We will examine the relationships between humans and technologies within the context of globalization from early colonial America through the 21st century. We will consider a variety of technologies and social settings such as guns, slave ships, plantations, factories, prisons, physical and virtual border fences, computers, mobile phones, human bodies, and reproduction. We will ask whether technology has produced a better America, and for whom. 3 hrs. sem. HIS, NOR (D. Thompson)

AMST 0320 Critical Perspectives on Sports (Spring 2014)
Sports operate as primary cultural institutions in communities throughout the world. This course will offer a critical investigation of the social and cultural impact of sports in the contemporary era. The cultures of sport shape communities and identities as important social and cultural institutions where beliefs, values, and ideas are inculcated through competition. As a social institution, sports also work to reinforce and shape ideologies around gender, sexuality, race, and nation. This course will detail how sports reflect and shape inequalities and differences in the United States. We will cover important topics in the cultural studies of sport, including gender disparities, racial representations, commercialization, and sport in educational institutions. Students will receive an introduction to ethnographic methods in American Studies, including interview, participant observation, social mapping, and qualitative data analysis. (Not open to students who have taken AMST 1003) 3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC (R. Joo)

AMST/ENAM 0347 Families in American Ethnic Literatures (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore depictions of "the family" by authors of various ethnicities-in every case interaction with/integration into "American life" is at issue.  Under that broad rubric, we will discuss a range of topics, including: the processes of individual and group identity erasure and formation; experiences of intergenerational conflict; considerations of the burden and promise of personal and communal histories; examinations of varied understandings of race, class, and gender; and interrogations of "Americanness."  Authors include Ronald Takaki, Gloria Naylor, Arturo Islas, Sherman Alexie, Philip Roth, Julie Otsuka, Jhumpa Lahiri, Junot Diaz, Gish Jen, and Dinaw Mengestu. CMP, LIT, NOR (W. Nash)

AMST/ENAM 0358 Reading, Slavery, and Abolition (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study both black and white writers' psychological responses to, and their verbal onslaughts on, the "peculiar institution" of chattel slavery. We will work chronologically and across genres to understand how and by whom the written word was deployed in pursuit of physical and mental freedom and racial and socioeconomic justice. As the course progresses, we will deepen our study of historical context drawing on the substantial resources of Middlebury's special collections, students will have the opportunity to engage in archival work if they wish. Authors will include Emerson, Douglass, Jacobs, Thoreau, Stowe, Walker, and Garrison. 3 hrs. sem. HIS, LIT, NOR (W. Nash)

AMST 0365 The Art and Language of the Civil War (Fall 2013)
The course will begin with a review of the major historical events of the Civil War. We will then study the conflict through the paintings of Winslow Homer and Frederic Church, the poetry and prose of Walt Whitman, the photographs of Matthew Brady, and the political writings of Abraham Lincoln. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the thoughts and attitudes of the common soldier as reflected in his diaries and journals. 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, HIS, NOR (C. Wilson)

AMST/HIST/GSFS 0373 History of American Women: 1869-1999 (Fall 2013)
This course will examine women's social, political, cultural, and economic position in American society from 1869 through the late 20th century. We will explore the shifting ideological basis for gender roles, as well as the effects of race, class, ethnicity, and region on women's lives. Topics covered will include: women's political identity, women's work, sexuality, access to education, the limits of "sisterhood" across racial and economic boundaries, and the opportunities women used to expand their sphere of influence. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

AMST 0400 Theory and Method (Fall 2013)
A reading of influential secondary texts that have defined the field of American Studies during the past fifty years. Particular attention will be paid to the methodologies adopted by American Studies scholars, and the relevance these approaches have for the writing of senior essays and theses. (Open to junior American studies majors only.) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (M. Newbury)

AMST 0408 American Art in Context: Art and Life of Winslow Homer (Fall 2013)
Although generally regarded as a popular painter of American life, Winslow Homer often provides a penetrating and sometimes disturbing view of post-Civil War America. Among the topics to be considered: Homer's paintings of the Civil War; his illustrations of leisure and recreation; and his depictions of women and children in the Gilded Age. During the second half of the course, we will turn our attention to Homer's landscape paintings of the Adirondacks, the Caribbean and the Maine coast, as well as his seascapes of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic. 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, HIS, NOR (C. Wilson)

AMST 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Select project advisor prior to registration. (Staff)

AMST 0705 Senior Research Tutorial (Fall 2013)
This seminar will focus on the development of sophisticated research skills, the sharing with peers of research and writing in progress, and the completion of a substantial research project. Those writing one-credit essays will complete their projects over the course of this tutorial. (H. Allen)

AMST 0710 Honors Thesis (Spring 2014)
For students who have completed AMST 0705, and qualify to write a two-credit interdisciplinary honors thesis on some aspect of American culture. The thesis may be completed on a fall/winter schedule or a fall/spring schedule. (Select a thesis advisor prior to registration) (Staff)

Arabic
The Arabic major requires four years of language study or its equivalent. Majors must also choose one of two disciplinary tracks: literature or linguistics. Each disciplinary track requires the completion of four content courses, including one introductory course specific to the discipline. Majors have the option of preparing a senior project or a senior thesis for honors.
Major in Arabic:(Minimum number of courses - 13)
Students majoring in Arabic must take:
1) Arabic language through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent: ARBC 0101, ARBC 0102, ARBC 0103, ARBC 0201, ARBC 0202, ARBC 0301, ARBC 0302;
2) Two courses in Arabic at the 0400-level;
3) Students must spend at least one semester in an Arabic-program abroad. The program strongly recommends that students spend a full year abroad.
4) Either
     a. ENAM 0205, LITS 0205 or LITS 0360, plus three additional courses in Arabic literature (for students pursuing senior work in literature)
or
     b. LNGT 0101, LNGT 0102 or ARBC 0111, plus two additional courses in Arabic linguistics and one in Arabic literature (for students pursuing senior work in linguistics);
(Only one course per semester at a Middlebury College study abroad site may fulfill the 3a or 3b course requirement.)
     Content courses for 3a and 3b taken in schools abroad require Departmental approval of the syllabus and a dossier of all written work (consisting of at least two exams and 8 typed pages of Arabic). Direct-enrolled courses at a school abroad will be counted at the 400-level, with Departmental approval of the syllabus and a dossier of all written work (consisting of at least 12 typed pages of Arabic).
     Senior Work: Majors with a B+ average in their Arabic coursework may elect to prepare a one-term senior project (ARBC 0600, taken in the Spring) or a thesis (ARBC 0700/0701, taken in Fall and Winter or Winter and Spring). Senior projects and theses are usually written in English, but must demonstrate significant use of Arabic sources. Senior theses will include a 2000 word summary in Arabic.
Departmental honors are determined by a combination of thesis grade and grade point average in courses taken in the Arabic Program at Middlebury College and at Middlebury Colleges study abroad sites in Alexandria or Amman.
     Joint Major: Joint majors with other departments must include: 1) studying Arabic language through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent; 2) two courses related to Arab literature or linguistics; and 3) a senior project that explicitly engages both departments. (See above for guidelines regarding courses taken at schools abroad and at the Summer Language Program.)
     Minor in Arabic: Students may minor in Arabic by 1) studying Arabic language through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent; and 2) taking two other courses related to Arabic culture (cinema, literature, pop-culture, etc.) or Arabic linguistics. Only one of the two courses on Arabic culture or linguistics may be taken abroad. (See above for guidelines regarding courses taken at schools abroad and at the Summer Language Program.)

ARBC 0101 Beginning Arabic I (Fall 2013)
The goal of this course is to begin developing reading, speaking, listening, writing, and cultural skills in Arabic. This course stresses written and oral communication, using both formal Arabic and some Egyptian dialect. Emphasis is also placed on reading authentic texts from Arabic media sources, listening to and watching audio and video materials, and developing students' understanding of Arab culture. 6 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (H. Al-Rihawi, U. Soltan, S. Liebhaber)

ARBC 0103 Beginning Arabic III (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of ARBC 0102. 6 hrs. lect./disc. (ARBC 0102 or equivalent) LNG (S. Liebhaber, U. Soltan)

ARBC 0201 Intermediate Arabic I (Fall 2013)
This course is a continuation of ARBC 0103. Emphasis is placed on reading authentic materials from Arabic media, expanding students' vocabulary, listening to and watching audio and video materials, and developing students' understanding of Arab culture and communicative competence. (ARBC 0103 or equivalent) 6 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (A. Almallah)

ARBC 0202 Intermediate Arabic II (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of Arabic 0201. Fifth in a series of courses that develop reading, speaking, listening, writing, and cultural skills in Arabic. This course stresses communication in formal and spoken Arabic. (ARBC 0201 or equivalent). 6 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (R. Greeley)

ARBC/CMLT 0210 Arabia: A Literary Approach (in English) (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the Arabian Peninsula as a literary topos that has beguiled representation in both Eastern and Western literature. Whether it is depicted as a glittering spectacle of petro-dollars, the haunt of Bedouin tribesmen or as a sacred focal point, Arabia is an open canvas on which successive societies have sketched their anxieties and aspirations Simultaneously, Arabia has its own rich legacy of self-representation that has been shaped by its harsh environment and unique resources. We will sift through these representations in texts that range among pre-Islamic poetry, the accounts of foreign explorers, novels by modern Arab authors, and contemporary Bedouin oral poetry. All readings will be in English and no previous knowledge of Arabic is required. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CW, LIT (S. Liebhaber)

ARBC 0219 Palestine and its Diaspora through Film and Literature (in English) (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore various answers to one essential question: what is Palestine? We will examine different notions of being Palestinian by focusing on the film and literature produced by three main axes of Palestinian society: Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, Palestinians within Israel, and the Palestinian Diaspora. We will read works by Emil Habiby, Mahmoud Darwish, and Sahar Khalifeh; and analyze films including Wedding in Galilee, Paradise Now, and The Time that Remains. Secondary readings and discussions will set these works in contemporary historical, cultural, and political perspectives. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, CMP, LIT (A. Almallah)

ARBC/LNGT 0225 Introduction to Arabic Linguistics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on the study of Arabic as a “language system" in terms of the frameworks and tools of modern linguistic analysis. Topics covered include the sound system (phonology), word structure (morphology), phrase and sentence structure (syntax), meaning at the word and sentential level (semantics), as well as the history of Arabic and the Arabic grammatical tradition. We will give equal attention to the study of the linguistic features of both Standard Arabic and the modern Arabic dialects of today. Readings will be drawn from a variety of sources, including descriptive grammars and modern linguistic analyses. (ARBC 0101 or instructor’s approval) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LNG (U. Soltan)

ARBC 0301 Advanced Arabic 1 (Fall 2013)
A continuation of Arabic 0202. This course aims to help students reach an intermediate-high level of proficiency in reading, speaking, writing, listening, and culture. Readings include articles on cultural, social, historical, political and literary topics. (ARBC 0202 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (S. Liebhaber)

ARBC 0302 Advanced Arabic II (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of Arabic 0301. It aims to help students reach an advanced level of proficiency in reading, speaking, and writing Arabic, as well as to develop further an understanding of Arab culture. Readings include articles on cultural, social, historical, political, and literary topics. Course will be conducted entirely in Arabic. (ARBC 0301 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect/disc. LNG (A. Almallah)

ARBC 0421 Aspects of Arabic Linguistic Variation (Fall 2013)
In this course we will focus on aspects of Arabic linguistic variation across the Arab world. Topics will include: regional variation among major Arabic dialects in the lexicon and grammar; alternation in usage between Modern Standard Arabic and the vernacular dialects; and variation tied to literary, religious, and political discourse. Readings will consist of Arabic texts taken from a variety of sources, including print and non-print media, political speeches and commentaries, and the language of literature. This course will be taught in Arabic. (ARBC 0302 or equivalent) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, LNG, SOC (U. Soltan)

ARBC 0431 The Environmental Middle East: Forests, Rivers, and Peoples (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the environmental history of the Middle East and contemporary conservation practices in this region, focusing on four environmental case-studies: a contemporary conservation project in Lebanon, the Ghuta Forest of Damascus, the GAP dam project in Syria, and the marshes of Southern Iraq. We will consider these sites of contested power relations, cultural practice, and memory through the lenses of political and environmental essays, academic critiques, policy papers, historical documents, current media, and literary works. The objectives of this course: to provide students with a solid grasp of contemporary Middle Eastern environmental history, to address the key elements of cultural practice in each geographic area, and to achieve advanced proficiency in Arabic, including a mastery of environmental terminology. (ARBC 0302 or equivalent) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, LNG, SOC (R. Greeley)

ARBC 0500 Arabic Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval Required. (Staff)

ARBC 0700 Senior Project (Fall 2013)
Approval required. (Staff)

ARBC 0701 Senior Thesis (Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Biology

Requirements for the Biology Major: Requirements for the biology major encourage both breadth across the subdisciplines of biology as well as depth in at least one subdiscipline. The introductory sequence includes two courses, BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution and BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics, both of which are designed for students in their first year at the college who are considering a major in the life sciences, or for whom an in-depth coverage of the life sciences is of interest.

Requirements for the twelve course biology major are as follows:

1. BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution
2. BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics
3. Two organismal courses from among BIOL 0201 Invertebrate Biology, BIOL 0202 Comparative Vertebrate Biology, BIOL 0203 Biology of Plants, and BIOL 0310 Microbiology.
4. One course in experimental design and data analysis from among BIOL 0211 (offered each winter term), ECON 0210, MATH 0116 or PSYC 0201.
5. A college-level chemistry course with laboratory [NOTE: AP credit in chemistry or a bypass examination cannot be used to satisfy this requirement].
6. Six biology electives from the 0200-0700 level, with the following restrictions: (a) at least two of which must include a laboratory section; and (b) no more than one semester of BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 may count as elective credit toward the major.

Guidelines and Restrictions Relevant to the Selection of Courses for the Major:

• It is expected that the core courses (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) will be completed by the end of the third semester.
• Students with strong high school preparation may take the BIOL 0140or BIOL 0145 placement exam and if successful will be permitted to take 0200 and 0300-level courses.
• Except for transfer students, BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 must be taken at Middlebury College.
• The course in experimental design and data analysis (BIOL 0211, ECON 0210, MATH 0116, or PSYC 0201) should be taken by the end of the sophomore year.
• Departmental courses offered with laboratories must be taken with the laboratory to satisfy major or joint major requirements.
• Electives may include only one semester of BIOL 0500 Independent Study or BIOL 0700 Senior Independent Study, and two winter term courses designated for major credit (not including BIOL 0211).
• A maximum of three courses taken off campus may be credited toward completion of the major or joint major. This includes courses taken at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. No BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 credit will be granted for independent study projects conducted during off-campus study programs.
• Except for transfer students, off-campus biology courses must be beyond the introductory level.
• When a course is offered at Middlebury with a lab or prerequisites, an equivalent off-campus course must also include a lab or prerequisites.

Requirements for a Minor in Biology: BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145, and three elective courses from 0200-, 0300-, and 0400-level courses in the department, one of which must be an organismal course (BIOL 0201, 0202, 0203, or 0310), AND one of which must be at the 0300 or 0400 level.

Guidelines and Restrictions for the Minor:

• Except for transfer students, BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 must be taken at Middlebury College.
• The three electives need to be related thematically.
• When a course is offered at Middlebury with a lab or prerequisites, an equivalent off-campus course must also include a lab or prerequisites.
• Transfer credit for a course will be given only after the department chair reviews the course material upon a student's return to campus. (See guidelines for transfer credit.)

     Joint Major:The Department of Biology does not offer a joint major other than the joint major in Biology and Environmental Studies described below.
     Requirements for the Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Major: See the listing for the Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry for a description of this major.
     Requirements for the Neuroscience Major: See the listing for the Program in Neuroscience for a description of this major.
     Requirements for the Joint Major with Environmental Studies: See the listing for the conservation biology focus under the Program in Environmental Studies.
     Graduate or Professional Training: Students considering graduate or professional school in the life sciences should note that many programs require a year of inorganic chemistry (CHEM 0103, 0104), a year of organic chemistry (CHEM 0241, 0242), a year of physics (PHYS 0109, 0110), and a year of calculus (MATH 0121, 0122) for admission. Students are therefore strongly encouraged to meet with their faculty advisors early in their undergraduate career so the advantages of taking additional courses in the natural sciences can be discussed.
     Departmental Honors: Students with an average of 3.5 or higher in departmental courses other than BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, and BIOL 0701 are eligible for departmental honors, for which a 2-semester thesis project is also required (see below). The Biology Department awards two levels of honors: honors and high honors.
     Criteria for Honors: Students with an average of 3.5 or higher in departmental courses (other than BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, and BIOL 0701) and a grade of A- or above on their thesis will be awarded honors.
     Criteria for High Honors: High honors will be awarded to students who meet all of the criteria for honors and who, in addition, have completed theses of exceptionally high quality. Determination of honors or high honors is based on a formal recommendation from the thesis committee, and requires the approval of the Biology Department faculty.
     The thesis process is described in detail in the Student & Faculty Research portion of the departmental website, and all students interested in conducting thesis research should read that section of the website in detail. Normally, research for thesis projects begins during the first term of a student's senior year (or during the preceding summer). Students interested in field research should talk with a faculty member by winter term of their junior year. All other prospective thesis students should consult with prospective advisors concerning possible thesis projects by spring term of their junior year. Thesis projects must be of at least two terms' duration (one term of BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 and one of BIOL 0701) and result in the production of a written thesis, a public presentation of the thesis research, and an oral defense of the thesis before a committee of at least three faculty members. The thesis grade reflects performance in all aspects of the thesis process. Note that although completion of a thesis is one prerequisite for receiving honors, students may undertake a thesis regardless of whether they meet the other criteria for honors.
     Advanced Placement Credit: Middlebury College grants one college credit for a score of 5 on the biology advanced placement exam. However, because the biology department does not offer any introductory course that is the equivalent of an AP biology course, advanced placement credit does not exempt a student from any of the published requirements for the major, minor, or joint majors, nor can it satisfy the college's distribution requirement. Placement exams for BIOL 0140 and 0145 are offered before each semester. Passing these placement exams allows students to enroll in classes for which BIOL 0140 or 0145 is a prerequisite. (NOTE: Students may only take a bypass exam once.)
     International Baccalaureate (IB): Students who have or anticipate applying IB credit to completion of the Middlebury College degree and who plan to enroll in Biology courses during their undergraduate career must first take the Biology Department bypass exams (for BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) in order to determine proper placement. (NOTE: Students may only take a bypass exam once.)
     Off-Campus Study: Students interested in taking biology courses off campus are strongly encouraged to discuss their plans with their advisor early in their college careers. Students should see the "Guidelines and Restrictions" section under the requirements heading for the biology major to learn more about obtaining transfer credit. Students seeking approval for biology courses taken off campus should be prepared, upon their return, to document course content with syllabi and class notes.

BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this introduction to ecology and evolutionary biology we will cover the topics of interspecific interactions (competition, predation, mutualism), demography and life-history patterns, succession and disturbance in natural communities, species diversity, stability and complexity, causes of evolutionary change, speciation, phylogenetic reconstruction, and population genetics. The laboratory component will examine lecture topics in detail (such as measuring the evolutionary response of bacteria, adaptations of stream invertebrates to life in moving water, invasive species and their patterns of spread). We will emphasize experimental design, data collection in the field and in the laboratory, data analysis, and writing skills. 3 hrs. lect./disc./3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (Fall 2013: D. Allen, Spring 2014: H. Young)

BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this introduction to modern cellular, genetic, and molecular biology we will explore life science concepts with an emphasis on their integral nature and evolutionary relationships. Topics covered will include cell membrane structure and function, metabolism, cell motility and division, genome structure and replication, the regulation of gene expression and protein production, genotype to phenotype relationship, and basic principles of inheritance. Major concepts will be illustrated using a broad range of examples from plants, animals, and microorganisms. Current topics in biology will be integrated into the course as they arise. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc./3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (Fall 2013: G. Spatafora, Spring 2014: G. Ernstrom)

BIOL 0201 Invertebrate Biology (Fall 2013)
The study of invertebrate animals, which comprise more than 90 percent of all animal species and represent the most diverse approaches to life on earth. A wide variety of protozoans cnidarians, echinoderms, mollusks, crustaceans, arachnids and insects are examined. Animals are studied primarily in the field for the first half of the course and the lab in the second. Emphasis is upon their ecology, evolution, behavior, and taxonomy. Specialized topics include regeneration, parasitology, sociality, and adaptations to freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. Oral, written, and independent projects are required. (BIOL 0140) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab SCI (T. Root)

BIOL 0202 Comparative Vertebrate Biology (Spring 2014)
This course will explore the evolution of the vertebrate classes and the adaptations that allow them to live in almost every habitat on Earth. We will study the phylogeny, anatomy, physiology, and ecology of the major extinct and extant taxa of vertebrates and discuss how each group solves the problems of finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. Laboratory exercises will focus on the comparative anatomy of a cartilaginous fish (the dogfish shark) and a mammal (the cat). Students will learn to identify the anatomical structures of the vertebrate body and observe the evolutionary homologies. Occasional field trips will introduce the local vertebrate fauna in their natural habitat. (BIOL 0140 or BIOL 0145) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab SCI  (M. Spritzer)

BIOL 0203 Biology of Plants (Fall 2013)
An introduction to plants, their life cycles, and their relationships to each other, as well as to the animals that pollinate them, disperse their fruits, and eat them. We will discuss morphology, physiology, evolution, and natural history of plants (mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms). The laboratory will emphasize plant identification, various aspects of plant ecology and physiology, plant morphology, and plant use by humans. Students will complete a Community Service component, such as completing a forest inventory for a local forest, assisting with the campus tree map, or help with seed-saving measures at the College Organic Garden. Field trips will be the norm early in the semester. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab SCI (H. Young)

BIOL/NSCI 0216 Animal Behavior (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The behavior of animals primarily from an ethological perspective, with respect to genetics, physiology, evolution, and other biological factors. The course follows the history and methods of studying individual and social behaviors like feeding, courtship, mating, parental care, defense, predation, and migration. We examine live animals in the field and lab to illustrate such processes as instinct, learning, and communication. Discussion topics include behaviorism, intelligence, and sociobiology, analytical methods from tracking animals in the field to computerized motion analysis in the lab are utilized, and students design their own research projects. Oral, written, and independent projects are required. (BIOL 0140 or BIOL 0145) 2.5 hrs. lect./1 hr. video screen./3 hrs. lab SCI (Fall 2013: M. Spritzer, Spring 2014: T. Root)

BIOL 0302 Vertebrate Natural History (Fall 2013)
This course deals with the natural history of vertebrates in the context of the forests, fields, wetlands, and rivers of western Vermont. We will explore in depth the taxonomy of the local vertebrate fauna; techniques for capturing and handling live animals, particularly birds, mammals, and fish; and address experimentally specific questions about the distribution and abundance of vertebrates in a range of natural plant communities. Topics considered will include conservation biology, population and community ecology, and behavior. Field work will involve several early morning and weekend trips.  (BIOL 0140) 6+ hrs. lab/field. CW (5 spaces), SCI (S. Trombulak)

BIOL 0305 Developmental Biology (Fall 2013)
Have you ever wondered how an embryo develops from a simple fertilized egg to a complex adult? This course explores this question, examining the preparation and initiation of development (gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavages, and gastrulation), the formation of embryonic structure (morphogenesis), the creation of embryonic pattern (pattern formation), and the control of gene expression during embryogenesis. In lab, students will design and carry out experiments at the cutting edge of developmental biology, incorporating modern cellular, molecular, and genetic techniques with classical embryological approaches. Fundamental mysteries of development will be investigated in model organisms that best illustrate each process. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) 3 hrs. lect./4 hrs. lab SCI (C. Combelles)

BIOL 0310 Microbiology (Fall 2013)
The microbiological principles emphasized in this class will provide students with a foundation for advanced study in many areas of contemporary biology. The course will integrate basic and applied aspects of microbiology into a study of the prokaryotic microorganisms. General principles of bacterial cell structure, function, and the role of microorganisms in industry, agriculture, biotechnology, and disease will be discussed. An independent laboratory project will stress basic microbiological techniques as applied to the isolation, characterization, and identification of microorganisms from the natural environment. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 and CHEM 0103) 3 hrs. lect./4 hrs. lab./1 hr. prelab. SCI (G. Spatafora)

BIOL 0314 Molecular Genetics (Spring 2014)
This course will focus on the structure and function of nucleic acids in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Lectures will center on molecular mechanisms of mutation, transposition, and recombination, the regulation of gene expression, and gene control in development, immune diversity and carcinogenesis. Readings from the primary literature will complement the textbook and classroom discussions. The laboratory will provide training in both classic and contemporary molecular-genetic techniques including nucleic acid isolation and purification, cloning, electroporation, nick-translation, Southern/Northern blotting, DNA sequencing, PCR and RT-PCR. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 or waiver) 3 hrs. lect./4 hrs. lab./1 hr. prelab. SCI  (G. Spatafora)

BIOL 0323 Plant Community Ecology (Spring 2014)
This course will explore the structure and dynamics of plant communities, with a particular emphasis on temperate forest communities. We will investigate patterns in community diversity and structure, explore how plant populations and plant communities respond to environmental disturbances, and investigate the effects of anthropogenic influences (climate change, introduced species, habitat conversion) on plant communities. Labs will emphasize fieldwork at local research sites, and will provide exposure to techniques of experimental design in plant ecology and basic approaches to describing plant community structure and dynamics. (BIOL 0140) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. CW (8 spaces), SCI  (D. Allen)

BIOL 0330 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Spring 2014)
Many microorganisms have the potential to cause disease. An understanding of the mechanisms that promote bacterial pathogenesis is therefore essential for the development of effective disease prevention and/or treatment strategies. This course will explore the mechanisms by which microbial pathogens adhere to, invade, and persist in the human host. While an emphasis will be placed on microbial mechanisms of disease, the host response to the infectious process will also be discussed. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) 3 hrs lect./disc. SCI  (G. Spatafora)

BIOL/NSCI 0370 Animal Physiology (Fall 2013)
This course examines the body functions of animals and humans using general physiological principles and a comparative approach. Lectures will cover the function of each of the major physiological systems (nervous, endocrine, muscular, etc.) and will describe how animal physiology has been shaped by evolution to allow animals to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. Lectures will focus mainly on physiological processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Occasional journal article discussions will provide case studies of current topics in animal physiology. Laboratory exercises, reports and oral presentations emphasize experimental design, analysis and independent study using various methodological approaches including electrophysiology, neurotransmitter manipulations, nutritional analysis, and exercise physiology. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 or BIOL 0216). 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. SCI (G. Ernstrom)

BIOL 0392 Conservation Biology (Spring 2014)
This course will focus on advanced topics in applied ecology and population genetics as they relate to the protection and restoration of biological integrity in the natural world. Emphasis will be placed on in-depth exploration of current issues, such as the design of nature reserves, genetic and demographic factors associated with population decline, metapopulation analysis, connectivity, and large-scale ecological processes. This course will involve reading from the primary literature, discussion, computer modeling, and writing assignments, and will build upon the information presented in the prerequisite course. (BIOL 0140) SCI  (S. Trombulak)

BIOL/NSCI 0420 Neurogenetics (Fall 2013)
Genetics is the study of how biological information encoded in our genes is transmitted between generations, how the information is preserved, how it mutates, and how it is translated; that is to say heredity. Neurobiology is the study of how neurons work, individually and within a network of other neurons. Advances in genetics have revolutionized our approach to studying biology at all levels of organization, and advances in neurobiology have opened the way to understanding the last frontier of human physiology: the brain. In this course we will examine how a genetics perspective can aid our understanding of complex neural systems. While we will encounter several cell biological approaches to studying neurons, the focus will be on genetic questions and methodologies of how neurons work to produce sensation and behavior. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) 3 hrs. lect./disc. SCI  (G. Ernstrom)

BIOL 0450 Topics in Reproductive Medicine (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the fundamentals of human reproduction and modern reproductive intervention strategies. Rapid discoveries in medical technologies have allowed us to push the limits of the human body, and we will explore the scientific and medical challenges that surround the control of fertility and infertility, fetal life, birth, and the neonatal period. Through critical review of the primary literature, writing, and informed dialogues, students will gain an understanding of key topics in reproductive medicine. (BIOL 0145 and one other 0200 or 0300-level biology course, or by waiver) SCI (C. Combelles)

BIOL/NSCI 0475 Neuroplasticity (Spring 2014)
In order for the brain to encode, process, and retain new information, it must constantly change. Neuroplasticity refers to this capacity of the central nervous system to modify its organization in response to endogenous or environmental stimuli. In this course we will discuss the molecular and cellular basis of multiple forms of neuroplasticity within the adult brain (e.g., LTP, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis) and examine how neuroplasticity contributes to learning and memory, neural regeneration following injury, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression). (BIOL 0216 or BIOL 0370 or PSYC 301) 3hrs. sem. SCI  (M. Spritzer)

BIOL 0490 Seminar in Plant Ecology (Spring 2014)
Global climate change has led to a huge effort to collect data on the state of the planet, including measurements of temperature, atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, and species distributions and phenologies. Ecologists have never had access to such quantities of data, and thus need new methods for their description and analysis. In this course we will explore how to use statistical models to make sense of these data: how to develop, choose, and fit the best model for a particular data set. The course will be project-based, culminate in an independent project, and use the statistical software, R. (BIOL 0140 and one statistics course required, no R experience required.) 3 hrs. sem./3 hrs. lab DED, SCI  (D. Allen)

BIOL 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course students complete individual projects involving laboratory and/or field research or extensive library study on a topic chosen by the student and a faculty advisor. Prior to registering for BIOL 0500, a student must have discussed and agreed upon a project topic with a member of the Biology Department faculty. Additional requirements include participation in weekly meetings with disciplinary sub-groups and attending all Biology Department seminars. This course is not open to seniors; seniors should enroll in BIOL 0700. (Approval required) 3 hrs. disc. (Staff)

BIOL 0700 Senior Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course students complete individual projects involving laboratory and/or field research or extensive library study on a topic chosen by the student and a faculty advisor. Prior to registering for BIOL 0700, a student must have discussed and agreed upon a project topic with a member of the Biology Department faculty. Additional requirements include participation in weekly meetings with disciplinary sub-groups and attending all Biology Department seminars. (Approval required; open only to seniors) 3 hrs. disc. (Staff)

BIOL 0701 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Seniors majoring in Biology who have completed one or more semesters of BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 and who plan to complete a thesis should register for BIOL 0701. In this course students will produce a written thesis, deliver a public presentation of the research on which it is based, and present an oral defense of the thesis before a committee of at least three faculty members. Additional requirements include participation in weekly meetings with disciplinary sub-groups and attending all Biology Department seminars. Open to Biology and joint Biology/Environmental Studies majors. (BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700; Approval required) 3 hrs. disc. (Staff)

Chemistry & Biochemistry
I. Majors: Students can elect to major in chemistry, biochemistry, environmental studies chemistry (joint major), or molecular biology and biochemistry.

II. Course Requirements:
Chemistry: MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110*, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0241, CHEM 0242, CHEM 0311, and either CHEM 0351 or CHEM 0355, and two electives chosen, with an advisors approval, from 0200-, 0300- or 0400- courses the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department or GEOL 0323. Independent study courses (CHEM 0400, CHEM 0500, CHEM 0700, or CHEM 0701) cannot count as electives.
     Honors in Chemistry: MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110*, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0241, CHEM 0242, CHEM 0311, CHEM 0312, CHEM 0351, CHEM 0355, CHEM 0431, CHEM 0400, CHEM 0701.
     Biochemistry: MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110*, CHEM 0103*,CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0241, CHEM 0242, CHEM 0313, CHEM 0322, and two electives chosen, with an advisors approval, from 0200-,0300- or 0400-level courses in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department or BIOL 0314. Independent study courses (CHEM 0400, CHEM 0500, CHEM 0700, or CHEM 0701) cannot count as electives.
     Honors in Biochemistry: MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110*, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0241, CHEM 0242, CHEM 0311, CHEM 0313, CHEM 0322, CHEM 0355, CHEM 0425, CHEM 0400, CHEM 0701.
     Environmental Studies--Chemistry: See Program in Environmental Studies. http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/es
     Molecular Biology and Biochemistry: See Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/mbb
*Students may receive credit for courses indicated by an asterisk with a satisfactory score on the advanced placement examination for that subject. Students who have scored a 4 or 5 on the advanced placement examination in chemistry are awarded a course credit for CHEM 0103 and may enroll in CHEM 0107 (strongly encouraged) or CHEM 0104. Students who do not have an AP score of 4 or 5, but have a strong background in chemistry should take the department’s online placement examination (moodle.middlebury.edu) to determine if they are prepared for CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107. Those students who achieve a satisfactory score on the placement examination will be encouraged to register for CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, but will not receive credit for CHEM 0103.
III. Independent Research and Senior Thesis Program: Many students participate in independent research (CHEM 0500 or CHEM 0700) or complete senior thesis projects (CHEM 0400 and CHEM 0701). Students who are interested in completing a senior thesis project should meet with their academic advisor for guidance in seeking a research advisor no later than winter term of their junior year. Although required for departmental honors, students may also participate in the senior thesis program without pursuing honors and the associated coursework.
IV. Eligibility for Honors in Chemistry or Biochemistry: Students who successfully complete the honors course work including the senior thesis program with a minimum grade point average of 3.20 are awarded departmental honors. High Honors may be awarded at the discretion of the department and the thesis committee to students who demonstrate exceptional achievement in both the thesis program and departmental course work.
V. Recommended Programs of Study: Several coursework options for students considering chemistry or biochemistry as a major are shown below. Although students may deviate from these guides, it is strongly recommended that all prospective majors complete CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107 by the end of their first year.

Chemistry
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0241, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0242, PHYS 0110

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0311, CHEM 0351*
Spring: *(OR CHEM 0355)

Senior Year:
Fall: elective
Spring: elective

Biochemistry
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0241, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0242, PHYS 0110

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0322
Spring: CHEM 0313

Senior Year:
Fall: elective
Spring: elective

Chemistry with honors
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0241, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0242, PHYS 0110

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0311, CHEM 0351
Spring: CHEM 0312, CHEM 0355

Senior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0400, CHEM 0431
Spring: CHEM 0701

Biochemistry with honors
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0241, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0242, PHYS 0110

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0311, CHEM 0322
Spring: CHEM 0313, CHEM 0355

Senior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0400, CHEM 0425
Spring: CHEM 0701

CHEM 0103 General Chemistry I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Major topics will include atomic theory and atomic structure; chemical bonding; stoichiometry; introduction to chemical thermodynamics. States of matter; solutions and nuclear chemistry. Laboratory work deals with testing of theories by various quantitative methods. Students with strong secondary school preparation are encouraged to consult the department chair for permission to elect CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107 in place of this course. CHEM 0103 is also an appropriate course for a student with little or no prior preparation in chemistry who would like to learn about basic chemical principles while fulfilling the SCI or DED distribution requirement. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab, 1 hr. disc. DED, SCI (Fall 2013: J. Byers; Spring 2014: R. Bunt)

CHEM 0104 General Chemistry II (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Major topics include chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid-base equilibria, chemical thermodynamics, electrochemistry, descriptive inorganic chemistry, and coordination chemistry. Lab work includes inorganic synthesis, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis in kinetics, acid-base and redox chemistry. (CHEM 0103 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab, 1 hr. disc. DED, SCI (Fall 2013: S. Choi; Spring 2014: J. Larrabee)

CHEM 0107 Advanced General Chemistry (Fall 2013)
This course is a one-semester alternative to one year of general chemistry (CHEM 0103 and CHEM 0104). It is open to all students who have received a 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement test in Chemistry. Students who have two or more years of high school chemistry without AP credit may enroll with permission of the instructor. Topics will be drawn from the traditional general chemistry curriculum, but discussed in greater detail with a more thorough mathematical treatment. Special emphasis will be placed on chemical bonding, coordination chemistry, and real world research in chemistry. (AP Chemistry or equivalent.) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab, 1 hr disc. (Approval required) DED, SCI (Staff)

CHEM 0230 Metals in Biology (Fall 2013)
Life depends on the proper functioning of metalated proteins and nucleic acids. In this course we will study the structures and reactivities of metalloproteins and other metallobiomolecules. We will begin with an overview of biological inorganic chemistry that includes metal ions in proteins, metal cofactors, transport and storage of metals, and metals in medicine. We will then proceed to a variety of special topics (e.g., oxygen metabolism, nitrogen fixation, and electron transfer), depending on the specific interests of the students. The textbook will be Biological Inorganic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity by Bertini, Gray, Stiefel, and Valentine. (CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107). SCI (J. Larrabee)

CHEM 0241 Organic Chemistry I (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Topics covered include chemical nomenclature, bonding, structure, acid-base relationships, mechanistically simple reactions, and theoretical aspects of structure determination. Laboratory exercises include hands-on introductions to techniques such as distillation, crystallization, chromatography, polarimetry, and modern spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and IR. (Students must have received a grade of B- or better in CHEM 0104 or 0107) SCI (R. Bunt)

CHEM 0242 Organic Chemistry II (Spring 2014)
A continuation of Organic Chemistry I. Topics covered include mechanistically complex reactions, organic synthesis, and application of molecular orbital theory to reactions. Laboratory exercises focus on synthetic techniques and structure elucidation of complex unknowns. (CHEM 0241) 3 hrs. lect., 4 hrs. lab, 1 hr. disc. SCI (J. Byers)

CHEM 0270 Environmental Chemistry (Spring 2014)
In this course we will investigate fundamental physical and chemical processes within soils, natural waters, and the atmosphere that affect the fate and transport of contaminants. Processes to be studied include dissolution, volatilization, sorption, and transformation reactions. Laboratory experiments will explore laboratory, field, and computational methods for pollution monitoring, contaminant characterization, and prediction of pollution fate and transport. (CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab SCI (M. Costanza-Robinson)

CHEM 0301 Medicinal Chemistry (Spring 2014)
Medicinal chemistry combines organic chemistry with biochemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, medicine, and related fields both to understand disease and to develop new pharmaceutical treatments (i.e., “drugs”). As chemists we try to correlate molecular structure with biological activity. In this course we will survey the major categories of diseases, drug targets, and drugs using a case-study approach.  In addition to one mid-term exam, short oral presentations, and brief written assignments, the course will culminate with small-group based final projects (oral and written) about the design, development, and proposed future directions of pharmaceutical treatments targeting a specific disease.(Formerly CHEM 0441) (CHEM 0242) 3 hrs. lect. (R. Bunt)

CHEM 0311 Instrumental Analysis (Fall 2013)
An introduction to analytical and experimental chemistry with an emphasis on practice and application of modern instrumental methods. Lecture topics will include quantitative analysis, statistics and error analysis, experimental design, and the theory and operation of chemical instrumentation. Laboratory projects will involve use of volumetric glassware, atomic absorption spectrometry, UV/Vis spectrometry, , high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromotagraphy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (CHEM 0242) 3 hr. lect., 6 hrs. lab. (M. Costanza-Robinson, Staff)

CHEM 0312 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory (Spring 2014)
In this course students will carry out experiments in the field of inorganic and physical chemistry and write journal-style reports based on their results. In the first half of the semester students will conduct a multi-step synthesis and characterization of a Mo-Mo complex with a quadruple bond. Students will learn inert atmosphere synthetic techniques and how to use a glove box. The synthesized Mo-Mo complex will be characterized by UV-Vis, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. In the second half of the semester students will conduct two physical chemistry experiments. First students will carry out a kinetic study of the isomerization of the Mo-Mo (alpha to beta or beta to alpha) complex by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, students will obtain the high-resolution IR spectra of acetylene and deuterated acetylene and analyze the rotation-vibration spectra using statistical and quantum mechanics to obtain structural data and interpret the peak intensities. In addition to the laboratory activities, there will be lectures on metal quadruple bonds, principles of UV-Vis , IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and statistical mechanics. (CHEM 0311, CHEM 0351, and CHEM 0355. CHEM 0355 can be taken concurrently.) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab (Staff)

CHEM 0313 Biochemistry Laboratory (Spring 2014)
Experimental biochemistry emphasizing the isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes and the cloning of genes and expression of recombinant protein. Traditional biochemical techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, gel filtration, ion exchange and affinity chromatography, electrophoresis, and immunoblotting will be used in the investigation of several enzymes. Specific experiments will emphasize enzyme purification, enzyme kinetics, and enzyme characterization by biochemical and immunochemical methods. Major techniques in molecular biology will be introduced through an extended experiment that will include DNA purification, polymerase chain reaction, bacterial transformation, DNA sequencing, and the expression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant protein. Class discussions emphasize the underlying principles of the biochemical and molecular techniques employed in the course, and how these experimental tools are improved for particular applications. Laboratory reports stress experimental design, data presentation, and interpretation of results. (CHEM 0322) 2 hrs. lect., 6 hrs. lab. (R. Sandwick)

CHEM 0322 Biochemistry of Macromolecules (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to biochemistry that focuses on the chemical and physical properties of amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Specific topics include the structure and function of proteins, enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, how carbohydrates and lipids contribute to vital cellular and organsimal functions, and informational biochemistry (DNA, RNA, and specific enzymes and processes leading to the production of regulatory RNA and proteins). Specific topics from the primary literature will be explored to illustrate how particular techniques and experimental approaches are used to gain a new understanding of biochemistry and molecular biology. (CHEM 0242) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (R. Sandwick)

CHEM 0351 Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy (Fall 2013)
Quantum theory is developed and applied to atomic structure and molecular bonding. Spectroscopy is examined as an application of quantum theory. (CHEM 0241 co-requisite, MATH 0122 and PHYS 0110, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (S. Choi)

CHEM 0355 Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Chemical and Biological Sciences (Spring 2014)
In this course students will learn the central ideas that frame thermodynamics and kinetics. The application of these ideas to chemical, biological, and the environmental processes will be covered using examples such as refrigerators, heat pumps, fuel cells, bioenergetics, lipid membranes, and catalysts (including enzymes). (PHYS 0109, MATH 0122, CHEM 0242) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr disc. (Staff)

CHEM 0400 Seminar in Chemical Research (Fall 2013)
This seminar provides students with experiences to support the preparation of a senior thesis. As the course involves participation in a mentored laboratory project and the intent to complete a senior thesis, students must make arrangements to work with a faculty advisor prior to gaining approval for course registration. The classroom portion of this seminar focuses on reading the scientific literature, giving effective oral presentations, and writing the thesis introduction. Particular emphasis will be given to computer and technology issues related to oral and written presentations. Participation will normally be followed by registration for CHEM 0500 or CHEM 0700 (winter term and spring). (Senior standing; 0300-level CHEM co-requisite; Approval only) 2 hrs. sem., 12 hrs. lab. (M. Costanza-Robinson)

CHEM 0425 Biochemistry of Metabolism (Fall 2013)
A living organism requires thousands of coordinated individual chemical reactions for life. In this course we will survey the major integrated metabolic pathways of living cells and whole organisms, with particular attention to enzyme mechanisms, as well as the regulation, and integration of metabolism from the molecular to the whole organism level. The synthesis and degradation of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides are investigated, along with the mechanisms of energy flow and cell-to-cell communication. While common metabolic processes are emphasized, unique aspects of metabolism that permit cells to function in unusual niches will also be considered. Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of metabolic processes will be reinforced through an investigation of inborn errors and organic defects that lead to disease. (CHEM 0322) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (R. Sandwick)

CHEM 0431 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Fall 2013)
Atomic structure, bonding theories, and properties applicable to inorganic and organometallic compounds will be developed in depth. Specific topics will include valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, applications of group theory, and reaction mechanisms. (CHEM 0351) 3 hrs. lect. (J. Larrabee)

CHEM 0500 Independent Study Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Individual study for qualified students. (Approval required) (Staff)

CHEM 0700 Senior Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course students complete individual projects involving laboratory research on a topic chosen by the student and a faculty advisor. Prior to registering for CHEM 0700, a student must have discussed and agreed upon a project topic with a faculty member in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department. Attendance at all Chemistry and Biochemistry Department seminars is expected. (Approval required; open only to seniors) (Staff)

CHEM 0701 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students who have initiated research projects in CHEM 0400 and who plan to complete a senior thesis should register for CHEM 0701. Students are required to write a thesis, give a public presentation, and defend their thesis before a committee of at least three faculty members. The final grade will be determined by the department. Attendance at all Chemistry and Biochemistry Department seminars is expected. (CHEM 0400; approval required) (Staff)

Chinese
Full Major:
I. Required Courses:

• CHNS 0101 through CHNS 0302 (or equivalent)
• Four additional courses from among: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370 (At least one of the four must be in pre-modern literature and at least one must be in modern literature or culture. At least one of the four must be at 0300 level course in literature in translation, which ideally should be done before the thesis is completed)
• One Chinese literature or culture course taught in Chinese taken during study abroad (this course must be approved by the Chinese department; at present we approve the courses in literature, film and Hangzhou Studies taught at the Middlebury School in Hangzhou; the Literature, Film and Beijing in transformation courses in Beijing; and the Film & Literature and Kunming Studies courses in Kunming
• CHNS 0411 (the equivalent may be taken in the summer at the Middlebury Chinese School or during study abroad)
• CHNS 0425, CHNS 0426, or CHNS 0412 (the equivalent to CHNS 0412 may be taken at the Middlebury Chinese School, or during study abroad)
• CHNS 0475
• Either CHNS 0700 or CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702

II. Senior Work:
Full majors in Chinese are required to complete either CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 (Senior Honors Thesis) or CHNS 0700 (Senior Essay or Translation Project). CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 is a one-semester plus J-term course that should normally be taken during the fall and J-term. CHNS 0700 is a one-semester course that may be taken during the fall or winter. The Chinese department discourages students from postponing completion of senior work until the final semester of full-time study.
     Joint majors in Chinese are encouraged but not required to do a senior thesis (CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702) or project (CHNS 0700). A joint thesis or project should, when feasible, combine the two fields of study of the joint major.
     All senior work, whether CHNS 0700 or CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702, must include a major focus on work with primary sources in Chinese. All senior work should focus on Chinese literature; qualified students may petition the Chair for permission to do senior work on other aspects of Chinese culture (e.g., film or linguistics).
     Senior Honors Thesis: To be eligible for the CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 Senior Honors Thesis, students majoring in Chinese (full, double or joint) must have completed language study through at least CHNS 0302 (or equivalent), taken at least two Chinese literature/culture courses, and maintained an average of B+ or better in Chinese department courses. Complete guidelines for the completion of the CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 thesis (and the CHNS 0700 project) are available from the Chinese Department.
     Departmental Honors: Both full and joint majors may qualify for honors. Eligibility for departmental honors in Chinese requires completion of a senior honors thesis graded B+ or better and a grade point average of B+ (3.35) or higher in all courses taken that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major as listed above (full) and below (joint), including courses taken in the summer in the Chinese School and/or during study abroad. Only courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy major requirements count toward honors (i.e., courses taken abroad that do not fall into this category do not count) and all such courses count (e.g., if more than four courses toward major requirement {b} are taken, all count). The department may award honors for completion of an exceptionally impressive senior essay or translation project that is graded A if the student has an average of B+ or higher in all qualifying courses (as defined above). High honors will be awarded for a grade point average of 3.5 or higher in all qualifying courses (as define above) and a senior thesis of A- or better. Highest honors are reserved for students who earn a grade of A on the senior thesis and who have an average of 3.75 or higher in all qualifying courses (as defined above).

Joint Major:
I. Required Courses:

• CHNS 0101 through CHNS 0302 (or equivalent);
• Either CHNS 0411 (the equivalent may be taken in the summer at the Middlebury Chinese School or, with prior approval, during study abroad) or CHNS 0425;
• One Chinese literature or culture course taught in Chinese taken during study abroad (must be approved by Chinese department)
• Four additional courses from among: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0426, CHNS 0475, at least one of which must be at the 0300or 0400 level. If you choose to write a Chinese department thesis in literature, you must take at least three Chinese literature courses taught by Chinese department faculty.

Minor:
I. Required Courses:

• CHNS 0101 through CHNS 0302 (or equivalent);
• Three additional courses from among: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0411, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0425, CHNS 0426, CHNS 0475 (one literature or culture course taken abroad may be counted toward this requirement - must be approved by Chinese Department Chair).

International and Global Studies Major with Chinese Language: Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies major section, the Chinese language component of an IGS major requires completion of the following: 1) CHNS 0101 – CHNS 0202 (strongly encouraged to attend Chinese Summer schools, or take CHNS 0301 – 0302); 2) one semester at one of the three C.V. Starr-Middlebury College Schools in China; 3) any two of the following: CHNS 0411, 0412, 0425, 0426, or 0475, upon return from China.

To specialize in Chinese Literature/Culture within the International and Global Studies major: Students must take: any five of the following: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS/LNGT 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0475 (one literature course taken during study abroad may be counted toward this requirement).

CHNS 0101 Beginning Chinese (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to Mandarin (guoyu or putonghua). The course begins with simple words and phrases, the pronunciation and cadences of Mandarin, romanization, Chinese characters, and simple vocabulary items, all taught in the context of practical communication. Sentence patterns and other fundamentals of speaking, reading, and writing will be taught, including both traditional characters (used everywhere before the 1950s and still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong) and simplified characters (used in China). Students should have achieved active command of more than 600 Chinese characters and more than 800 compounds by the end of the sequence CHNS 0101, CHNS 0102, CHNS 0103. 5 hrs. lect., 2 hrs. drill LNG (H. Du, T. Moran, K. Wang)

CHNS 0103 Beginning Chinese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of the fall and winter terms with accelerated introduction of vocabulary, grammar, and sentence patterns designed to facilitate speaking and reading. Toward the end of this semester students will read Huarshang de meiren (Lady in the Painting), a short book written entirely in Chinese. (CHNS 0102 or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect., 2 hrs. drill LNG (Staff)

CHNS 0201 Intermediate Chinese (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to enable the student to converse in everyday Chinese and to read simple texts in Chinese (both traditional and simplified characters). Discussion of assigned readings will be conducted primarily in Chinese. Familiarity with the vocabulary and grammar introduced in CHNS 0101, CHNS 0102, and CHNS 0103 is assumed. Grammatical explanations, written exercises, dictation quizzes, sentence patterns, oral drill, and CD's will accompany assignments. By the completion of CHNS 0202, which follows CHNS 0201 directly, students should be able to read and write approximately 1,200 characters. (CHNS 0103 or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect., 1 hr. drill LNG (C. Reed, K. Wang)

CHNS 0202 Intermediate Chinese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of the first term's work, with the class conducted primarily in Chinese. (CHNS 0201) 5 hrs. lect., 1 hr. drill LNG (C. Reed, H. Yang)

CHNS 0220 Modern China through Literature (in translation) (Spring 2014)
This course, taught in English, is a discussion-based seminar on some of the most significant works of short fiction, novellas, and novels that tell the story of China and the Chinese from the end of the Qing dynasty to the present. Students will gain a better understanding of the history of modern China by studying the works of literature that inspired readers and provoked debate during one hundred years of social reform, revolution, war, civil war, reconstruction, cultural revolution, cultural revival, and economic growth. Our reading will include work by authors such as Lu Xun (Diary of a Madman, 1918), Zhang Ailing (Love in a Fallen City, 1944), Ah Cheng (The Chess King, 1984), Yu Hua (To Live, 1993), and, from Taiwan, Zhu Tianwen (Notes of a Desolate Man, 1999). We will consider the mainstream (socially engaged realism), the avant-garde (varieties of modernism), and popular genres (romance and martial arts), and we will look for answers to the following questions: what has been the place of fiction in China in the modern era and what vision of modern China do we find in its fiction? (No prerequisites) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL LIT (T. Moran)

CHNS/FMMC 0250 Chinese Cinema (Fall 2013)
This course, taught in English, surveys the history of movies in China since the 1930s and also offers an in-depth look at the work of: China's fifth-generation directors of the 1980s and their successors up to the present; Taiwan's new wave; and Hong Kong popular cinema, including martial arts film. Our focus is the screening and discussion of films such as The Goddess (a 1934 silent classic), Stage Sisters (1965; directed by the influential Xie Jin), the controversial Yellow Earth (1984), In the Heat of the Sun (a 1994 break with the conventional representation of the Cultural Revolution), Yang Dechang's masterpiece A One and a Two (2000), and Still Life (Jia Zhangke's 2006 meditation on displacement near the Three Gorges Dam). The course is designed to help students understand the place of cinema in Chinese culture and develop the analytical tools necessary for the informed viewing and study of Chinese film. We will look at everything from art film, to underground film, to recent box office hits. (No prerequisites) One evening film screening per week. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, ART (T. Moran)

CHNS/LNGT 0270Chinese Sociolinguistics (taught in English) (Spring 2014)
Sociolinguistics is mainly concerned with the interaction of language and society. The language situation in China is unique both in the modern world and in human history. We will gain a good understanding of sociolinguistics as a scientific field of inquiry through exploring the Chinese situation in this course. Some of the questions we will ask are: What is Mandarin (Modern Standard) Chinese? Who are "native speakers" of Mandarin? Are most Chinese people monolingual (speaking only one language) or bilingual (speaking two languages) or even multilingual? How many "dialects" are there in China? What is the difference between a "language" and a "dialect"? Are Chinese characters "ideographs", i.e., "pictures" that directly represent meaning and have nothing to do with sound? Why has the pinyin romanization system officially adopted in the 1950s never supplanted the Chinese characters? Why are there traditional and simplified characters? We will also explore topics such as power, register, verbal courtesy, gender and language use. Students are encouraged to compare the Chinese situation with societies that they are familiar with. (One semester of Chinese language study or by waiver) AAL (H. Du)

CHNS 0301 Advanced Chinese (Modern Chinese) (Fall 2013)
This course aims at further development of overall language proficiency through extensive reading of selected texts representing a wide variety of subjects and styles. Classes will be conducted entirely in Chinese except for occasional recourse to English by the instructor to provide a quick solution to problems of definition. The main text will be All Things Considered with supplementary readings selected to help students both continue to work toward competence in conversational Chinese and also begin to master a more sophisticated register of language. (CHNS 0202 or equivalent) 4 hrs. lect. LNG (X. Jiang, K. Wang)

CHNS 0302 Advanced Chinese (Modern Chinese) (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of CHNS 0301 with continued practice in conversational Chinese and a greater emphasis on reading works of a literary nature. (CHNS 0301 or equivalent) 4 hrs. lect. LNG (K. Wang)

CHNS 0325 Traditional Chinese Poetry (in translation) (Spring 2014)
Introducing the basics of Chinese poetics, this junior/sophomore discussion-based seminar explores inter-connections across a wide spectrum of Chinese poetry belonging to a vibrant tradition spanning more than two thousand years--folk songs; court rhapsodies; courtesan love poems; extended allegorical fantasies; ballads and lyric verse of love, war, friendship, loss, and separation. Landscape, travel, romantic and metaphysical poems by masters such as Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo and Li Qingzhao will be studied. We will analyze poetic expression ranging from poetic genres following strict formal conventions to relatively free-form verse. Traditional Chinese literary theories regarding poetry and its appreciation will be considered, yet students will also be encouraged to apply other critical approaches. (Either CHNS 0219 or CHNS 0220, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect. AAL (C. Reed)

CHNS 0370 Traditional Chinese Novels (in translation) (Fall 2013)
This seminar focuses on pre-modern Chinese full-length novels, which rose and matured during the Ming-Qing period. Students will read the "masterworks" of this genre, including Three Kingdoms (the epic deeds of heroes of the Chinese civil war of the second and third centuries), Outlaws of the Marsh (picaresque tales of Chinese Robin Hoods, as it were), The Journey to the West (a comic Buddhist-Daoist allegory better known in English as Monkey), The Plum in the Golden Vase (an erotic novel of manners), The Scholars (a social satire), and The Story of the Stone-The Dream of the Red Chamber (widely recognized as a masterpiece of world literature); all are beloved and long treasured by the Chinese. We will not only trace the evolution of classical Chinese novels and consider their literary significance and artistic value; the course will also aim to provide a richer and deeper understanding of traditional China, her history, society, culture, worldviews, beliefs, sense of humor, etc. (CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, or CHNS 0250, or two Middlebury literature courses, or by approval of the instructor. CHNS 0219 strongly recommended.) AAL (W. Xu)

CHNS 0400 Advanced Readings, Conversation, and Writing (Modern Chinese) (in Chinese) (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to improve students' competency in highly pragmatic Chinese, spoken and written. Readings and discussion will cover a wide variety of contemporary materials with an emphasis on linguistic preparation for study in China. (CHNS 0302 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect. LNG (X. Jiang)

CHNS 0411 Classical Chinese I (in Chinese) (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to wenyan, the written language of traditional China. In this course we will emphasize comprehension of the literal and metaphorical meanings of short wenyan texts. Our approach will include grammatical analysis and baihua translation (i.e., from the Classical Chinese into modern Chinese); discussion will be conducted entirely in baihua. This course begins the two-semester sequence of Classical Chinese, which not only introduces students to wenyan but also provides a vital learning experience for any student seeking to attain a high level of linguistic and cultural proficiency in Chinese, including modern written discourse. (CHNS 0302 or the equivalent) 3 hrs. lect. LNG (W. Xu)

CHNS 0412 Classical Chinese II (in Chinese) (Spring 2014)
A continuation of CHNS 0411. In this course students will read a wide selection of wenyan texts that sample the classics of ancient Chinese thought, including Confucius' Analects, the Daoist texts Laozi and Zhuangzi, Mohist arguments against war, Sunzi's The Art of War, and Legalist writings on law. Students will also learn to punctuate wenyan texts (which were originally unpunctuated) and compose sentences or short paragraphs in wenyan. All class discussion will be conducted in modern Chinese. (CHNS 0411 or the equivalent) 3 hrs. lect. LNG (W. Xu)

CHNS 0425 Contemporary Social Issues in China: Advanced Readings (in Chinese) (Fall 2013)
A survey of materials written in modern expository Chinese (academic, journalistic and polemical) that focus on the cultural, political, economic, and social issues of contemporary China. This advanced readings course is designed primarily for seniors who have already spent a semester or more studying and living in China or Taiwan. Emphasis will be given to further developing students' ability to read, analyze, and discuss complex issues in Mandarin while also advancing proficiency in writing and in oral comprehension. Oral reports and written compositions will be integral to the course's requirements. (Approval Required) 3 hrs. lect. AAL, LNG (H. Du, H. Yang)

CHNS 0426 Politics and Business in China: Advanced Readings and Discussion (in Chinese) (Spring 2014)
The capstone course for those students who have attained a high level of Chinese language proficiency. The goal of this course is to help students improve their ability to read, write, and talk about politics and business in China. Most of this course will focus on recent and current debate and discussion in China over domestic political programs and policies, international relations, and business trends. Discussion will also touch upon the political and economic history of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan. We will read articles intended for popular audiences in the Chinese-speaking world. 3 hrs. lect. (CHNS 0425 or CHNS 0411 or study abroad in China) AAL, LNG (Staff)

CHNS 0475 Senior Seminar on Modern Chinese Literature (in Chinese) (Spring 2014)
A capstone course for all Chinese majors and for others who have attained a high level of Chinese language proficiency. Students will read and critique works by major Chinese fiction writers (and sometimes playwrights) and also see and discuss films from mainland China, Hong Kong, and/or Taiwan. All reading, discussion, and critical writing will be in Chinese. (CHNS 0412 or CHNS 0425) 3 hrs. lect. LNG (W. Xu)

CHNS 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CHNS 0700 Essay (Fall 2013, Winter 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CHNS 0701 Senior Thesis Research (Fall 2013)
Approval required. (Staff)

CHNS 0702 Senior Thesis  (Winter 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Classics & Classical Studies
Required for the major in Classics:
A. Ten courses in two languages: Greek and Latin (normally six in one language and four in another) including one senior seminar (CLAS 0420).
B. CLAS 0150 Ancient Epic Poetry
C. Two additional courses in classics in translation, one from each of the following categories: 
1. CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece or CLAS 0151 Introduction to Ancient Greek Literature or CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy or CLAS 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates
2. CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome or CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome or CLAS 0143 The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic or CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman Empire or CLAS 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy

D. CLAS 0701 History of Classical Literature: General Examination for Classics/Classical Studies Majors
     Optional: CLAS 0700 Senior Essay (fall/winter or winter/spring), CLAS 0505 Independent Senior Project (fall or spring). (Note: Students who wish to do an optional senior essay or independent senior project must secure the sponsorship of a member of the classics department in the semester before the essay or project is to be undertaken.)
     Honors: B average or better in courses taken for the major. B+ or better in the Senior Seminar (CLAS 0420) and in General Examination. (Note: A student who does an optional senior essay or independent senior project may, by arrangement with the chair in the semester prior to undertaking the project, offer that grade in lieu of the grade for CLAS 0420 for the calculation of departmental honors.)
     Required for the Minor in Classics: The minor in classics may be configured in one of the following four ways:
1. Latin CLLA: Five courses in Latin
2. Greek CLGR: Five courses in Greek
3. Classical Civilization CLCC: Five courses, as follows: three or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0131, CLAS/HIST 0132, CLAS 0140, CLAS 0143, CLAS 0144, CLAS 0149, CLAS/CMLT 0150, CLAS 0151, CLAS 0152, CLAS/CMLT 0190,  CLAS/CMLT 0230, CLAS/THEA 0250, , CLAS/PHIL 0275, CLAS/PHIL 0276, CLAS/HIST 0331, CLAS/HIST 0332, or CLAS/HIST 0337; and CLAS 0420 or CLAS 0450 (or both)
4. Classical Language and Civilization CLCL: Five courses, as follows: two or more courses in Latin or Greek; one or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0131, CLAS/HIST 0132, CLAS 0140, CLAS 0143, CLAS 0144, CLAS 0149, CLAS/CMLT 0150, CLAS 0151, CLAS 0152, , CLAS/CMLT 0190, CLAS/LITP 0230, CLAS/RELI 0262, INTD 0250, CLAS/PHIL 0275 or CLAS 0276; and one or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0331, CLAS/HIST 0332, CLAS/HIST 0337, CLAS 0420, or CLAS/CMLT 0450
     AP credit policy: One course credit toward graduation, not toward the major or minor, will be granted for one AP exam in Latin under the following conditions: a) The student has received a grade of 4 or 5 on the AP exam, and b) The student has completed an advanced course (LATN 0201 or above) in Latin at Middlebury with a grade of B or above. (Note: No more than one course credit will be granted, whether the student presents one or two AP exams.)
     Study Abroad Guidelines: Study abroad in the Mediterranean can enrich our majors' experience of the ancient world, because it affords them the opportunity to see the places that they have been learning about in the classroom. Students also find it stimulating to be surrounded by people with similar interests from other institutions. Thus, while our curriculum does not in any way necessitate study abroad, the faculty is happy to work with students who wish to pursue it as part of their Middlebury degree in classics or classical studies.
     For those students who want to go abroad, we strongly recommend a semester rather than a year. The three programs we endorse are the ICCS (the Inter-Collegiate Consortium for Classical Studies in Rome), CYA (College Year in Athens), and Arcadia (also in Athens), all of which offer semester-long programs. Admission to the ICCS in particular, however, is highly competitive, and students may have a compelling academic rationale for studying elsewhere. Accordingly, we have also approved students who wished to study for a semester at foreign universities with strong classics departments. These have included Trinity College Dublin, the University of Edinburgh, Cambridge University, and the University of Vienna. For some students, a rewarding alternative to study abroad during the academic year has been participation in a summertime archaeological excavation.
     We discourage students from going abroad before they have had at least three semesters of whichever ancient language(s) they are learning. As part of their program of study abroad, students normally take at least one course in each ancient language of study, and select additional courses that are appropriate substitutes for courses in the major. In order to be fully prepared for senior work, however, students will need to have completed a significant portion of the courses required for the major, in particular CLAS/CMLT 0150, before going abroad.
     Generally speaking, we are as flexible as we can be in helping majors to identify courses in programs abroad that allow them to stay in step with their cohort in Middlebury and to be prepared for senior work. Unless we are familiar with the institution, the instruction, and the content of the courses, we rarely grant credit to non-majors for classics courses taken away from Middlebury. In all cases (majors, non-majors, potential majors, and minors), students must consult with a member of the classics department before leaving Middlebury to plan and receive approval for work done at other institutions.
Required for the major in Classical Studies (CLST):
A. The following:
     1. CLAS/CMLT 0150 Ancient Epic Poetry
     2. CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece or CLAS 0151 The Golden Age of Athens: History and Literature or CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy or CLAS/CMLT 0190 Greek and
         Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates
     3. CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome or CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome or
         CLAS 0143 Texts & Contexts in Republican Rome or CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman
         Empire or CLAS/CMLT 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman   
         Philosophy
B. Five additional courses in Classical Studies chosen from the following:
CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece
CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome
CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome
CLAS 0143 The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic
CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman Empire
CLAS 0149 Rhetoric and Politics from Ancient Greece and Rome to the Present
CLAS 0151 The Golden Age of Athens: History and Literature
CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy
CLAS/CMLT 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy
CLAS/CMLT 0230 Myth and Contemporary Experience
CLAS/HARC 0234 Ancient Roman City: Pompeii and Beyond
CLAS/HARC 0236 Cities of Vesuvius
CLAS/THEA 0250 Greek Drama in Performance
CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates
CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy
CLAS/HIST 0331 Sparta and Athens
CLAS/HIST 0332 Roman Law
CLAS/HIST 0337 From Alexander to Rome
HARC 0213 Roman Art and Architecture
HARC 0221 Greek Art and Archaeology
HARC 0223 The Classical Tradition in Architecture: A History
MATH 0261 History of Mathematics
PHIL 0201 Ancient Greek Philosophy
PHIL 0302 Philosophy of Plato
PHIL 0303 Philosophy of Aristotle
PSCI 0101 Introduction to Political Science
PSCI 0317 Ancient and Medieval Political Philosophy
PSCI 0409 Seminar in Political Philosophy
RELI 0381/CLAS 0308 Seminar in the New Testament
RELI 0387 Seminar on the Religions of Rome

C. Four courses in Greek or four courses in Latin chosen from:
GREK 0101 Beginning Greek I
GREK 0102 Beginning Greek II
GREK 0201 Intermediate Greek: Prose
GREK 0202 Intermediate Greek: Poetry
GREK 0301 Readings in Greek Literature I
GREK 0302 Readings in Greek Literature II
GREK 0401 Advanced Readings in Greek Literature I
GREK 0402 Advanced Readings in Greek Literature II
LATN 0101 Beginning Latin I
LATN 0102 Beginning Latin II
LATN 0110 Introduction to College Latin
LATN 0201 Intermediate Latin: Prose
LATN 0202 Intermediate Latin: Poetry
LATN 0301 Readings in Latin Literature I
LATN 0302 Readings in Latin Literature II
LATN 0401 Advanced Readings in Latin I
LATN 0402 Advanced Readings in Latin II

D. CLAS 0420 Seminar in Classical Literature
E. CLAS 0701 History of Classical Literature: General Examination for Classics/Classical Studies Majors
     Optional: CLAS 0700 Senior Essay (fall/ winter/spring); CLAS 0500 Independent Senior Project (fall/winter/spring). (Note: Students who wish to do an optional senior essay or independent senior project must secure the sponsorship of a member of the classics department in the semester before the essay or project is to be undertaken.)
For complete descriptions of the courses listed above, see listings under the appropriate departments.

CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome (Fall 2013)
This course will study Roman history from its origins to Constantine. Particular emphasis will be on the unique characteristics of Roman society, the rise and influence of imperialism, the transition from Republic to Empire, the role of Rome as a Mediterranean power, and the emergence of Christianity. Readings will focus on the ancient sources, all in translation; authors include Polybius, Plutarch, Tacitus, and Eusebius. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. EUR, HIS, LIT (J. Chaplin)

CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome (Spring 2014)
In 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was assassinated. Within two months his adoptive son, Augustus, still in his teens, traveled to Rome, soon extorted the highest office of the Roman Republic, and after 13 years of civil war became the state's first emperor. The resulting "Augustan Age" (31 B.C. to A.D. 14) produced a period of political change and cultural achievement unparalleled in Rome's long history. In this course we will examine the literature, art, history, and politics of this era, evaluate the nature of Augustus's accomplishments, and explore the Roman world. Readings include: Augustus, Vergil, Suetonius, and I, Claudius. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. CW (10 spaces), EUR, HIS, LIT, (R. Ganiban)

CLAS/CMLT 0150 Greek and Roman Epic Poetry (Fall 2013)
Would Achilles and Hector have risked their lives and sacred honor had they understood human life and the Olympian gods as Homer portrays them in the Iliad? Why do those gods decide to withdraw from men altogether following the Trojan War, and why is Odysseus the man Athena chooses to help her carry out that project? And why, according to the Roman poet Vergil, do these gods command Aeneas, a defeated Trojan, to found an Italian town that will ultimately conquer the Greek cities that conquered Troy, replacing the Greek polis with a universal empire that will end all wars of human freedom? Through close study of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and Vergil's Aeneid, we explore how the epic tradition helped shape Greece and Rome, and define their contributions to European civilization. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. CMP, EUR, LIT, PHL (M. Witkin)

CLAS 0151 The Golden Age of Athens: History and Literature (Fall 2013)
In this course we will trace the unprecedented intellectual innovation that begins with Greece’s triumph over the Persian invasions in 490 and 480-479 BC, continues through the emergence of radical democracy and imperialism at Athens, and culminates in the Peloponnesian War and Athens’ defeat in 404 BC by her former ally, Sparta. Through intensive study of selected works of historiography (Herodotus, Thucydides), tragedy (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides), comedy (Aristophanes), and philosophy (Plato), we will explore the central concerns of 5th-century Athenians: freedom and power, knowledge and virtue, law and nature, and the place of the divine in the human world. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. EUR, HIS, LIT (P. Sfyroeras)

CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates (Fall 2013)
Why did Socrates “call philosophy down from the heavens, set her in the cities of men and also their homes, and compel her to ask questions about life and morals and things good and evil”? Why was philosophy indifferent to man, then considered dangerous to men when it did pay attention? How was philosophy ultimately transformed by Plato and Aristotle as a consequence of the examination of human knowledge that Socrates made intrinsic to philosophy? In this course we will consider the central questions of ancient Greek philosophy from the pre-Socratics through Plato and Aristotle by focusing on what Nietzsche called "the Problem of Socrates": why Socrates abandoned "pre-Socratic" natural science in order to examine the opinions of his fellow Athenians, and why they put him to death for corruption and impiety. Texts will include selected fragments of the pre-Socratics and sophists, works of Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, and Nietzsche. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT, PHL (M. Witkin)

CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy (Spring 2014)
In this course we will seek to answer the question of what is Roman philosophy - philosophia togata. Is it simply Greek philosophy in Roman dress? Or, while based in its Greek origins, does it grow to have a distinctive and rigorous character of its own, designed and developed to focus on uniquely "Roman" questions and problems, in particular, ethical, social, and political questions? We will investigate how some of the main schools of Hellenistic Greek thought came to be developed in Latin: Epicureanism (Lucretius), Academic Skepticism (Cicero), and Stoicism (Seneca). As we read we will investigate how each school offers different answers to crucial questions such as what is the goal of life? What is the highest good? Should one take part in politics or not? What is the nature of the soul? What is the nature of Nature itself? Is there an afterlife? Can we ever have a certain answer to any of these questions? 3hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. EUR, PHL (C. Star)

CLAS/HIST 0332 Roman Law (Spring 2014)
The Romans' codification of civil law is often considered their greatest intellectual achievement and most original and influential contribution to the world. This course treats the four main divisions of Roman law (persons, property, obligations, and succession). Great emphasis is placed on the role of law in Roman society. How did the law influence the lives of Roman citizens living under it? How did ordinary Roman citizens shape the law? Students will come to understand the principles of Roman law through actual cases. Designed for students with some background in Roman history and/or literature. 2 hrs. lect., 1 disc. EUR, HIS (J. Chaplin)

CLAS 0420 Senior Seminar in Classical Literature: The Humanism of Herodotus (Spring 2014)
Herodotus (485-424 BC), “the Father of History,” is also regarded as the first sociologist and ethnographer. The plan and argument of his work, however, including its many fantastic stories, disclose a philosophic intention that resists easy categorization. Herodotus’ subject is the “Greek miracle”: how the tiny and fractious cities of Greece took concerted action against the overwhelming might of the Persian kings who invaded Greece in 490 and 479 BC. This unlikely triumph of political freedom and limited government over despotic empire is told against the background of the Afro-Asiatic origins of Greek civilization, which Herodotus uncovers in wide-ranging investigations of the customs and religions of Greece, Lydia, Media, Persia, Egypt, Libya, and Scythia. In this course we will pursue a close reading of Herodotus in translation; the seminar is open to all students with some previous background in Greek and/or Roman literature. EUR, LIT, PHL (M. Witkin)

CLAS/CMLT 0450 History of Classical Literature (Fall 2013)
A comprehensive overview of the major literary, historical, and philosophical works of Greece and Rome. Greek authors studied include Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Herodotus, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Plato, and Aristotle. Roman authors include Lucretius, Cicero, Livy, Vergil, Petronius, and Tacitus. Required of senior majors in Classics/Classical Studies (see CLAS 0701 below) and open to all interested students with some background in Greek and Roman literature, history, or philosophy. 3 hrs. lect. (R. Ganiban)

CLAS 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CLAS 0505 Independent Senior Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CLAS 0700 Senior Essay for Classics/Classical Studies Majors (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CLAS 0701 History of Classical Literature (Fall 2013)
A comprehensive overview of the major literary, historical, and philosophical works of Greece and Rome. Greek authors studied include Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Herodotus, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Plato, and Aristotle. Roman authors include Lucretius, Cicero, Livy, Vergil, Petronius, and Tacitus. Required of senior majors in Classics/Classical Studies and open to all interested students with some background in Greek and Roman literature, history, or philosophy. 3 hrs. lect. (R. Ganiban)

GREK 0102 Beginning Greek II (Spring 2014)
This course completes the introductory course offered in Winter Term and will conclude by reading one of Plato's philosophical dialogues. 6 hrs. lect. LNG (M. Witkin)

GREK 0301 Readings in Greek Literature I (Fall 2013)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. LIT, LNG (R. Ganiban)

GREK 0302 Readings in Greek Literature II (Spring 2014)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. LIT, LNG (P. Sfyroeras)

LATN 0110 Introduction to College Latin (Fall 2013)
This course is designed for students with one to four years of high school Latin who are interested in continuing their study of the language. The course combines review of grammar and practice in translation; the aim is to improve reading skills and understanding of the language. Students may expect to join a 0200- or 0300-level Latin course the following spring. We will use both a textbook and readings from authors such as Cicero and Livy. (Prerequisites: Students should have had some formal study of Latin and should consult with the instructor during orientation week or the first week of classes to determine whether or not the class is at the appropriate level.) 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LNG (I. Sutherland)

LATN 0201 Intermediate Latin: Prose (Fall 2013)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LNG (J. Chaplin)

LATN 0202 Intermediate Latin: Poetry (Spring 2014)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LNG (C. Star)

LATN 0401 Advanced Readings in Latin I (Fall 2013)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. (C. Star)

LATN 0402 Advanced Readings in Latin II (Spring 2014)
Readings in major authors. 3 hrs. lect. (R. Ganiban)

Comparative Literature Program
Each student in Comparative Literature will put together her or his program with the guidance of two faculty from the two programs or departments and the director of the Comparative Literature Program. The basic structure of the program is as follows:

1. One primary foreign language AND
2. One year of a secondary foreign language OR English/American Literatures

Requirements:
1. CMLT 0101;
2. Three content classes in the primary language, including 2 literary classes and 1 cultural class (e.g. cinema, politics). The choice of particular classes requires the approval of the students three advisors. Students will also need approval for inclusion of study abroad classes in this category;*
3. One year of a second language (completion of 0103 in any language) to be taken before Senior Year, or 3 literature courses in the second language;
OR
ENAM courses: 0201 or 0204; a second pre-1700 (Period I) elective; and two other electives; (These courses may double-count in the electives section);
4. One course in literary theory: suggested in sophomore year;
5. Study abroad required for all students studying a foreign language. Up to 4 courses can be taken abroad. All students studying abroad must take one class in their foreign language after their return;
6. Two electives explicitly comparative in nature: These literature courses may be taught in English. Examples: CLAS 0150; CLAS 0190; CMLT 0230; CMLT 0460; ENAM 0305; GRMN/CMLT 0333; ITAL/CMLT 0299. Suitable classes will be cross-listed and bear the prefix CMLT; and
7. Senior Work: Students will write a 35-page (article-length) comparative essay (advised independently). Students desiring to receive honors must also take a senior seminar in literature in their primary or secondary language.
*In the case of students whose primary language is Arabic, Chinese, Russian, or Japanese, some of these three content courses MAY be taught in English, depending on the availability of suitable courses in the language. Students should be aware that policies regarding acceptance of study abroad courses to satisfy requirements vary widely from department to department.

CMLT 0101 Introduction to World Literature (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to the critical analysis of imaginative literature of the world, the dissemination of themes and myths, and the role of translation as the medium for reaching different cultures. Through the careful reading of selected classic texts from a range of Western and non-Western cultures, students will deepen their understanding and appreciation of the particular texts under consideration, while developing a critical vocabulary with which to discuss and write about these texts, both as unique artistic achievements of individual and empathetic imagination and as works affected by, but also transcending their historical periods. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, CW, LIT (S. Mula, A. Almallah, J. McWilliams)

CMLT/CLAS 0150 Greek and Roman Epic Poetry (Fall 2013)
Would Achilles and Hector have risked their lives and sacred honor had they understood human life and the Olympian gods as Homer portrays them in the Iliad? Why do those gods decide to withdraw from men altogether following the Trojan War, and why is Odysseus the man Athena chooses to help her carry out that project? And why, according to the Roman poet Vergil, do these gods command Aeneas, a defeated Trojan, to found an Italian town that will ultimately conquer the Greek cities that conquered Troy, replacing the Greek polis with a universal empire that will end all wars of human freedom? Through close study of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and Vergil's Aeneid, we explore how the epic tradition helped shape Greece and Rome, and define their contributions to European civilization. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. CMP, EUR, LIT, PHL (M. Witkin)

CMLT/ENAM 0205 Introduction to Contemporary Literary Theory (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will introduce several major schools of contemporary literary theory. By reading theoretical texts in close conjunction with works of literature, we will illuminate the ways in which these theoretical stances can produce various interpretations of a given poem, novel, or play. The approaches covered will include New Criticism, Psychoanalysis, Marxism and Cultural Criticism, Feminism, and Post-Structuralism. These theories will be applied to works by Shakespeare, Wordsworth, The Brontës, Conrad, Joyce, and others. The goal will be to make students critically aware of the fundamental literary, cultural, political, and moral assumptions underlying every act of interpretation they perform. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (Fall 2013: A. Losano; Spring 2014: A. Baldridge)

CMLT/ARBC 0210 Arabia: A Literary Approach (in English) (Spring, 2014)
In this course we will examine the Arabian Peninsula as a literary topos that has beguiled representation in both Eastern and Western literature. Whether it is depicted as a glittering spectacle of petro-dollars, the haunt of Bedouin tribesmen or as a sacred focal point, Arabia is an open canvas on which successive societies have sketched their anxieties and aspirations Simultaneously, Arabia has its own rich legacy of self-representation that has been shaped by its harsh environment and unique resources. We will sift through these representations in texts that range among pre-Islamic poetry, the accounts of foreign explorers, novels by modern Arab authors, and contemporary Bedouin oral poetry. All readings will be in English and no previous knowledge of Arabic is required. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CW, LIT (S. Liebhaber)

CMLT/RELI 0238 Literature and the Mystical Experience (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore how narrative art articulates spiritual perception by examining selected works of 20th century writers such as Miguel De Unamuno, Nikos Kazantzakis, J. D. Salinger, Charles Williams, Flannery O'Connor, Thomas Merton, Alice Munroe, Marilynne Robinson, and Annie Dillard. Drawing on theology and philosophy as an interpretative mode, we will consider the following questions: How does literature illuminate selfhood and interiority? How do contemplation and ascetic practice guide the self to divine knowledge and cosmic unification? How do language, imagery and symbols shape the unitive experience as a tool for empathy and understanding of the other? 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. LIT, NOR, PHL (M. Hatjigeorgiou)

CMLT/ITAL 0299 Literary Feasts: Representations of Food in Modern Narrative (in English) (Spring 2014)
This course will consider food and eating practices within specific cultural and historical contexts. We will analyze realistic, symbolic, religious, erotic, and political functions surrounding the preparation and consumption of food. Readings will be drawn from several national traditions, with a focus on Europe. Authors will include, among others, I. Dinesen, L. Esquivel, J. Harris, E. Hemingway, T. Lampedusa, P. Levi, C. Petrini, M. Pollan, E. Vittorini, and B. Yoshimoto. Viewing of several films where food and eating play an important role will supplement class discussion. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (S. Carletti)

CMLT 0300 History of Translation: Theory and Practice (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the history and practice of the act of translation in a global context. Readings will include selected theoretical works by authors such as Goethe, Benjamin, Borges, Jakobson, Derrida, and Appiah, as well as studies of the specific technical and cultural challenges translators have faced in carrying texts across cultural boundaries. As a final project, students will either attempt their own translation of an artistic text into English (with an accompanying explanation of their translation method) or write a research paper engaging with the theories examined in the course. 3 hrs. sem. CMP (T. Portice)

CMLT/GRMN 0310 Representing the Unthinkable: The Holocaust in Literature (Spring 2014)
Can the Holocaust be described in words? Can images represent the horrors of Auschwitz? In this seminar we will explore the literary and artistic representations of the Shoah, their mechanisms, tensions, and challenges. We will approach the issues of Holocaust representations by considering a significant array of texts that span genres, national literatures, time, narrative and poetic styles, and historical situations. Readings will include theoretical texts on witnessing, memory, post-memory, and trauma by authors such as Sherman Alexie, Jean Amery, Hannah Arendt, Ilan Avisar, Tadeusz Borowski, Paul Celan, Chaim Kaplan, Ruth Kluger, Primo Levi, Bernhard Schlink, Art Spiegelman, Peter Weiss, and Eli Wiesel. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, EUR, LIT (N. Eppelsheimer)

CMLT/ENAM 0325 Chinese Poetry in the Far West (Spring 2014)
This course combines a study of Tang poetry with a survey of its influence on non-Chinese poetry in the modern era. We will emphasize the American context and Ezra Pound as the "inventor of Chinese poetry for our time," as T.S. Eliot memorably put it. In order to give students with no knowledge of Chinese the necessary tools for making the most of a facing-page translation, we will spend a significant portion of the course learning the characters most common to Tang poetry as well as the fundamentals of classical grammar. We will thus read the original poems alongside multiple translations and also discuss loose adaptations in "Chinese" modes. Theoretical questions concerning the nature of intercultural adaptation and globalization will be a constant concern. Readings will include numerous Chinese and American poets, and also extensive critical theory. For students with no knowledge of Chinese. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, LIT (T. Billings)

CMLT/CLAS 0450 History of Classical Literature (Fall 2013)
A comprehensive overview of the major literary, historical, and philosophical works of Greece and Rome. Greek authors studied include Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Herodotus, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Plato, and Aristotle. Roman authors include Lucretius, Cicero, Livy, Vergil, Petronius, and Tacitus. Required of senior majors in Classics/Classical Studies (see CLAS 0701) and open to all interested students with some background in Greek and Roman literature, history, or philosophy. 3 hrs. lect. (R. Ganiban)

CMLT 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Computer Science
Computer Science is a rich and dynamic discipline that seeks to understand and use effectively the great potential of computing. The Department of Computer Science offers a wide variety of courses that integrate computer science into the liberal arts curriculum. The major can be completed through either of two tracks. The traditional track provides students with a solid background in algorithmic reasoning, problem solving, design and organization of modern computers and programming languages, and the ability to apply computational thinking to different applications and problem domains. The spatial and geometric computation track teaches students to apply computational and algorithmic approaches to spatial, geometric, and geographic problems. Students completing the major through this track will receive a solid background in computer science including algorithms and data structures, and will then practice applying this knowledge to spatial and geometric problem domains.
     Required for the Major in Computer Science, traditional track (11 courses): One CSCI course at the 0100-level; CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202, CSCI 0301, CSCI 0302; two courses from among CSCI 0311, CSCI 0312, CSCI 0313, CSCI 0314; the senior seminar CSCI 0702; and two additional CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above. One elective can be substituted with MATH 0200 or PHYS 0221.
     Required for the Major in Computer Science, Spatial and Geometric Computation track (11 courses): One CSCI course at the 0100-level (CSCI 0190 is recommended); CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0302, the senior seminar CSCI 0702 (with a topic pertaining to spatial computation); one elective among CSCI 0425, CSCI 0453, CSCI 0461; two additional CSCI electives numbered 0202 or above; and three additional electives. At least two electives must come from the following list and from the same discipline: MATH 0200, MATH 0335, GEOG 0100, GEOG 0120, GEOG 0231, GEOG 0325 (formerly GEOG 0310), GEOG 0339, HARC 0130, HARC 0231. The third elective may be taken from the preceding list or from any CSCI courses numbered 0300 or above
     Senior Project: All majors and joint majors must complete the senior seminar CSCI 0702 during the senior year. In this course they will complete a major capstone project, which can take the form of either a senior thesis supervised by a member of the department, or a group programming project approved by the computer science faculty.
     Departmental Honors: Required for honors are: 1. an extra elective at the 0300-level or higher; 2. participation in department extra-curricular or service activities such as tutoring, grading, sys-admin work, student-faculty research, or programming competitions; and 3. a major GPA of at least 3.5 for honors, 3.7 for high honors, and 3.9 for highest honors.
     Required for the Minor in Computer Science (6 courses): One CSCI course at the 0100-level; CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202, and two CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above.
     Joint Majors: The computer science component of a joint major requires: One CSCI course at the 0100-level, CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202; one course from CSCI 0301 and CSCI 0302; two CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above; and CSCI 0702.
     Advanced Placement and Waivers: First-year students whose secondary preparation indicates they can bypass one or more beginning courses should speak to a faculty member to determine the appropriate first course. College credit is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the AP computer science A exam. CSCI 0200 may be waived for students who have completed MATH 0310 or MATH 0318 or both MATH 0200 and MATH 0247, or in consultation with the department chair.

CSCI 0101 The Computing Age (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course we will provide a broad introductory overview of the discipline of computer science, with no prerequisites or assumed prior knowledge of computers or programming. A significant component of the course is an introduction to algorithmic concepts and to programming using Python; programming assignments will explore algorithmic strategies such as selection, iteration, divide-and-conquer, and recursion, as well as introducing the Python programming language. Additional topics will include: the structure and organization of computers, the Internet and World Wide Web, abstraction as a means of managing complexity, social and ethical computing issues, and the question "What is computation?" 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (Fall 2013: Staff; Spring 2014: A. Das)

CSCI 0150 Computing for the Sciences (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course we will provide an introduction to the field of computer science geared towards students interested in mathematics and the natural sciences. We will study problem-solving approaches and computational techniques utilized in a variety of domains including biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Students will learn how to program in Python and other languages, how to extract information from large data sets, and how to utilize a common technique employed in scientific computation. The course has no prerequisites and assumes no prior experience with programming or computer science. 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (D. Kauchak)

CSCI 0190 Computer Models and Multi-Agent Simulation (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore agent-based computer models and simulations as a means of studying phenomena from both biological and social sciences. Agent-based simulation will then be used as a basis for introducing individual-based modeling and complex adaptive systems. A significant amount of time will be spent teaching the NetLogo programming language as a software tool for developing simulations. We will also introduce some of the important topics in the discipline of computer science, including algorithmic reasoning and data abstraction. No prior experience in programming is assumed. This course counts as an environmental studies lab science cognate. 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (M. Dickerson)

CSCI 0200 Mathematical Foundations of Computing (Spring 2014)
In this course we will provide an introduction to the mathematical foundations of computer science, with an emphasis on formal reasoning. Topics will include propositional and predicate logic, sets, functions, and relations; basic number theory; mathematical induction and other proof methods; combinatorics, probability, and recurrence relations; graph theory; and models of computation. (One CSCI course at the 0100-level previously or concurrently; formerly CSCI 0102) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (Staff)

CSCI 0201 Data Structures (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course we will study the ideas and structures helpful in designing algorithms and writing programs for solving large, complex problems. The Java programming language and object-oriented paradigm are introduced in the context of important abstract data types (ADTs) such as stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. We will study efficient implementations of these ADTs, and learn classic algorithms to manipulate these structures for tasks such as sorting and searching. Prior programming experience is expected, but prior familiarity with the Java programming language is not assumed. (One CSCI course at the 0100-level) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (A. Das)

CSCI 0202 Computer Architecture (Fall 2013)
A detailed study of the hardware and software that make up a computer system. Topics include assembly language programming, digital logic design, microarchitecture, pipelines, caches, and RISC vs. CISC. The goal of the course is teach students how computers are built, how they work at the lowest level, and how this knowledge can be used to write better programs. (CSCI 0201 previously or concurrently) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (Staff)

CSCI 0301 Theory of Computation (Fall 2013)
This course explores the nature of computation and what it means to compute. We study important models of computation (finite automata, push-down automata, and Turing machines) and investigate their fundamental computational power. We examine various problems and try to determine the computational power needed to solve them. Topics include deterministic versus non-deterministic computation, and a theoretical basis for the study of NP-completeness. (CSCI 0200 and CSCI 0201) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (M. Dickerson)

CSCI 0302 Algorithms and Complexity (Spring 2014)
This course focuses on the development of correct and efficient algorithmic solutions to computational problems, and on the underlying data structures to support these algorithms. Topics include computational complexity, analysis of algorithms, proof of algorithm correctness, advanced data structures such as balanced search trees, and also important algorithmic techniques including greedy and dynamic programming. The course complements the treatment of NP-completeness in CSCI 0301. (CSCI 0200 and CSCI 0201) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (M. Dickerson)

CSCI 0312 Software Development (Spring 2014)
This course examines the process of developing larger-scale software systems. Laboratory assignments emphasize sound programming practices, tools that facilitate the development process, and teamwork. (CSCI 0200 previously or concurrently, and CSCI 0201) 3 hrs. lect./lab (D. Kauchak)

CSCI 0314 Operating Systems (Fall 2013)
An operating system manages the complex resources of modern computers and provides an interface between the user and the hardware. This course covers the key concepts of operating systems, including process, memory, and storage management; synchronization and deadlock; protection and security; and distributed systems. (CSCI 0200 previously or concurrently, and CSCI 0202) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (A. Das)

CSCI 0451 Machine Learning (Fall 2013)
Machine Learning is the study and design of computational systems that automatically improve their performance through experience. This course introduces the theory and practice of machine learning and its application to tasks such as database mining, pattern recognition, and strategic game-playing. Possible topics include decision-tree methods, neural networks, Bayesian and statistical methods, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning. (CSCI 0200 and CSCI 0201) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED (D. Kauchak)

CSCI 0500 Advanced Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Individual study for qualified students in more advanced topics in computer science theory, systems, or application areas. Particularly suited for students who enter with advanced standing. (Approval required) 3 hrs. lect. (Staff)

CSCI 0702 Senior Seminar (Spring 2014)
Each student will complete a major capstone project in this course. This project can take the form of either (1) a thesis on a topic chosen with the advice of a faculty member, or (2) a group programming project approved by the computer science faculty. All students will present their work at the end of the semester. In addition, during the academic year, all seniors are expected to attend a series of lectures designed to introduce and integrate ideas of computer science not covered in other coursework. 3 hrs. lect./disc (M. Dickerson)

Dance
Core courses (10) required for the dance major are: The Creative Process (ARDV 0116 or 0117), Dance History (DANC 0284), Anatomy and Kinesiology (DANC 0376), four terms of technique and choreography at or above the 0200-level, DANC 0700 Senior Independent Project, and two additional courses chosen from within the regular fall and spring course offerings in the dance program. Suggested are courses in cultural studies (DANC/SOAN 0272), somatics (DANC 0277), or advanced performing techniques (DANC 0380/0381).
     The Dance Joint Major: The dance joint major consists of seven courses as follows: (1) Three  courses in dance technique and choreography at or above the 0200-level; (2) ARDV 0116 or 0117 The Creative Process; (3) DANC 0284 Dance History; (4) DANC 0376 Anatomy and Kinesiology; (5) DANC 0700 Senior Independent Project.
     The Dance Minor: The dance minor consists of five courses, as follows: (1) two courses in dance technique and choreography at or above the 0200-level; (2) DANC 0376 Anatomy and Kinesiology or DANC 0277 Body and Earth; (3) DANC 0284 Dance History or DANC/SOAN 0272 Performing Culture: America's Dancing Bodies; (4) one additional course from dance listings.
     Honors-Dance: Honors, high honors, or highest honors are awarded to graduating seniors in the dance program based upon a grade point average of A- or better in department and cognate courses, a grade of A- or better on the senior 0700 independent project, and overall distinction in the program. Normally only full majors will be eligible for highest honors.

ARDV 0116 The Creative Process (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course, students will have the opportunity to dig deeply into their own creativity and explore the processes by which ideas emerge and are given shape in the arts. The experiential nature of this course integrates cognition and action, mind and body. Students will engage a range of modes of discovering, knowing, and communicating, which are designed to push them beyond their present state of awareness and level of confidence in their creative power. Practical work will be closely accompanied by readings and journaling, culminating with the creation and performance of a short project. (First- and second-year students only; Not open to students who have taken FYSE 1364) 3 hrs. lect. ART (Fall 2013: P. Campbell; Spring 2014: Staff)

ARDV 0216 Collaboration in the Arts: The Creative Process Continues (Fall 2013)
Taking the experience and knowledge produced in ARDV 0116, The Creative Process, as our starting place, we will collaborate to build more extended, complex, multi-media projects- including performances, installations, and hybrid works. We will research artistic collaboration, that slippery creative relationship with models in every variety of art production, to inspire our hands-on investigations and put them into historical and cultural context. Readings will come from recent literature on collaboration in the arts. Journals, short research papers/presentations, and daily in-class experimentation will culminate in substantial final projects that are original, collaborative, and unpredictable. (ARDV 0116, ARDV 0117, or equivalent, or by approval. Additional coursework in the arts is encouraged) 3 hrs. lect. ART (P. Campbell)

DANC 0160 Introduction to Dance (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This entry-level dance course introduces movement techniques, improvisation/composition, performance, experiential anatomy, and history of 20th century American modern dance. Students develop flexibility, strength, coordination, rhythm, and vocabulary in the modern idiom. Concepts of time, space, energy, and choreographic form are presented through improvisation and become the basis for a final choreographic project. Readings, research, and reflective and critical writing about dance performance round out the experience. 2 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, PE (Fall 2013: A. Olsen; Spring 2014: C. Cabeen)

DANC 0163 From Africa to the Americas: Moving from Our Core (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to dance emphasizing the influence of traditions from the African Diaspora on contemporary modern dance. Technique sessions incorporate styles from West Africa and Central and South America with performance work. Discussion of readings on the history and current practice of movement forms originating in Africa, as well as on the work of artists developing fusion styles, supports written and creative work. Compositional studies explore the intersection between technique, history/theory, and performance. (No previous dance experience required.) 2 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, PE (C. Brown)

DANC/RELI 0242 Dance & Embodied Knowledge in the Indian Context (Fall 2013)
In this theory-practice course in religion, dance, and South Asian studies we will analyze the nature of embodied knowledge and the creative power of performance in the Indian context. During two class sessions per week we will contextualize embodied movement with discussions of Hindu mythology, Hindu devotionalism (bhakti), Sanskrit aesthetic theory (rasa), western performance theories, and Indian classical dance history. One class session per week will be devoted to learning basic movements in south Indian classical dance, culminating in an informal performance of one dance piece. We will highlight the difference ways in which the body and dance are perceived in religious mythology, aesthetic theory, historical context, and dance movement. No dance experience required. 2 hrs. lect./disc., 1 hr. dance AAL, ART, PHL (H. Kamath)

DANC/MUSC 0244 African Music and Dance Performance (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will introduce students to various techniques of performing East African (primarily Ugandan) musical and dance traditions through regular rehearsals, culminating in an end-of-semester concert. As an ensemble, we will learn and master how to play and sing/dance to bow-harps, thumb-pianos, xylophones, tube-fiddles, bowl-lyres, gourd shakers, reed-box rattles, ankle bells, and various types of drums. Prior knowledge of performing African music and dance is not required. AAL, ART (D. Kafumbe)

DANC 0260 Advanced Beginning Dance I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This is the first course in the studio sequence for students entering Middlebury with significant previous dance experience. It is also the course sequence for those continuing on from DANC 0160 or DANC 0161 and provides grounding in the craft of modern dance needed to proceed to more advanced levels. Modern dance movement techniques are strengthened to support an emerging individual vocabulary and facility with composition. Students regularly create and revise movement studies that focus on the basic elements of choreography and the relationship of music and dance. Readings, journals, and formal critiques of video and live performance contribute to the exploration of dance aesthetics and develop critical expertise. (DANC 0160 or by approval) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, PE (Fall 2013: C. Brown; Spring 2014: Staff)

DANC 0261 Advanced Beginning Dance II (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A continuation of DANC 0260. (DANC 0260) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, PE (Fall 2013: C. Brown; Spring 2014: Staff)

DANC/ENVS 0277 Body and Earth (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course has been designed for students with an interest in the dialogue between the science of body and the science of place. Its goals are to enhance movement efficiency through experiential anatomy and to heighten participants' sensitivity to natural processes and forms in the Vermont bioregion. Weekly movement sessions, essays by nature writers, and writing assignments about place encourage synthesis of personal experience with factual information. Beyond the exams and formal writing assignments, members of the class will present a final research project and maintain an exploratory journal. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab. ART, CW (Fall), NOR, PE A. Olsen)

DANC 0279 Movement Intentionality for the Stage (Spring 2014)
This course is intended for students seeking focused attention on the expressive potential of the body. We examine processes that will enable students to develop short, original performance pieces rooted in kinesthetic experience, including movement, voice, and visual perception. We will employ improvisational methods, such as Contact Improvisation and Viewpoints, to generate and experiment with physical language, text, and other compositional components of performance. Discussion of readings in the history and current practice of performance art and improvisation, drawn from the literature on dance, theatre, music, and visual arts, will support creative work. Previous experience in theatre or dance valuable but not required. 3 hrs. lect. ART (C. Cabeen)

DANC 0360 Intermediate/Advanced Dance I (Fall 2013)
This course involves concentrated intermediate-advanced level work in contemporary dance technique and choreography culminating in production. Theoretical issues of importance to the dancer/choreographer are addressed through readings, writings and practice. (DANC 0261 or by waiver; this course may be taken in any sequence with DANC 0361, DANC 0460, DANC 0461) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, PE (C. Cabeen)

DANC 0361 Intermediate/Advanced Dance II: Dance for the Camera (Spring 2014)
This course will involve concentrated intermediate-advanced level work in contemporary dance technique and choreography specifically designed for the frame of the camera. In this course we will explore how to best capture and edit dance on video. We will exercise and refine our visual sensibility through the exploration of basic digital editing techniques and mastery of fundamental camera mechanics. Texts, written work, and regular practice will focus on the creative process in dance and film making. This will culminate in a screening/performance at the end of the semester. (DANC 0261; this course may be taken in any sequence with DANC 0360, DANC 0460, and DANC 0461) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab PE (C. Brown)

DANC 0376 Anatomy and Kinesiology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course offers an in-depth experiential study of skeletal structure, and includes aspects of the muscular, organ, endocrine, nervous, and fluid systems of the human body. The goal is to enhance efficiency of movement and alignment through laboratory sessions, supported by assigned readings, exams, and written projects. (Not open to first-year students) 3 hrs. lect. ART, PE (Fall 2013: C. Cabeen; Spring 2014: A. Olsen)

DANC 0380 Dance Company of Middlebury (Fall 2013)
Dancers work with the artistic director and guest choreographers as part of a dance company, learning, interpreting, rehearsing, and performing dances created for performance and tour. Those receiving credit can expect four to six rehearsals weekly. Appropriate written work, concert and film viewing, and attendance in departmental technique classes are required. Auditions for company members are held in the fall semester for the year. One credit will be given for two terms of participation. Performances and tour are scheduled in January. (Limited to sophomores through seniors, by audition.) (DANC 0260; Approval required) 4 hrs. lect./4 hrs. lab ART, PE (C. Brown)

DANC 0400 Special Topics in Dance: Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

DANC 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

DANC 0700 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Economics
I. Required for the Major
The economics major consists of four sequences.
     Introductory Sequence: ECON 0150 and ECON 0155. Neither ECON 0150 nor ECON 0155 assumes any prior exposure to economics, but both courses presume a thorough working knowledge of algebra. Note: No student who receives a grade below a C- in either ECON 0150 or ECON 0155 will be admitted into the Intermediate Theory Sequence without a waiver.
     Quantitative Sequence: The quantitative sequence in economics consists of two courses. The first course can be ECON 0210, MATH 0116, or MATH 0310, or PSYC 0201. (ECON 0210 may not be taken concurrently with MATH 0116, MATH 0310, or PSYC 0201. Credit is not given for ECON 0210 if the student has taken MATH 0116, MATH 0310, or PSYC 0201.) Students with strong mathematical background wanting to take MATH 0410 (Stochastic Processes) should take MATH 0310 rather than MATH 0116 or ECON 0210, since MATH 0310 is a prerequisite for MATH 0410. The second course in the sequence is ECON 0211. Students must pass ECON 0210 with at least a C- to be admitted into ECON 0211 without a waiver. MATH 0121 (or their AP or IB equivalents) is a prerequisite for ECON 0211 and ECON 0255. (In special circumstances, students who have a strong background in high school calculus, but did not do the AP or IB equivalent, may substitute either MATH 0200 or CSCI 0101 for MATH 0121 with approval by the economics chair.)
     Intermediate Theory Sequence: ECON 0250 and ECON 0255. Credit for MATH 0121 (the equivalent or higher) is a prerequisite for ECON 0255.
     Note: It is important, especially for those planning to study abroad for a full year that the above three sequences be completed by the end of the sophomore year.
     Intermediate Theory Sequence for students entering in Fall 2013 and later:
ECON 0250; ECON 0255; and one of ECON 0212, ECON 0229, or ECON 0280.
     Note: It is important, especially for those planning to study abroad for a full year that the above three sequences be completed by the end of the sophomore year.

     Elective Sequence: Majors are required to take at least four electives, two of which must either be at the0400-level or a combination of one 0400-level and the ECON 0701/0702 senior workshop sequence. The other two electives may be 0200-, 0300-, or 0400-level courses. All majors must take at least six economics courses in the major at Middlebury, including one 0400-or 0701/0702 sequence. The 0400-level courses are seminars that typically enroll no more than 16 students, have intermediate theory as a prerequisite, and serve as a capstone experience for the major. Emphasis is placed on reading, writing, and discussion of economics at an advanced level. The 0701/0702 workshops are seminars that typically enroll 8 students, have intermediate theory and a field course as a prerequisite, and involve writing an independent research paper. The difference between an ECON 0400-level seminar and an ECON 0701/0702 workshop is the degree of independence the student has and the level of sophistication expected in the paper. Any student wanting honors in economics must take ECON 0701and ECON 0702. Because of space constraints, ECON 0701/0702 workshops are initially reserved for straight economics majors; others, including minors and majors in programs that include economics will be admitted on a space available basis.
     Note: ECON 0500 does not count towards the major or minor requirements. Only two of the following four courses: ECON 0316, ECON 0317, ECON 0412, and ECON 0475 will count towards the minimum 10 course major requirement. ECON 0205 (Economics of Investing) will not count towards the major, though ECON 0205 will count towards the minor. Economics electives taken during the winter term will count towards the major or the minor only if so designated in the winter term catalog.
     Honors: To be eligible for honors in economics, students must take the Senior Research sequence (ECON 0701 and ECON 0702) during their senior year. The purpose of this two-semester sequence is to foster independent student research, culminating in a research paper in the style of an economics journal article. Prior to enrolling in ECON 0701, students must have taken a minimum of 6 economics courses at Middlebury approved to count towards the major requirements. Each course in the sequence will have no more than eight students who will work on their projects for two semesters (either fall/winter or winter/spring) and will include both individual meetings and group meetings to develop new techniques and present and discuss research. Students who have prearranged a research topic with the professor will be given priority in admission to the seminar. Also, because of limited resources for guiding senior work, students with a single major in economics will be given priority over double majors who will do senior work in other departments. Students interested in pursuing departmental honors must take the Senior Research Workshop sequence (ECON 0701 and ECON 0702) during their senior year. The Senior Research sequence is also the path to departmental honors. To receive departmental honors the student must receive a minimum grade of A- in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and have a 3.5 or higher GPA in all economics courses taken at Middlebury approved to count towards the major requirements. High Honors requires a minimum grade of A in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and a 3.75 or higher economics GPA. Highest Honors requires a minimum grade of A in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and a 3.9 or higher economics GPA.
     Joint Majors: The Department of Economics does not offer a joint major.
     International Politics and Economics Major: (1) Courses in Political Science: PSCI 0103, PSCI 0109, PSCI 0304 (PSCI 0304 must be taken at Middlebury College) and three electives in comparative politics or international relations (PSCI 0262 may also count as an elective). At least one elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar in comparative politics or international relations.

(2) Courses in Economics: For students matriculating through 2014.5, the six required economics courses are: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0250 (though substituting ECON 0210 for ECON 0250 is encouraged), plus ECON 0240 (formerly ECON 0340) and two electives with an international orientation. One elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar. At least four economics courses meeting the major requirements must be taken at Middlebury, including the 0400-level course. For students matriculating into the classes of 2015 and after, the six required economics courses are: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0210, plus ECON 0240 (formerly ECON 0340) and two electives with an international orientation. One elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar. At least four economics courses meeting the major requirements must be taken at Middlebury, including the 0400-level seminar.
     Please refer to the International Politics and Economics section of the catalog for more details about the major or visit the International Politics & Economics webpage for the most current information.
     International and Global Studies Major: The International and Global Studies major allows students to combine the study of a language and focus on an area with another discipline in the humanities or social sciences, linking both with an appropriate experience abroad. International and Global Studies majors are required to take the following courses: Economics: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0250 (though substituting ECON 0210 for ECON 0250 is encouraged), ECON 0240 [formerly ECON 0340], and two departmental electives with an international focus at the 0200-, 0300- or 0400-levels. One of which must be a 0400-level course. If a non-regional seminar is taken (e.g., ECON 0425, ECON 0444, or ECON 0445), the final paper should focus on the region of study. Please refer to the International and Global Studies section of the catalog for more details about the major or visit the International and Global Studies webpage for the most current information.
     AP Credit Policy: Students who score a 5 on the Advanced Placement exam in Microeconomics or Macroeconomics will receive credit for Introductory Microeconomics (ECON 0155) or Introductory Macroeconomics (ECON 0150) respectively and cannot enroll in these courses at Middlebury. Students who score a 5 on the advanced placement exam in statistics are strongly encouraged to enroll in Economic Statistics (ECON 210) but may obtain credit for this course using their advancement placement exam. To obtain credit, students will need to submit their official scores to the Registrar's Office and obtain approval from the department chair.
     Students who score a 4 on the advanced placement exam in Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, or Statistics must earn a B- or better grade in the corresponding intermediate-level course ECON 0255, ECON 0250, or ECON 0211, respectively, to receive college credit for the AP course. (For each of these courses, if a B- or better is not earned, then an additional economics elective will be required to satisfy the economics major.)
     International Baccalaureate/A-Levels: Students who have completed an International Baccalaureate or the equivalent of the introductory sequence abroad before coming to Middlebury and have earned a score of 7 on IB Economics or a grade of A on A-Level Economics should begin their studies of Macroeconomics and Microeconomics with ECON 0250 and ECON 0255. These students will be given one course credit toward the economics major, but will be prohibited from enrolling in ECON 0155 or ECON 0150. Students who have earned a score of 6 on IB economics or a grade of B on A-Level economics are encouraged to begin their studies of Macroeconomics and Microeconomics with ECON 0250 and ECON 0255, but they may elect to enroll in ECON 0155 or ECON 0150.
     Students majoring or minoring in Economics will need to replace the other introductory course with an ECON elective. Students who have completed a statistics course with a score of 6 or higher on IB Statistics, or a grade of B or better on A-Level Statistics are exempt from ECON 0210, and may begin their course of study of economics statistics with ECON 0211 or MATH 0310. If they choose to start with ECON 0211, they will need to replace the ECON 0210 with an ECON elective. The same rules apply where ECON courses are requirements for other majors.
     Transfer of Credit: Students may take economics courses in approved programs (abroad and domestic) and have those courses count towards the major and/or the general graduation requirement. Summer school courses will generally not be given credit for the major unless there is an overriding reason to take a summer school course. Any summer school course must meet a minimum of six weeks and have at least 36 hours of class time. Students planning to take courses off-campus should discuss the proposed course(s) with their advisor and get pre-approval from the chair of the economics department. Upon completion of the course(s), students should submit their course material and a copy of their transcript along with the appropriate Application for Transfer Credit form to the department coordinator for departmental approval. After receiving departmental approval, students must submit their forms to the director of off-campus study for final approval. Courses having a BU (Business) or MGMT (Management) prefix will normally not be considered the equivalent of an economics course. No credit will be given for business courses taken over the summer. A maximum of one credit will be given for a business course taken through a junior year abroad business program. However, this credit will count as a general credit only, not as a major equivalent credit. Business courses taken in a non-business program will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Those that match the department's offerings, and have strong liberal arts content, have the best chance of receiving credit.

II. Post-Graduate Preparation
Graduate programs in economics or finance [other than a Masters of Business Administration (MBA)] generally require a high degree of mathematical sophistication. Students thinking of continuing on in such a program are encouraged to: (i) take MATH 0310 in place of ECON 0210; (ii) select economics electives with significant mathematically and statistically rigorous content [recommended courses fulfilling the elective requirements of the economics major include: ECON 0229, ECON 0280 (formerly ECON 0380), ECON 0390, and ECON 0411]; (iii) take a number of additional courses in mathematics and computer science [recommended courses include: CSCI 0101, MATH 0315, MATH 0318, MATH 0323, MATH 0410, and MATH 0423]. Good training for graduate school might include being a statistics tutor or having worked as a research assistant at Middlebury College or at a Federal Reserve Bank, or as an intern at a research institute or NGO. Students thinking about this option should discuss their plans with their advisor and other faculty members.
     Masters of Business Administration (MBA) programs look for students who have taken a wide range of courses across the curriculum rather than for students who have narrowly focused on economics and math. Thus, it is not necessary for someone planning to go on in business or to an MBA program to have majored in economics. MBA programs normally expect that students have worked for a couple of years in business, government, or similar organization before they begin the MBA program. The appropriate coursework for these MBA programs is a wide range of liberal arts courses.

III. Minor in Economics
(Beginning in Fall 2012, the Economics Department will no longer offer a minor)
The economics minor consists of five courses: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0250 or ECON 0255 (MATH 0121 is a prerequisite for ECON 0255), and two electives, one of which must be at the 0400-level or the 0701/0702 senior workshop sequence. (Minors interested in the 0701/0702 senior research workshop sequence will need to satisfy additional requirements listed in the section on Honors and will be admitted on a space available basis only.) Economics electives taken during the winter term will count towards the major or minor only if so designated in the winter term catalog. All economics minors must take at least three economics courses in the minor at Middlebury.

ECON 0150 Introductory Macroeconomics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
An introduction to macroeconomics: a consideration of macroeconomic problems such as unemployment and inflation. Theories and policy proposals of Keynesian and classical economists are contrasted. Topics considered include: banking, financial institutions, monetary policy, taxation, government spending, fiscal policy, tradeoffs between inflation and unemployment in both the short run and the long run, and wage-price spirals. 3 hrs. lect. SOC (Fall 2013: C. Craven, D. Colander, R. Moussa; Spring 2014: C. Craven, W. Edwards, R. Moussa)

ECON 0155 Introductory Microeconomics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
An introduction to the analysis of such microeconomic problems as price formation (the forces behind demand and supply), market structures from competitive to oligopolistic, distribution of income, and public policy options bearing on these problems. 3 hrs. lect. SOC (Fall 2013: N. Muller, D. Horlacher, S. Pecsok; Spring 2014: J. Isham, N. Muller, S. Pecsok, P. Sommers)

ECON 0200 Health Economics and Policy (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on the health care system of the United States. We will apply standard microeconomic tools to the problems of health and health care markets. The course provides the fundamental tools with which to understand how the health care market is different from the markets for other goods. For example, students will learn about the dominant presence of uncertainty at all levels of health care, the government's unusually large presence in the market, the pronounced difference in knowledge between doctors and patients, and the prevalence of situations where the actions of some impose costs or benefits on others (e.g., vaccinations, drug research). (ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC ( J. Holmes)

ECON 0210 Economic Statistics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Basic methods and concepts of statistical inference with an emphasis on economic applications. Topics include probability distributions, random variables, simple linear regression, estimation, hypothesis testing, and contingency table analysis. A weekly one-hour lab is part of this course in addition to three hours of class meetings per week. (ECON 0150 or ECON 0155) Credit is not given for ECON 0210 if the student has taken MATH 0116, MATH 0310, or PSYC 0201 previously or concurrently. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab DED (Fall 2013: P. Sommers, E. Gong; Spring: E. Gong, P. Matthews)

ECON 0211 Introduction to Regression Analysis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course regression analysis is introduced. The major focus is on quantifying relationships between economic variables. Multiple regression identifies the effect of several exogenous variables on an endogenous variable. After exploring the classical regression model, fundamental assumptions underlying this model will be relaxed, and further new techniques will be introduced. Methods for testing hypotheses about the regression coefficients are developed throughout the course. Both theoretical principles and practical applications will be emphasized. The course goal is for each student to employ regression analysis as a research tool and to justify and defend the techniques used. (MATH 0121 and ECON 0150 or ECON 0155 and ECON 0210; or by approval) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab DED (Fall 2013: J. Maluccio)

ECON 0212 Empirical Research Methods in Economics (Fall 2013)
In this course we will provide students with the tools to conceptualize, design, and carry out a research project in economics. Topics will include survey design, sampling and power, experimental design (in and out of the lab), natural experiments, and other approaches to identifying causal relationships. Drawing from several sub-disciplines in economics, students will examine, replicate, and critique various studies. Emphasis will be placed on the formulation of valid, feasible research questions, and on the description and interpretation of results. (ECON 0211) 3 hrs. lect. (C. Myers)

ECON 0222 Economics of Happiness (Spring 2014)
We will explore the economics of happiness in both the micro and macro realm. We start with the neoclassical model of rational individuals who know with great precision what makes them happy. Next we explore behaviorist challenges to that model, including issues of regret, altruism, fairness, and gender. On the macro side, we investigate the puzzle of why, though most of us like more income, a growing GDP does not seem to make societies happier; we examine the impact of the macroeconomic environment on individual happiness. Finally we touch on current policy issues such as quantitative happiness indicators that have been adopted around the world, “paternalistic” policy measures to increase happiness, and the no-growth movement. (ECON 0150 or ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (C. Craven)

ECON 0228 Economics of Agricultural Transition (Fall 2013)
In 1860 farmers made up over half the population of this country and fed about 30 million people. Today they number 2% of the population and produce more than enough to feed 300 million people. In this course we will look at the history, causes, and results of this incredible transformation. While studying the economic forces behind the changing farming structure, we will examine farm production, resources, technology, and agricultural policy. Field trips to local farms and screenings of farm-related videos and movies will incorporate the viewpoint of those engaged in agriculture. (ECON 0150 or ECON 0155) 2hrs. lect., 2 hrs. lab NOR, SOC (S. Pecsok)

ECON 0229 Economic History and History of Economic Thought (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will provide an introduction to economic history and the history of economic thought. We will investigate and understand the causes and consequences of important historical events and trends, such as industrialization and globalization, from an economic perspective. This evaluation involves studying how prominent economists perceived and analyzed the events of their time. (ECON 0150) 3 hrs. lect. HIS, SOC ( R. Prasch)

ECON 0230 Comparative Transformation in Eurasia (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore the transformation over the past generation of Eurasia’s formerly socialist economies. We will focus on the experiences of the region’s two largest countries, Russia and China. Though the main focus is on economic aspects of the transformation, we will also pay attention to the political and historical forces that have influenced the process. (ECON 0150 or ECON 0155; or by approval) 3 hrs. lect. CMP, SOC (W. Pyle)

ECON 0240 International Economics: A Policy Approach (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course provides an overview of international trade and finance. We will discuss why countries trade, the concepts of absolute and comparative advantage, and gains from trade. We will explore commercial policies, arguments for and against tariffs, non-tariff barriers, dumping and subsidies, the role of the WTO, as well as the pros and cons of regional free trade associations. In the second part of the course we will primarily concentrate on international macroeconomics, focusing on foreign exchange rates, balance of payments, origins of and solutions to financial crises and the history and architecture of the international monetary system. (Formerly ECON 0340.) (ECON 0150 and ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. ( R. Moussa)

ECON 0250 Macroeconomic Theory (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Macroeconomic theory analyzes whether the market effectively coordinates individuals' decisions so that they lead to acceptable results. It considers the effectiveness of monetary, fiscal, and other policies in achieving desirable levels of unemployment, inflation, and growth. The theories held by various schools of economic thought such as Keynesians, monetarists, and new classicals are considered along with their proposed policies. (ECON 0150) 3 hrs. lect. (Fall 2013: P. Matthews; Spring 2014: P. Matthews, R. Prasch)

ECON 0255 Microeconomic Theory (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Microeconomic theory concentrates on the study of the determination of relative prices and their importance in shaping the allocation of resources and the distribution of income in an economy. We will study the optimizing behavior of households in a variety of settings: buying goods and services, saving, and labor supply decisions. We will also examine the behavior of firms in different market structures. Together, the theories of household and firm behavior help illumine contemporary economic issues (discrimination in labor markets, mergers in the corporate world, positive and negative externalities, for example). (MATH 0121 and ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. (Fall 2013: J. Carpenter; Spring 2014: J. Carpenter, W. Pyle)

ECON 0265 Environmental Economics (Fall 2013)
This course is dedicated to the proposition that economic reasoning is critical for analyzing the persistence of environmental damage and for designing cost-effective environmental policies. The objectives of the course are that each student (a) understands the economic approach to the environment; (b) can use microeconomics to illustrate the theory of environmental policy; and (c) comprehends and can critically evaluate: alternative environmental standards, benefits and costs of environmental protection, and incentive-based environmental policies. (ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. (N. Muller)

ECON 0275 Urban Economics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
How and why do cities form? Why do people live in the suburbs and commute to the Central Business District? Why do tech industries want to locate right next to each other in Silicon Valley? Are toll roads just there to annoy us, or is there some economic rationale for them? This course combines economic theory and empirical evidence to provide an overview of the forces beyond our spatial organization as well as a survey of urban problems relating to land use, traffic, housing, and racial segregation. (ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (C. Myers)

ECON 0280 Game Theory I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Game theory is general in scope and has been used to provide theoretical foundations for phenomena in most of the social and behavioral sciences. Economic examples include market organization, bargaining, and the provision of public goods. Examples from other behavioral sciences include social dilemmas and population dynamics. In this course students learn the basics of what constitutes a game and how games are solved. This course is meant to be a broad introduction; students with advanced training in economics (or math) are encouraged to enroll directly in ECON 0390. (Formerly ECON 0380) (ECON 0155 and MATH 0121 required; ECON 0255 recommended) 3 hrs. sem. (A. Robbett)

ECON 0328 Economics of Global Health (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine global health from an economics perspective while attempting to understand it from both the demand and supply sides. We will review the current economic research relevant to these topics. Microeconomic theory will be used to explain why individuals might make what are seemingly poor health decisions. In addition, we will be using data from the Demographic Health Surveys to examine the health and well-being of individuals living in poor countries. Topics will include the effects of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and poor sanitation. (MATH 0121 and ECON 0150 or ECON 0155 and ECON 0210; or by approval) 3 hrs. lect. (E. Gong)

ECON 0337 Democracy, Development, and Globalization (Fall 2013)
In this course we will address crucial issues that both economists and political scientists have considered fundamental to their disciplines: how nations become democratic, develop economically, and confront globalization and regionalism. We will focus on theories that come from various disciplines to explain these phenomena. Following several weeks of theoretical discussion, we will focus on case studies from Latin America, Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe, and China. Our approach will focus on integrating various disciplines to understand these inherently interdisciplinary issues. Students will be expected to write research papers that will utilize foreign language sources, as appropriate. This course is equivalent to IGST 0337 and PSCI 0337. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. Cason, W. Pyle)

ECON 0375 Monetary Theory and Policy (Fall 2013)
This course will cover the determination of interest rates, portfolio theory, the demand for money, and the supply of money process. Emphasis will be on the difficulties faced by the Federal Reserve in its goals of achieving a steady growth in aggregate demand while doing its best to ensure that monetary disorder, such as that which characterized the Great Depression, does not reoccur. (ECON 0150 and ECON 0155) 3 hrs. lect. (R. Prasch)

ECON 0399 Experimental Economics (Fall 2013)
How do economic incentives influence people’s behavior? In this course students will learn how to test economic models of behavior (e.g., consumption, investment, production) using the experimental lab. Topics include: How and why do markets work? Do people act collectively to provide public goods? What are the determinants of bargaining outcomes? (ECON 0255 required; ECON 0380 or ECON 0390 recommended) 3 hrs. lect. (A. Robbett)

ECON 0411 Applied Econometrics (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to further students' understanding of parameter estimation, inference, and hypothesis testing for single and multiple equation systems. Emphasis will be placed on specification, estimation, and testing of micro/macro econometric models and using such models for policy analysis and forecasting. Large cross-sectional as well as panel data sets will be used for estimation purposes. (ECON 0211 and ECON 0250 and ECON 0255; or by approval) 3 hrs. sem. (P. Wunnava)

ECON 0425 Seminar on Economic Development (Spring 2014)
Much of the world still faces the daily pain of poverty. Developing countries have to accelerate their growth rates, eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, address environmental concerns, and create productive employment. We examine the major analytic and policy issues raised by these challenges and study the need for a productive balance between market forces and positive state action. With the help of case studies from Asia, Latin America, and Africa, we focus on different development strategies adopted, the choice of policy instruments, and methods of implementation. (ECON 0210 or MATH 0116 or MATH 0310 or PSYC 0201) 3 hrs. sem. (E. Gong)

ECON 0428 Population Growth and the Global Future (Fall 2013)
This course will show how economic analysis can be used to assess the impact of rapid population growth on economic development, the environment, and economic inequality. It will analyze the rapid "graying" of the industrialized countries and their struggle to cope with international migration. It will assess the causes of urban decay in the North and the explosive growth of cities in the South. The course will consider household-level decision-making processes; the effects of changing family structures; and the need to improve the status of women. (ECON 0250 or ECON 0255) 3 hrs. sem. (D. Horlacher)

ECON 0429 Trade and Foreign Aid in Latin America (Spring 2014)
This course is designed to provide an in-depth examination of a number of critical issues that currently confront policymakers in Latin America. The topics of development, regionalization and free trade, and the efficacy of foreign aid will be analyzed in the context of Latin American economic development. (ECON 0250 or ECON 0255) 3 hrs. sem. AAL (J. Maluccio)

ECON 0430 The Post-Communist Economic Transition (Spring 2014)
This seminar will use the “natural experiment” of the post-communist transition to better understand the origin and consequences of various economic and political institutions. Drawing on research related to China and Russia as well as other formerly communist economies in Europe and Asia, we will explore such themes as property rights reform, the finance-growth nexus, contract enforcement institutions, and the economic consequences of corruption and different political regimes. (ECON 0210 or MATH 0310 or MATH 0311 and ECON 0240 or ECON 0250, or by approval) CMP (W. Pyle)

ECON 0445 International Finance (Fall 2013: Spring 2014)
An analysis of the world's financial system and the consequences for open economies of macroeconomic interdependence. Particular topics include: exchange rate determination, balance of payments adjustments, and monetary and fiscal policies in open economies. Special attention is paid to the issues and problems of the European Economic Community and European integration and debt in developing countries. (ECON 0240 or ECON 0250) 3 hrs. sem. (W. Edwards)

ECON 0450 History of Economic Thought (Fall 2013)
This course offers a historical and analytical perspective on the development of economic ideas. It asks the question: Why is economics what it is today? A number of international issues will be considered, such as the differential development of economic ideas in different countries, comparative advantage and its relation to trade, and the development and spread of socialist ideas. In this course students will read Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Frederich Hayek. (ECON 0250 and ECON 0255; or by approval) 3 hrs. sem. HIS, PHL (D. Colander)

ECON 0465 Special Topics in Environmental Economics (Spring 2014)
The objective of this seminar is that each student achieves fluency in a set of advanced concepts in environmental economics. The seminar is divided into two main sections. First, we introduce the core theory and policy implications of environmental economics. These include the theory of externalities and public goods; the Coase theorem; and policy instrument choice. Empirical methods used to measure the costs and benefits of environmental policies are also introduced. Second, we study some selected topics: the economics of local air pollution and greenhouse gases; the design of market-based environmental policies; the economics of non-renewable resources, including fossil fuels and old-growth forests; and the management of renewable resources, including fisheries and second-growth forest resources. (ECON 0255) 3 hrs. sem. (N. Muller)

ECON 0480 Labor Economics (Fall 2013)
This seminar will explore the economics of labor markets from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Topics covered include: labor force participation, wage determination, welfare and minimum wage policies, education and on-the-job training, compensating differentials, dual labor markets, inequality and discrimination, unions, immigration, employment relations, and household bargaining. (ECON 0255 required; ECON 0211 strongly recommended) (P. Matthews)

ECON 0485 The Economics of Sports (Spring 2014)
This is a survey course of topics illustrating how microeconomic principles apply to the sports industry. Topics covered will include the industrial organization of the sports industry (notably, issues of competitive balance and the implications of monopoly power), the public finance of sports (notably, the impact teams have on host municipalities), and labor issues related to sports (including player worth and discrimination). The prerequisites for this course are meant to ensure that students can both understand fundamental economic concepts and present the results of econometric research as they apply to the sports industry. (ECON 0210 and ECON 0211 and ECON 0255) 3 hrs. sem. (P. Sommers)

ECON 0499 Topics in Behavioral and Experimental Economics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will consider current research topics in behavioral and experimental economics. Although the theme for the course is likely to change from semester to semester, all students will design their own study, gather decision-making data, and write a research paper summarizing their main findings. (ECON 0255 and one of the following: ECON 0280, ECON 0390, or ECON 0399) 3 hrs. sem. (J. Carpenter)

ECON 0500 Individual Special Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
If you choose to pursue an area that we do not offer or go in depth in an area already covered, we recommend the Individual Special Project option. These ECON 0500 proposals MUST be passed by the entire department and are to be submitted to the chair by the first Friday of fall and spring semester, respectively. The proposals should contain a specific description of the course contents, its goals, and the mechanisms by which goals are to be realized. It should also include a bibliography. According to the College Handbook, ECON 0500 projects are a privilege open to those students with advanced preparation and superior records in their fields. A student needs to have a 3.5 or higher G.P.A. in Economics courses taken at Middlebury in order to pursue an Individual Special Project. ECON 0500 does not count towards one of the 10 courses for the major. (Staff)

ECON 0701 Senior Research Workshop I (Fall 2013, Winter 2014)
In this first semester, students will design and begin their projects. Emphasis will be on designing a novel research question (while making the case for its importance) and an appropriate strategy for answering it. This requires immersion in the academic literature on the topic. General research principles and tools will be taught in class, as a group, while those specific to individual projects will be covered in one-on-one meetings. By the end of the term, students will outline their plan for completing the project, including demonstrating that it is a feasible research question for which the necessary information (e.g., data or source materials) is available or can be generated by the student (e.g., lab or other experiment). (Approval required) (Fall 2013: P. Wunnava; Winter 2014: A. Robbett)

ECON 0702 Senior Research Workshop II (Winter 2014, Spring 2014)
In this second semester of the senior research workshop sequence, the focus is on the execution of the research plan developed in ECON 0701. Most instruction is now one-on-one but the workshop will still meet as a group to discuss and practice the presentation of results in various formats (seminars, poster sessions, et cetera) to the rest of the workshop and others in the college and broader communities. Feedback and critiques from such presentations will be incorporated into the project, which will culminate in a research paper in the style of an economics journal article. (ECON 0701; Approval required) (Winter 2014: P. Wunnava; Spring 2014: A. Robbett)

Education Studies                  
Requirements for the Minor in Education Studies [EDGW]:
Education Studies is an interdisciplinary program. To earn a minor in Education Studies students must complete five courses structured in the following manner:

1. A foundations course in education, either EDST 0115 or SOAN 0215.
2. Any three courses in Education Studies selected from the following: EDST 0102; EDST 0120; ENAM/EDST 0185; EDST/ENAM 0203, EDST/ENAM 0211; EDST 0225; EDST 0300; EDST 0305; EDST 0315; EDST 0318; EDST 0320; EDST 0317 (Winter Term); EDST 0327 (Winter Term); EDST 0337 (Winter Term); and EDST 0420. Students who are interested in attaining a Vermont teaching license must complete either an elementary or secondary minor see below.
3. One elective determined in consultation with the student's faculty advisor in Education Studies. This course could include a Winter Term elective, a 0500-level independent study, or in special cases, pre-approved study abroad experiences or internships with substantive academic work. PSYC 0327 (Educational Psychology), PSYC 0225 (Child Development) and PSYC 0216 (Adolescence) may fulfill the elective requirement for the minor. Students must secure prior approval from Education Studies faculty for any other course to count as an elective.

Students may choose to focus their five courses in either elementary or secondary education or they may choose to take a broad approach and select courses from across the curriculum. Each student declaring a minor in Education Studies will be assigned to a faculty member in Education Studies who will serve as his or her advisor.

     Vermont Licensure Option: Students who want to attain a teaching license must meet the licensure requirements established by the state of Vermont. There are two licensure options: Elementary [EDEL] (grades K-6) and Secondary [EDSL] (grades 7-12).
     Requirements for the minor in elementary education with licensure [EDEL] (grades K-6): In order to meet the requirements set by the state of Vermont, there are six courses required for the minor in elementary education as well as the professional semester:

a. EDST 0115, 0305, 0315, 0317 (Winter Term)
b. PSYC 0225 & PSYC 0327. [Note: PSYC 0105 is a prerequisite for all Psychology courses.]
c. Successful completion of the professional semester (student teaching) listed in the catalog as EDST 0410 & 0405-0407 with satisfactory review of the professional semester by the Professional Semester Review Committee and with satisfactory review of the student's teacher licensure portfolio. [Note: This is a 4 credit experience as it involves full-time teaching for one semester as well as a weekly, 3 hour seminar during the same semester.]
d. Students seeking a teaching license in elementary education may major in any subject offered at Middlebury College. Prior to the granting of the license, students must also complete both the SCI and DED distribution requirements.

Requirements for the minor in secondary education with licensure [EDSL] (grades 7-12): Middlebury College is authorized to recommend licensure in the following subject areas for secondary education: Art, (prek-12); Modern and Classical Languages: Spanish (7-12), German (7-12), Russian (7-12) and French (7-12); Mathematics (7-12); Science (7-12); English (7-12); Social Studies (7-12); and Computer Science (7-12). Students should consult with the Education Studies faculty to determine particular recommended major courses that will align with state endorsement requirements. Generally, for the secondary teaching license, students should major in the content area they wish to teach.
     Note: Students majoring in history or a social science (economics, geography, political science, psychology, or sociology/anthropology) can be recommended for licensure in social studies, but such students must also complete a course dealing with geography, a course dealing with a culture or society outside North America, and the two United States history courses, to be determined in conjunction with the History Department.
     In order to meet the requirements set by the state of Vermont, there are six courses required for the minor in secondary education as well as the professional semester:

a. EDST 0115, 0318, 0320, 0327 (Winter Term).
b. PSYC 0216 & PSYC 0327. [Note: PSYC 0105 is a prerequisite for all Psychology courses.]
c. Successful completion of the professional semester (student teaching) listed in the catalog as EDST 0410 & 0415-0417 with satisfactory review of the professional semester by the Professional Semester Review Committee and with satisfactory review of the student's teacher licensure portfolio. [Note: This is a 4 credit experience as it involves full-time teaching for one semester as well as a weekly, 3 hour seminar during the same semester.]

     Professional Semester: Students who elect to pursue licensure either in Elementary or Secondary education must apply to the Education Studies program for acceptance into the Professional Semester. Upon acceptance, students complete EDST 0410 (the student teaching seminar), and either EDST 0405-0407 or EDST 0415-0417, the student teaching practicum in a local school. These four course credits constitute the Professional Semester. Students may elect to complete the Professional Semester either as seniors or post-graduation in a ninth semester. Satisfactory review of the Professional Semester by the Professional Semester Review Committee and of the required licensure portfolio result in recommendation for initial licensure for teaching in Vermont, reciprocated by 48 states.
     Thus, all students seeking licensure complete a full semester of student teaching under the supervision of a master teacher. Education Studies faculty in consultation with the student and prospective master teacher make the final decision regarding where and with whom a student is placed for the Professional Semester.

EDST/WRPR 0102 English Lang in Global Context (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will discuss and write about the dominance of English in the global landscape. The course reader, The Handbook of World Englishes (2006), offers an interdisciplinary approach to the topic. We will begin the course with a geographic and historical overview of World Englishes and then will examine the impact of English language dominance on individuals and societies, emphasizing themes such as migration, globalization, education, and identity. Throughout the course, we will explore the relevance of these issues to educators, linguists, and policy-makers around the world. CMP, SOC (S. Shapiro)

EDST/LNGT 0107 Introduction to TESOL (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study theories and practices relevant to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in the U.S. and abroad. We will examine curricular resources used with adolescent and adult learners, and practice developing materials applicable to a variety of classroom settings. We will also discuss critical issues in the field, such as linguistic prejudice, language maintenance, and social justice pedagogy. Class sessions are largely hands-on, and include student teaching demonstrations with peer feedback. Opportunities for community engagement are also available. The final project is a portfolio that includes a personal philosophy of teaching. (Not open to students who have taken LNGT/EDST 1003) (S. Shapiro)

EDST/MATH 0109 Mathematics for Teachers (Spring 2014)What mathematical knowledge should elementary and secondary teachers have in the 21st century? Participants in this course will strengthen and deepen their own mathematical understanding in a student-centered workshop setting. We will investigate the number system, operations, algebraic thinking, measurement, data, and functions, and consider the attributes of quantitative literacy. We will also study recent research that describes specialized mathematical content knowledge for teaching. (Not open to students who have taken MATH/EDST 1005. Students looking for a course in elementary school teaching methods should consider EDST 0315 instead.)  DED (P. Bremser)

EDST 0115 Education in the USA (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
What are schools for? What makes education in a democracy unique? What counts as evidence of that uniqueness? What roles do schools play in educating citizens in a democracy for a democracy? In this course, we will engage these questions while investigating education as a social, cultural, political, and economic process. We will develop new understandings of current policy disputes regarding a broad range or educational issues by examining the familiar through different ideological and disciplinary lenses. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. NOR, SOC (Fall 2013: T. Affolter; Spring 2014: J. Miller-Lane)

EDST/CRWR 0185 Writing for Children and Young Adults (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to writing for children and young adults through analysis of model short fiction and novels, and regular discussion of student writing. We will focus on craft and form with particular attention to the demands of writing for a young audience. Emphasis will be on composition and revision. 3 hrs. lect. ART (C. Cooper)

EDST 0300 Models of Inclusive Education (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on strategies and techniques for including students with diverse learning styles in general education environments. Legal, theoretical, philosophical, and programmatic changes leading toward inclusive models of education will be approached through a historical overview of special education for students with disabilities. Additionally, the course works to expand notions of inclusion such that students' multiple identities are incorporated into all learning. Emphasis is given to the active learning models and differentiated curriculum and instruction to accommodate a range of learners with diverse disabilities, abilities, and identities. NOR, SOC (T. Affolter)

EDST 0305 Teaching of Literacy and Social Studies in the Elementary School (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to provide prospective elementary teachers with an understanding of literacy and social studies instruction for all learners in K-6 classrooms. In addition to the classes, students will participate in a field experience of observing and helping out in elementary school classes in the Middlebury area (approximately 24 hours) and design an individual education studies website. The course will view literacy development (reading, writing, speaking, listening, and viewing) in such a way that assessing and planning instruction fits naturally into everyday classroom activities. We will explore a variety of topics and issues related to social studies: Vermont and National Standards, interdisciplinary approaches, and assessment. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. (E. Hoyler)

EDST 0315 Teaching of Mathematics and Science in the Elementary School (Spring 2014)
This course is an examination of current theory, research, methods, and materials of elementary school mathematics and science. In addition to the classes and lab, students will participate in a field experience of observing and helping out in elementary school classes in the Middlebury area (approximately 24 hours). Development of an individual education studies website will also be required. Students will construct a working knowledge of assessment and the scope and sequence of mathematics and science skills, concepts, and dispositions; how children learn mathematics and science; effective teaching skills and strategies; and the role of the national and Vermont standards in teaching and learning mathematics and science. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab (G. Humphrey)

EDST 0318 Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools (Spring 2014)
This course emphasizes the knowledge and skills necessary for effective teaching at the secondary level. Starting from a foundation in the liberal arts, students will develop lesson and unit plans based on instructional models that reflect "best practice" and that are grounded in key concepts from their respective disciplines. Concerns regarding "classroom management" will be addressed as opportunities to design challenging and engaging curriculum. Students will be required to integrate technology into meaningful, academic inquiry. This course requires 3 hrs/week of observation in local schools. 3 hrs. lect. (T. Affolter)

EDST 0320 Literacy Across the Secondary Curriculum (Fall 2013)
This course will acquaint prospective teachers with pedagogies that use literacy to help students learn subject matter, strategies, and skills in various secondary content areas. We will consider both the theory and practice of literacy through analysis of the nature of reading, writing, discussion, interpretation, and critical processes and practices. We will also consider the politics of literacy and the importance of socio-economic, linguistic, and cultural factors in making appropriate choices about methods and materials for diverse populations. Students will spend at least two hours per week observing and tutoring in secondary schools in the Middlebury area. 3 hrs. lect. (C. Cooper)

EDST 0405 Student Teaching in the Elementary School (Fall 2013)
A semester-long practicum in a local elementary school under the direct supervision of an experienced cooperating teacher. (Corequisite: EDST 0410) (Approval required) (E. Hoyler)

EDST 0406 Student Teaching in Elementary School (Fall 2013)
See EDST 0405. (Approval required) (E. Hoyler)

EDST 0407 Student Teaching in the Elementary School (Fall 2013)
See EDST 0405. (Approval required) (E. Hoyler)

EDST 0410 Student Teaching Seminar (Fall 2013)
Concurrent with student teaching, this course is designed to provide guidance in curriculum development and its implementation in the classroom, and to explore issues related to the teaching process and the profession. Students will construct a Teaching Licensure Portfolio as well as exchange ideas about their student teaching experiences. Topics including technology, classroom management, special education, and assessment will be featured. The Vermont Framework of Standards and Learning Opportunities, the five Standards for Vermont Educators, the Principles for Vermont Educators, and ROPA-R will guide the development of the Teacher Licensure Portfolio. (Corequisite: EDST 0405, EDST 0406, EDST 0407 or EDST 0415, EDST 0416 EDST 0417) (Approval required) 3 hrs. lect. (T. Affolter)

EDST 0415 Student Teaching in the Middle School/High School (Fall 2013)
A semester-long practicum in a local middle or high school under the direct supervision of an experienced cooperating teacher. (Corequisite: EDST 0410) (Approval required) (Staff)

EDST 0416 Student Teaching in the Middle School/High School (Fall 2013)
See EDST 0415. (Approval required) (Staff)

EDST 0417 Student Teaching in the Middle School/High School (Fall 2013)
See EDST 0415. (Approval required) (Staff)

EDST 0420 Education for Sustainability (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will design environmental education (EE) curricula and community service learning projects for use in public schools or in nonformal educational settings such as nature centers and recreation programs. Students will carry out internships in schools or other community settings in Addison County in order to foster both an enhanced sense of place and a broader perspective on environmental issues. Students will study the evolution, goals, and public attitudes towards EE. Guidelines from the North American Association for Environmental Education will be used to analyze, evaluate, and design EE curricula/projects. 3 hr. sem. (G. Humphrey)

EDST 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

English & American Literatures
Requirements for the Major: Twelve courses are required of all students majoring in English and American Literatures. 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) ENAM 0205; 4-5) two courses concerning literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I); 6-7) two courses concerning literature written between 1700 and 1910 (Period II), at least one of which must concern American Literature (AL); 8-10) three ENAM electives; 11) an ENAM Junior Seminar (4xx), and, ; and 12) a senior essay or thesis. In addition, students wishing to write a creative senior essay or thesis must complete three workshop courses (one at the 100-level and two at the advanced level) prior to beginning the senior project. Creative writing workshops may NOT be used to fulfill other ENAM major requirements. LITS 0705, Senior Colloquium in Literary Studies can also be used to fulfill the Junior Seminar requirement in ENAM. Students should complete a Junior Seminar prior to beginning a critical senior essay or thesis project.
     Joint Major: A joint major in English and American Literatures requires a minimum of seven ENAM courses, including the following: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) one ENAM course concerning literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I); 4) one ENAM course concerning literature written between 1700 and 1910 (Period II); 5) one ENAM elective; and 6) an ENAM junior seminar (4xx). Of 3-6 above, at least one course must concern American literature (AL). Joint majors must also design a senior essay or thesis project that brings together aspects of the two majors. Joint majors must be approved by the chairs of both departments or programs involved.
     Minor: A minor in English and American Literatures requires six courses: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) Four ENAM courses, at least one of which must concern literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I), and one must concern American literature (AL).
     Senior Program: The ENAM senior program consists of a required one-term independent essay or a two-term independent thesis (ENAM 0700, CRWR 0701, ENAM 0710, CRWR 0711). Students may do a creative writing essay or thesis, provided they have completed at least two 0300-level creative writing workshops prior to beginning the project. Students writing literary criticism for senior work must complete a Junior Seminar (0400 or higher) before beginning the project. Essays may be written in the fall or spring semester; theses may be scheduled fall/spring, fall/winter, winter/spring or spring/fall (for February matriculates). For guidelines and deadlines for senior work in ENAM, see A Complete Guide to the Critical ENAM Senior Essay or Thesis and A Complete Guide to the Creative ENAM Senior Essay or Thesis on the ENAM Department website. You can pick up copies of these guides in the department office, Axinn 306.
     Honors: Departmental honors will be determined on the basis of course grades in the major, and the essay or thesis grade. To be considered for honors in any of the three categories (honors, high honors, highest honors), a minimum average of 3.5 in the course grades and a minimum grade of B+ on the essay or thesis is required. In determining the numerical average of course grades all courses designated ENAM will be counted, as will all other courses that fulfill requirements for the major.
     Courses for Non-Majors: The Department of English and American Literatures offers a wide variety of courses in literature that are open without prerequisite to all students in the college. These include most 0100 and 0200-level courses and some 0300-level courses. The ENAM 0103/CMLT 0101, 0201/0204 sequence is intended for declared or potential majors and minors. The 0100 level courses are recommended for students, primarily in their first or second years, with interests in comparative, thematic, and theoretical approaches to literature. They are especially suitable for meeting the colleges Literature (LIT) distribution requirement.

ENAM 0103 Reading Literature (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course seeks to develop skills for the close reading of literature through discussion of and writing about selected poems, plays, and short stories. A basic vocabulary of literary terms and an introductory palette of critical methods will also be covered, and the course's ultimate goal will be to enable students to attain the literary-critical sensibility vital to further course work in the major. At the instructor's discretion, the texts employed in this class may share a particular thematic concern or historical kinship. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CW, LIT (Fall 2013: A. Baldridge, D. Brayton, M. Wells; Spring: E. Napier)

ENAM 0108 Animals in Literature and Culture (Spring 2014)
Animals, wrote anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, are good to think with. They are good to write with as well; almost all works of literature include animals, their importance varying from the merely peripheral to the absolutely central. Among other narrative functions, animals serve as essential metaphors for understanding the human animal. In this course we will read a wide variety of fiction, poetry, children's literature, philosophy, science, history, and cultural theory from Ancient Greek sources (in translation) to the present. We will consider theoretical, ethical, religious, psychological, linguistic, and political issues pertaining to animals and their representation in literary texts. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (A. Losano)

ENAM 0117 The Short Story (AL) (Fall 2013)
This course approaches the short story as a distinct prose genre, beginning with work by Edgar Allen Poe and Guy de Maupassant and concluding with stories by contemporary authors. We will examine the particularly notable growth of the genre in America and survey various trends in the form, from "local color" sketches and realistic tales to experiments in modernism and postmodernism. Throughout, we will consider issues of structure, characterization, style, and voice. Other authors may include Anderson, Barthelme, Cheever, Chekhov, Hemingway, Joyce, Moore, O'Connor, Twain, and Welty. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR (D. Price)

ENAM/RELI 0180 An Introduction to Biblical Literature ST, WT (Spring 2014)
This course is a general introduction to biblical history, literature, and interpretation. It aims to acquaint students with the major characters, narratives, and poetry of the Jewish and Christian scriptures, with special emphasis on the ways scripture has been used and interpreted in Western culture. Students interested in more detailed analysis of the material should enroll in RELI 0280 and RELI 0281. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. LIT, PHL (L. Yarbrough)

ENAM 0201 British Literature and Culture: the Poetics of Entertainment (Fall 2013)
"Entertain" now means “amuse” or “divert,” but in the Middle Ages and Renaissance it meant, more seriously, “hold together” in community.  We will explore poetic “entertainment” as it evolved from before the Conquest (1066) through the Restoration (1660). Recurring themes include hospitality, gift-exchange, love, marriage, festival, politics, and friendship, all involving gender, class, and nationality.  Our topic will also entail exploring what has made works canonical and the contribution of the canon to our own sense of community. Texts include Beowulf, Gawain and the Green Knight, and works by Marie de France, Chaucer, Spenser, Sidney, Shakespeare, Jonson, Wroth, Donne, and Milton.  EUR, LIT (J. Berg)

ENAM 0204 Foundations of English Literature (I) (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students will study Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Milton's Paradise Lost, as well as other foundational works of English literature that may include Shakespeare, non-Shakespearean Elizabethan drama, the poetry of Donne, and other 16th and 17th century poetry. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (Fall 2013: D. Price; Spring 2014: T. Billings, M. Wells)

ENAM/CMLT 0205 Introduction to Contemporary Literary Theory (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will introduce several major schools of contemporary literary theory. By reading theoretical texts in close conjunction with works of literature, we will illuminate the ways in which these theoretical stances can produce various interpretations of a given poem, novel, or play. The approaches covered will include New Criticism, Psychoanalysis, Marxism and Cultural Criticism, Feminism, and Post-Structuralism. These theories will be applied to works by Shakespeare, Wordsworth, The Brontës, Conrad, Joyce, and others. The goal will be to make students critically aware of the fundamental literary, cultural, political, and moral assumptions underlying every act of interpretation they perform. 3 hrs. lect/disc. EUR, LIT (Fall 2013: A. Losano; Spring 2014: A. Baldridge)

ENAM/AMST 0206 Nineteenth-Century American Literature (II, AL) (Fall 2013)
This course will examine major developments in the literary world of 19th century America. Specific topics to be addressed might include the transition from Romanticism to Regionalism and Realism, the origins and evolution of the novel in the United States, and the tensions arising from the emergence of a commercial marketplace for literature. Attention will also be paid to the rise of women as literary professionals in America and the persistent problematizing of race and slavery. Among others, authors may include J. F. Cooper, Emerson, Melville, Douglass, Chopin, Whitman, Dickinson, Twain, Hawthorne, Stowe, Alcott, Wharton, and James. . 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR (D. Evans)

ENAM 0208 English Literary Landscapes, 1700-1900 (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine literary and related works that take as their focus the natural world and man's relationship to it. We will consider transformations of taste in representations of landscape in England in the 18th and 19th centuries. Works to be discussed will include poems, gardening tracts, philosophical treatises, notebooks, letters, travel accounts, natural histories, and novels. Pope, Crabbe, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Clare, Hopkins, and Hardy will be central figures in this course. EUR, LIT (E. Napier)

ENAM/AMST 0209 American Literature and Culture: Origins-1830 (II, AL) (Fall 2013)
A study of literary and other cultural forms in early America, including gravestones, architecture, furniture and visual art. We will consider how writing and these other forms gave life to ideas about religion, diversity, civic obligation and individual rights that dominated not only colonial life but that continue to influence notions of "Americanness" into the present day. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR (M. Newbury)

ENAM/ENVS 0215 Nature's Meanings: The American Experience (AL) (Fall 2013)
What we think of as "nature" today is the result of a complex and fascinating history. The many meanings of nature emerge from Americans' experiences of the physical world and their understandings of, and contests over, their place in that world. This course will investigate how American meanings of nature have changed from European-Native contact to the present. How have changing meanings reshaped American culture and the natural environment? These questions will be addressed from historical, literary, religious, and philosophical perspectives. Readings may include: Emerson, Thoreau, Marsh, Muir, Leopold, and Carson, as well as other Euro-American and Native American writers. 3 hrs. lect. LIT, NOR (D. Brayton)

ENAM 0227 Encounters With the Wild: Nature, Culture, Poetry (I) (Spring 2014)
Civilization is often defined against wilderness. The two ideas are not exclusive but mutually constitutive, for wilderness and the wild turn out to be central to notions of the civil and the civilized. Poets have long been preoccupied by the boundaries and connections between these ideas. The word “poetry” itself comes from a Greek word for “craft” or “shaping”; thus, poetry implies the shaping of natural elements into an artful whole. In this course we will examine the literary history of this ongoing dialectic by reading and discussing masterpieces of Western literature, from ancient epics to modern poetry and folklore. As we do so we will rethink the craft of poetry, and the role of the poet, in mapping the wild. Readings will include Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, sections of The Bible and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Beowulf, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Tempest, and poems by Wyatt, Marlowe, Jonson, Donne, Marvell, Pope, and Thompson. (This course counts toward the ENVS Literature focus and the ENVS Environmental Non-Fiction Focus) 3 hrs.lect./disc. CMP, EUR, LIT (D. Brayton)

ENAM 0244 Twentieth-Century English Novel (Fall 2013)
This course will explore the development of the novel in this century, with a primary focus on writers of the modernist period and later attention to more contemporary works. We will examine questions of formal experimentation, the development of character, uses of the narrator, and the problem of history, both personal and political, in a novelistic context. Readings will include novels by Conrad, Joyce, Forster, Woolf, and others. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (R. Cohen)

ENAM 0246 Books that Changed the World: Literature and Social Protest (Spring 2014)
Can literature change the world? In this course we will examine a wide range of texts written in response to war, economic and social crises (such as the Great Depression or environmental crises), health crises (the AIDS pandemic, for example), social and political oppression (slavery; racial, gender or sexual discrimination), and other historical events. We will explore the profound impact literature can have on the world and examine the rhetorical strategies writers use to effect real-world social change. Readings will include social theories and historiographies as well as literature. lect./disc LIT (A. Losano)

ENAM/AMST 0253 Science Fiction (Spring 2014)
Time travel, aliens, androids, robots, corporate and political domination, reimaginings of race, gender, sexuality and the human body--these concerns have dominated science fiction over the last 150 years. But for all of its interest in the future, science fiction tends to focus on technologies and social problems relevant to the period in which it is written. In this course, we'll work to understand both the way that authors imagine technology's role in society and how those imaginings create meanings for science and its objects of study and transformation. Some likely reading and films include Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, H. G. Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau, Ridley Scott, Blade Runner, and works by William Gibson, Ursula LeGuin, Octavia Butler and other contemporary writers. (Students who have taken FYSE 1162 are not eligible to register for this course). 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT (M. Newbury)

ENAM 0261 Contemporary British Drama: 1950 to the Present (Fall 2013)
Analysis of the language, style, dramaturgy, and meaning of plays by Rattigan, Beckett, Osborne, Pinter, Shaffer, Gray, Bolt, and Stoppard, with some attention paid to contemporary British cinema. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc./3 hrs. screen EUR, LIT (J. Bertolini)

ENAM/AMST 0263 American Psycho: Disease, Doctors, and Discontents (Spring 2014)What constitutes a pathological response to the pressures of modernity?  How do pathological protagonists drive readers toward the precariousness of their own physical and mental health?  The readings for this class center on the provisional nature of sanity and the challenges to bodily health in a world of modern commerce, media, and medical diagnoses.  We will begin with 19th century texts and their engagement with seemingly "diseased" responses to urbanization, new forms of work, and new structures of the family and end with contemporary fictional psychopaths engaged in attacks on the world of images we inhabit in the present.  Nineteenth century texts will likely include stories by Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.  Later 20th-century works will likely include Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Thomas Harris, The Silence of the Lambs, Susanna Kaysen, Girl, Interrupted, and Bret Easton Ellis, American Psycho. LIT, NOR (M. Newbury)

ENAM 0270 In Other Worlds: South Asian, African and Caribbean Fiction (Fall 2013)
The purpose of the course is to examine a cross-section of the literature that has been marked by the experience of European colonialism and its aftermath. In addition to discussing a range of writing from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean, we will explore the criticism and the theoretical debates that this postcolonial literature has spawned. Topics will include orientalism, colonial discourse analysis, critiques of colonialism, resistance theories, subaltern studies, nationalism, postcolonial gender studies, diaspora, and globalization. We will discuss novels by Monica Ali, Indra Sinha, Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie, Assia Djebar and others. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, CMP, LIT (Y. Siddiqi)

ENAM 0273 Slumdogs and Millionaires: Fictions of Globalization (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the rich and still growing body of creative writing addressing the processes (cultural, social, and economic) we now know as globalization. Viewing English as a global literary language, we will read both established and lesser-known authors to examine their sense of globalization's human impact. Special attention will be paid to literary representations of migration, and to certain narratives of self-making and economic possibility shared by fictional, cinematic, and "official" accounts of the recent past. Authors will include V.S. Naipaul, Jamaica Kincaid, Amitav Ghosh, R. Zamora Linmark, Kiren Desai, Aravind Adiga, and Monica Ali. CMP, LIT (B. Graves)

ENAM/RELI 0279 The Bible and American Literature (AL) (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study American literary responses to the spiritual and social demands of Christianity as expressed in select Biblical passages and narratives. We will examine how writers of different times and regions responded to this tradition, raising and exploring such questions as: How is Christian conduct to be defined in a political democracy? In an increasingly secular society, can a life lived “in imitation of Christ” result in more than victimization? How can a minister, serving a worldly congregation, know the degree to which his words are sacred or profane? Writers will include Stowe, Melville, Eliot, West, Baldwin, and Robinson. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR, PHL (J. McWilliams)

ENAM 0285 Magical Realism(s) (Spring 2014)
Novels that juxtapose the marvelous with the everyday have shadowed (and mocked) mainstream realism for the better part of two centuries, and have proliferated in recent years to the point where they may constitute the predominant genre of our globalized culture. Why should such strange mélanges of the quotidian and the supernatural strike so many authors as the perfect vehicle to express 20th and 21st century anxieties and possibilities? We will explore examples of these boundary-defying fictions across several decades and various national literatures. Authors to be studied will include Woolf, Kafka, Calvino, Morrison, Pynchon, Rushdie, and Garcia-Marquez. CMP, LIT (C. Baldridge)

ENAM 0312 Modern Poetry (Fall 2013)
This course will examine the nature and achievement of the major modern poets of Britain and America during the modern period, beginning with the origins of poetic modernism in the work of Gerard Manley Hopkins, Emily Dickinson, and Walt Whitman. The central figures to be studied are William Butler Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, and W.H. Auden. The course will conclude with a look at some after-echoes of modernism in the work of Elizabeth Bishop and others. Two papers, one exam, with occasional oral presentations in class 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT (J. Parini)

ENAM 0319 Shakespeare: Culture, Text, Performance (I) (Spring 2014)
In this course we will read Shakespeare's plays and poems in the context of the religious, political, and domestic culture of early modern England, yet also with the goal of understanding their relevance today-especially in terms of character, gender, race, and moral agency.  We will pay particular attention to Elizabethan and Jacobean staging conventions, and to the tension between the plays as poetic works to be read and as scripts to be performed in aristocratic households and popular amphitheaters.  We will also touch on modern film adaptations and interpretations, comparing them with original stagings and contexts. EUR, LIT (J. Berg)

ENAM/CMLT 0325 Chinese Poetry in the Far West (Spring 2014)
This course combines a study of Tang poetry with a survey of its influence on non-Chinese poetry in the modern era. We will emphasize the American context and Ezra Pound as the "inventor of Chinese poetry for our time," as T.S. Eliot memorably put it. In order to give students with no knowledge of Chinese the necessary tools for making the most of a facing-page translation, we will spend a significant portion of the course learning the characters most common to Tang poetry as well as the fundamentals of classical grammar. We will thus read the original poems alongside multiple translations and also discuss loose adaptations in "Chinese" modes. Theoretical questions concerning the nature of intercultural adaptation and globalization will be a constant concern. Readings will include numerous Chinese and American poets, and also extensive critical theory. For students with no knowledge of Chinese. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, LIT (T. Billings)

ENAM 0330 Shakespeare and Contexts (I) (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to sample the breadth of Shakespeare's dramatic art, from Titus Andronicus to The Tempest, with an eye to understanding both how the plays may have resonated for his first audiences on stage and how subsequent readers have drawn their own meanings from the published texts. We will therefore pay particular attention to such dramaturgical issues as the construction of character and of plot, the reworking of sources, spectacle, meta-theatricality, and versification, as well as consider what political and commercial implications these plays might have had during Shakespeare's life and what meaning they hold for us today. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. disc./3 hrs. screen. EUR, LIT (T. Billings)

ENAM/AMST 0347 Families in American Ethnic Literatures (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore depictions of "the family" by authors of various ethnicities-in every case interaction with/integration into "American life" is at issue.  Under that broad rubric, we will discuss a range of topics, including: the processes of individual and group identity erasure and formation; experiences of intergenerational conflict; considerations of the burden and promise of personal and communal histories; examinations of varied understandings of race, class, and gender; and interrogations of "Americanness."  Authors include Ronald Takaki, Gloria Naylor, Arturo Islas, Sherman Alexie, Philip Roth, Julie Otsuka, Jhumpa Lahiri, Junot Diaz, Gish Jen, and Dinaw Mengestu. CMP, LIT, NOR (W. Nash)

ENAM/AMST 0358 Reading, Slavery, and Abolition (II, AL) (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study both black and white writers' psychological responses to, and their verbal onslaughts on, the "peculiar institution" of chattel slavery. We will work chronologically and across genres to understand how and by whom the written word was deployed in pursuit of physical and mental freedom and racial and socioeconomic justice. As the course progresses, we will deepen our study of historical context drawing on the substantial resources of Middlebury's special collections, students will have the opportunity to engage in archival work if they wish. Authors will include Emerson, Douglass, Jacobs, Thoreau, Stowe, Walker, and Garrison. 3 hrs. sem. HIS, LIT, NOR (W. Nash)

ENAM 0360 Fiction in Practice and Theory (Fall 2013)
This literature/writing course will emphasize the practice and theory of formal elements in fiction. It will be a craft-level investigation of both traditional fictional forms (including epistolary, monologue, and collage) and texts conscious of themselves as texts. Readings will include examples of traditional forms as well as experimental works by literary groups such as OULIPO, the surrealists, minimalists, post-modernists, and hypertextualists. This course may replace one of the 0300-level requirements for students doing a Creative Writing concentration, but is open to all. ART (K. Kramer)

ENAM/GSFS 0371 In Different Voices: Postcolonial Writing by Women (Spring 2014)
In her important essay “Under Western Eyes,” Chandra Talpade Mohanty suggests that the experiences of women from the so-called Third World have to be understood in their own terms, rather than through the lens of Western feminism.  Focusing on writings by Assia Djebar, Tsitsi Dangarembga, Merle Hodge, Dionne Brand, Mahasweta Devi, Arundhati Roy, among others, we will examine how women from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean use fiction, poetry, and memoir to address a variety of concerns: familial relationships, caste, class, race, religious identity, history, education, work, national liberation, modernization, development, migration, diaspora, and globalization. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, CMP, LIT (Y. Siddiqi)

ENAM 0402 The Modernist Moment (Fall 2013)
High Modernism can be defined as the unlikely attempt to faithfully depict the fragmentation and randomness of modernity while remaining committed to the notion that art can construct a vision of coherence and beauty that might explain, reconcile, and even heal.  Does this enterprise result in a dramatic break with traditional realism, or merely refine and interiorize it?  Does its fine-grained psychology mark a retreat from engagement with political issues, or mount a daring challenge to the powers that be? We will press Conrad, Joyce, Woolf, Faulkner, T. S, Eliot, and others for answers to these defining questions. EUR, LIT (C. Baldridge)

ENAM/GSFS 0419 Gender, Power, and Politics on the Early Modern Stage (I) (Spring 2014)
In this class we will explore the representation of embodiment on the early modern stage, considering as we do so how theatrical embodiment intersects with other treatments of the body in early modern culture. As we consider the representation of the gendered body on stage or in so-called "closet" dramas, we will read both early modern and contemporary theoretical accounts of gender as performance, investigating among other issues the use of boy actors, the representation of specifically "female" disorders (e.g., "suffocation" or hysteria), the performance of maternity, the portrayal of female "voice" or vocality, and the treatment of same-sex eroticism. We will also study the dramatic use of related cultural codes pertaining to betrothal, marriage, cross-dressing, and sexual slander. Primary readings will include: Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, Webster's Duchess of Malfi, Cary's Tragedy of Mariam, and Cavendish's Convent of Pleasure. Historical sources will include midwifery manuals, conduct books, medical treatises on hysteria, and legal accounts of betrothal and marriage. 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LIT (M. Wells)

ENAM 0442 Batter My Heart: Religious Poetry from Donne to Mary Oliver (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will look closely at some of the major religious poets (broadly defined to include a variety of traditions) in the course of English and American poetry from the 17th century writers John Donne and George Herbert to the contemporary American poet Mary Oliver. Major figures will look at include Donne, Herbert, Wordsworth, Hopkins, Dickinson, T. S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Charles Wright, and Mary Oliver. There will be prose selections from various poets and spiritual writers, including Emerson. LIT (J. Parini)

ENAM/ENVS 0445 Recent Novels of Environmental Justice (Spring 2014)
In recent years environmental justice has emerged as a major topic in the humanities. This intersection of environmentalism and social justice is motivated by a concern for the differential access to natural resources (clean water, clean air, tillable land) afforded to different groups of people within particular social systems. Students will encounter these themes through the reading of many global Anglophone novels, including Waterland, by Graham Swift; The Hungry Tide, by Amitav Ghosh; Animal's People, by Indra Sinha; A Thousand Acres, by Jane Smiley; Ceremony, by Leslie Marmon Silko; and Disgrace, by J.M. Coetzee. 3 hrs. sem. CMP,  LIT (D. Brayton)

ENAM 0455 Problems in Narrative Analysis, 1814 to 2013 (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will examine issues of genre, theme, and style that pose particularly demanding problems of analysis in the novel as it develops into the 21st century.  Among works to be discussed will be Austen's Mansfield Park, Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and the 2013 Man Booker Prize winner (to be announced in October).  We will scrutinize point of view, narrative style, authorial investment in or resistance to plot and/or character, and breadth of moral and political vision. 3 hrs. sem. EUR, LIT (E. Napier)

ENAM 0456 Othellos (Fall 2013)
In this course we will read Shakespeare's Othello from a number of different perspectives, including those of race, religion, gender, staging, form, and literary legacy.  We will engage the play at the level of rhetorical analysis, textual history, character analysis, source analysis, staging, and stage history.  We will also study contemporary dramas resembling Othello (e.g., Titus Andronicus, Selimus, the Renegado, The Duchess of Malfi, and The Winter's Tale), and examine its legacy in texts such as Woolf's Orlando and Ellison's Invisible Man, and popular films (e.g., "O,"  Kalyattam, and Jarum Halus).  At every point, we will consider critical reception and theoretical implications. LIT, EUR, CMP (J. Berg)

ENAM 0500 Special Project: Literature (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
(Staff)

ENAM 0700 Senior Essay: Critical Writing (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Individual guidance and seminar (discussions, workshops, tutorials) for those undertaking one-term projects in literary criticism or analysis. All critical essay writers also take the essay workshop (ENAM 700Z) in either Fall or Spring Term. (Staff)

ENAM 0705 Senior Colloquium in Literary Studies (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study, discuss, and analyze great works of world literature from the perspective of their achievement in thought and literary art.  We will further consider them as part of a vital literary tradition in which the works enter into dialogue with one another.  Among the authors to be appreciated this term are:  Dante, Boccaccio, Calderon, Moliere, Goethe, Gogol, Baudelaire, Proust, Pirandello, and G.B. Shaw.  (Open to non-majors with approval of instructor). (J. Bertolini)

ENAM 0710 Senior Thesis: Critical Writing (Fall 2013, Winter 2014, Spring 2014)
Individual guidance and seminar (discussions, workshops, tutorials) for those undertaking two-term projects in literary criticism or analysis. All critical thesis writers also take the thesis workshop (ENAM 710z) in both Fall and Spring terms. (Staff)

CRWR/FMMC 0106 Writing for the Screen I (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the fundamental elements of dramatic narrative as they relate to visual storytelling. We will emphasize the process of generating original story material and learning the craft of screenwriting, including topics such as story, outline, scene structure, subtext, character objectives, formatting standards, and narrative strategies. Weekly writing assignments will emphasize visual storytelling techniques, tone and atmosphere, character relationships, and dialogue. Students will be required to complete two short screenplays. Required readings will inform and accompany close study of selected screenplays and films. (Formerly FMMC/ENAM 0106) (FMMC 0101 OR CRWR 0170 or approval of instructor) 3 hrs. sem. ART (I. Uricaru)

CRWR 0170 Writing: Poetry, Fiction, NonFiction (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
An introduction to the writing of poetry, short fiction, and nonfiction through analysis of writings by modern and contemporary poets and prose writers and regular discussion of student writing. Different instructors may choose to emphasize one literary form or another in a given semester. Workshops will focus on composition and revision, with particular attention to the basics of form and craft. This course is a prerequisite to CRWR 0380, CRWR 0385, CRWR 0370, and CRWR 0375. (This course is not a college writing course.) (Formerly ENAM 0170) 3 hrs. sem. ART (Fall 2013: D. Bain, K. Kramer, C. Shaw; Spring 2014: D. Bain, K. Kramer, C. Shaw)

CRWR/GSFS 0172 Writing Gender and Sexuality (Spring 2014)
In this course we will analyze and produce writing that focuses on expressions of gender and sexuality. Readings will include work by Collette, Baldwin, Leavitt, Powell, Tea, Claire, and others. Students will draft and revise creative non-fiction and fiction with some attention to poetry. During class we will discuss form, craft, and the writing process; experiment with writing exercises; and critique student work in writing workshops. Each student will meet with the instructor a minimum of three times and produce a portfolio of 20 revised pages. This course is a prerequisite to ENAM 0370, 0375, 0380, or 0385. (Formerly ENAM 0172) (C. Wright)

CRWR 0175 The Structure of Poetry (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the reading and writing of poetry with a focus on its structural aspects. We will look closely at a range of exemplary poems in English to explore how a poem is built through form, image, figurative language, and other poetic tools. Among the poets we shall read are Seamus Heaney and Elizabeth Bishop. Students will write their own poems and give oral presentations on contemporary poets. (Formerly ENAM 0175) ART (K. Gottshall)

CRWR/EDST 0185 Writing for Children and Young Adults (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to writing for children and young adults through analysis of model short fiction and novels, and regular discussion of student writing. We will focus on craft and form with particular attention to the demands of writing for a young audience. Emphasis will be on composition and revision. 3 hrs. lect. ART (C. Cooper)

CRWR/THEA 0218 Playwriting I: Beginning (Spring 2014)
The purpose of the course is to gain a theoretical and practical understanding of writing for the stage. Students will read, watch, and analyze published plays, as well as work by their peers, but the focus throughout will remain on the writing and development of original work. (Formerly THEA/ENAM 0218) 2 1/2 hrs. lect./individual labs. ART, CW (D. Yeaton)

CRWR/THEA 0318 Playwriting II: Advanced (Fall 2013)
For students with experience writing short scripts or stories, this workshop will provide a support structure in which to write a full-length stage play. We will begin with extended free and guided writing exercises intended to help students write spontaneously and with commitment. Class discussions will explore scene construction, story structure, and the development of character arc. (Formerly THEA/ENAM 0318) (ENAM 0170 or THEA 0218 or ENAM/THEA 0240; by approval) 2 1/2 hrs. lect./individual labs ART, CW (D. Yeaton)

CRWR/FMMC 0341 Writing for the Screen II (Spring 2014)
Building on the skills acquired in Writing for the Screen I, students will complete the first drafts of their feature-length screenplay. Class discussion will focus on feature screenplay structure and theme development using feature films and screenplays. Each participant in the class will practice pitching, writing coverage, and outlining, culminating in a draft of a feature length script. (Approval required, obtain application on the FMMC website and submit prior to spring registration) 3 hrs. sem/3 hrs. screen. ART (I. Uricaru)

CRWR 0360 Fiction in Practice and Theory (Fall 2013)
This literature/writing course will emphasize the practice and theory of formal elements in fiction. It will be a craft-level investigation of both traditional fictional forms (including epistolary, monologue, and collage) and texts conscious of themselves as texts. Readings will include examples of traditional forms as well as experimental works by literary groups such as OULIPO, the surrealists, minimalists, post-modernists, and hypertextualists. This course may replace one of the 0300-level requirements for students doing a Creative Writing concentration, but is open to all. ART (K. Kramer)

CRWR 0370 Workshop: Fiction (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Study and practice in techniques of fiction writing through workshops and readings in short fiction and novels. Class discussions will be based on student manuscripts and published model works. Emphasis will be placed on composition and revision. (ENAM/CRWR 0170, ENAM/CRWR 0175, or ENAM/CRWR 0185) (Approval required; please apply online at  http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/enam/resources/forms or at the Department office) This course is not a college writing course. (Formerly ENAM 0370) 3 hrs. sem. ART (Fall 2013: R. Cohen; Spring 2014: K. Kramer)

CRWR 0375 Workshop: Poetry (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will involve the reading and writing of contemporary poetry. It is designed for students who already possess some familiarity with poetry and its traditions and who want to concentrate especially on contemporary work as an adjunct to their own development as poets. Students will read a good deal of poetry, including such writers as Elizabeth Bishop, Seamus Heaney, and Charles Simic. Assignments will include the keeping of a daily notebook, writing poems on a regular basis, and giving oral reports. Close attention will be paid to poetic form and the conventions of poetry. A final portfolio will include revisions of poems and critical writing. This course is not a college writing course. (Formerly ENAM 0375) (ENAM/CRWR 0170, ENAM/CRWR 0175, or ENAM/CRWR 0185) (Approval required; please apply online at http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/enam/resources/forms or at the Department office.) 3 hrs. sem. ART (Fall 2013: J. Parini; Spring 2014: K. Gottshall)

CRWR 0386 Writing the Journey (Spring 2014)
In this course we will write personal journey narratives that fuse objective observation and exposition with strong narrative and subjective experience. Readings will include works of literary travel writing including The Song Lines and The Snow Leopard, as well as the picaresque novel On the Road. We will also practice the travel article. For the final project students must write about a journey they plan and take during the semester, preferably during Spring Break. (Formerly ENAM 0386) (ENAM/CRWR 0170 or approval from instructor required; please apply online at http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/enam/resources/forms or at the Department office) 3 hrs. sem. ART, CW, LIT (C. Shaw)

CRWR 0560 Special Project: Creative Writing (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

CRWR 0701 Senior Essay: Creative Writing (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Discussions, workshops, tutorials for those undertaking one-term projects in the writing of fiction, poetry, or creative nonfiction. (Formerly ENAM 0701) (Staff)

CRWR 0711 Senior Thesis: Creative Writing (Fall 2013, Winter 2014, Spring 2014)
Discussions, workshops, tutorials for those undertaking two-term projects in the writing of fiction, poetry, or creative nonfiction. (Formerly ENAM 0711) (Staff)

Environmental Studies

Required for the Major in Environmental Studies: The environmental studies major is composed of course work in four areas: (1) a set of core courses to be completed by the end of the junior year, (2) an in-depth focus, (3) cognate courses that supplement the breadth gained in the core courses, and (4) the senior-level seminar.

Except for transfer students, the core courses must be taken at Middlebury College. A maximum of three courses taken off campus may be credited toward completion of the major. The student's advisor must approve all such off-campus courses.

Joint Majors: Students may pursue a joint major with environmental studies and other majors. The other major usually overlaps the student's focus. Those who focus in architecture and the environment, conservation biology, environmental chemistry, environmental geology, geography, or human ecology automatically qualify as joint majors. Students in other foci should consult with the director about joint majors. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the environmental studies major, there is no reduction in course requirements for the environmental studies component of a joint major.

Minor in Environmental Studies: The minor in environmental studies consists of five courses from across the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences: ENVS 0112; ENVS or ENVS/PSCI 0211; ENVS or ENVS/ENAM 0215 (these three to be completed by the end of the sixth semester); one course from among DANC 0277, ECON 0265, ENAM 0227, ENAM 0315, GEOG 0207, HIST 0222, PHIL 0356, PSCI 0212, PSCI 0214, RELI 0295, RELI 0395, or SOAN 0211; one course from among BIOL 0140, ENVS 0240, ENVS/CHEM 0270, ENVS 0360, GEOL 0112, or GEOL 0323. Except for transfer students, ENVS 0112, ENVS or ENVS/PSCI 211; and ENVS 0215 must be taken at Middlebury College. However, students receiving a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement Examination in environmental science will receive credit for ENVS 0112. With the approval of the director of the Environmental Studies program director, a maximum of one course taken off campus (not including AP Environmental Science) may be credited toward completion of minor requirements other than 0112, 0211, and 0215.
 
ENVS Program Honors: Program honors will be awarded to students who do an environmentally-oriented thesis that is of superior quality (B+ or higher) and presented in a public forum, and whose average in courses taken toward the major is also B+ or higher. Seniors may pursue an independent honors project by taking one or two semesters of ENVS 0500 followed by one semester of ENVS 0700. With prior approval from the director, an environmentally-oriented thesis in another department may also qualify as an ENVS joint major for program honors in environmental studies. Students who are joint majors should discuss their honors requirements with their advisors.
 
International Environmental Studies: The program offers no formal or official major, minor, or focus in international environmental studies For students interested in international environmental studies, we recommend the following approach: (1) select the existing focus that most closely meets your academic goals (for example, environmental economics or environmental policy or human ecology); (2) undertake language training, if relevant, for the areas of the world in which you plan to study; (3) study abroad for a semester to gain a deeper understanding of the issues and areas that most interest you; and (4) weave some of the following courses, which explicitly deal with international and comparative environmental issues, into your academic career: ENVS 0240, ENVS 0380, ENVS 0390, FREN 0315, GEOG 0207, GEOG 0210, GEOG 225, HARC 264, HIST 0419, PSCI 0209, PSCI 0210, PSCI 0214, PSCI 0452, RELI 0395, SOAN 0211, SOAN 0333, SPAN 0384.
 
I. Core Courses:
All Environmental Studies majors are required to complete these four 0100-level to 0200-level core courses plus the ENVS 0401 senior seminar. The 0100-level to 0200-level core classes provide an introduction to perspectives on environmental issues from the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as well as basic approaches critical to understanding human interactions with the environment. The 0100-level to 0200-level core courses must be completed by the end of the junior year, and ENVS 0112 in particular should be completed by the end of the sophomore year.
ENVS 0112 Natural Science and the Environment
ENVS 0211 Conservation and Environmental Policy
ENVS 0215 Nature's Meanings: American Experiences
GEOG 0120 Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems
(GEOG 0320 Geographic Information Systems can be used by the students of the class of 2013 and prior)
 
**Note: Only those students who have completed all four of the above-listed core courses are eligible to enroll in ENVS 0401 or to sign up for ENVS 0700.
 
**Note: Students receiving a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement Examination in environmental science will receive credit for ENVS 0112.
 
II. Foci
Students must complete all of the requirements for one of the following foci. Courses taken within the focus that are not specified must be approved by the student's advisor. Some foci qualify the student for joint major status. Note that each focus falls into one of three broad groupings.
 
Environmental Science
 Conservation Biology: (This focus requires 7 or 8 courses). BIOL 0140; BIOL 0145; BIOL 0392; BIOL 0211 (or MATH 0116 or PSYC 0201); two research methods courses chosen from BIOL 0302, BIOL 0304, BIOL 0323, and ENVS 0360; one organismal course chosen from among BIOL 0201, BIOL 0202, BIOL 0203, and BIOL 0310; and two BIOL electives chosen from the 0200-0700 level (only one of which can be BIOL 0500 or higher). Note: Winter Term courses offered through the Biology Department can be used to satisfy one of the elective courses. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)

Environmental Chemistry: (This focus requires7 or 8 courses depending on senior work). CHEM 0103; CHEM 0104 or 0107; CHEM 0241; CHEM 0242; ENVS/CHEM 0270; CHEM 0311; and at least one semester of formal research focusing on chemistry and the environment chosen from: ENVS 0360, independent study (ENVS or CHEM 0500), or the senior thesis sequence (CHEM 0400/0700 or ENVS 0500/0700). Students wishing to pursue graduate study in environmental chemistry are advised to take additional courses, in the appropriate field of science, and should consult with their advisor. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)
 
Environmental Geology: (This focus requires 8 courses). One introductory course from among GEOL 0112 (preferred), GEOL 0161, and GEOL 0170; one course from among GEOL/GEOG 0251, GEOL/GEOG 0255, and GEOL/GEOG 0257; one course from among GEOL 0201, GEOL 0211, and GEOL 0281; three electives, one of which can be ENVS 0360, and two of which must be at the GEOL 0300-level; and two courses of senior work, GEOL 0400 and GEOL 0700. These are considered minimum requirements. Please note that geology graduate programs require additional courses in the cognate sciences of biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics. Students should consult with their advisors regarding additional cognates. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)
 
Environmental Policy and Analysis
Conservation Psychology: (This focus requires 7 courses). PSYC 0105; PSYC 0201; PSYC 0202; PSYC 0233; PSYC 0416; two additional courses to be determined in consultation with the student's advisor.

Environmental Economics: (This focus requires 7 courses). MATH 0121 or MATH 0122; ECON 0155; ECON 0210; ECON 0255; ECON 0265; ECON 0465; one course from among ECON 0328, ENVS 0380, ECON 0425, ECON 0428, and ECON 0444.
 
Environmental Policy: (This focus requires 7 courses). ECON 0155; ECON 0265; ECON 0210 or MATH 0116 or PSYC 0201; GEOG 0207 or PSCI 0209 or PSCI 0212 or PSCI 0214; PSCI 0421 or PSCI 0452; two courses from among ENVS 0380, ENVS 390, and any Political Science courses at the 0200-0300 level.
 
Geography: (This focus requires 6 courses). GEOG 0100; three courses at the 0200-level (none of which may be numbered 0250 or above); one course at the 0300-level; and one 0400-level seminar.  All joint majors must complete joint senior work in Geography or an equivalent, approved by the advisor. The electives, the seminar, and the joint senior work must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the major advisor.

Human Ecology: (This focus requires 8 or 9 courses depending on senior work). SOAN 0103; SOAN 0105; SOAN 0211; SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302; SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306; two electives related to the topic of human ecology (to be selected in consultation with your advisor) from among Sociology-Anthropology offerings, or PSYC 0233, or PSYC 0416. In addition, students will take either SOAN 0700 (one-semester senior project) or SOAN 0710 (multi-semester senior project). (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.) No more than one course may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., as a Winter Term course or transfer credit).
 
Environmental Perspectives
 Architecture and the Environment: (This focus requires 15 courses) ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, and GEOG 0120, all to be taken before the end of junior year; two ES Cognate Courses (both science courses with labs, listed under Environmental Studies); HARC 0100; HARC 0230; HARC 0231; HARC 0130; HARC 0330 (or a pre-approved substitute); ENVS 0401, HARC 0332, HARC 0731 and HARC 0732 (Buildings in their Contexts, senior architectural design research and senior thesis architectural studio). Advisory: Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
 
Creative Arts: (This focus requires 8 courses) Students proposing a Creative Arts focus will submit to the arts advisor and ES chair a 1-2 page statement articulating their proposed connection between art and the environment, specifically linking their creative work with environmental perspectives.
For students emphasizing Dance, Studio Art, or Theater: ARDV 0116 or ART 0157 or ART 0158 or ART 0159; ENVS/DANC 0277 or ENVS/DANC 0377; three courses in the student's arts department at the 0100-0400 level that are best suited to enrich their approach to questions of human interactions with the environment (chosen in consultation with the appropriate arts advisor); two studio courses in one discipline which must be above the 0200-level, selected in consultation with the student's advisor; senior independent project or advanced studio course in the discipline of the selected art form. Public showing of artistic work is required, along with an artist's written statement linking environmental studies and the artistic emphasis in question.
 
For students emphasizing Film and Media Culture: FMMC 0105; ENVS/DANC 0277 or ENVS/DANC 0377; FMMC 0101 and two critical studies courses that are best suited to enrich the student's approach to questions of human interactions with the environment (chosen in consultation with the FMMC advisor); two production oriented classes selected in consultation with the student's FMMC advisor; senior independent project or advanced studio course in the discipline of the selected art form. Public showing of artistic work is required, along with an artist's written statement linking environmental studies and the artistic emphasis in question. The guidelines, prerequisites, expectations, and forms for applying to do an independent project are detailed on the Film and Media Culture website.
 
Environmental History: (This focus requires7 courses).HIST 0222; three HIST courses in students' area of interest at the 0100-0300 level; one 0400-level HIST readings course (preferably, but not necessarily HIST 0406 or HIST 0419); HIST 0600;one course from among AMST 0245, HARC 0218, PHIL 0356, RELI 0110, RELI 0120, RELI 0130, RELI 0140, RELI 0150, RELI 0160, RELI 0220, RELI 0225, RELI/AMST 0274, RELI 0295, RELI 0395, or one literature course at 0200-0300 level in chosen area of study.
 
Environmental Nonfiction: (This focus requires 7 or 8 courses depending on senior work).ENAM 0170; ENAM 0103; or CRWR 0175; ENAM 0201 0206 or 0208; ENAM 0243 or ENAM 0227; two semesters of Level Two writing workshops, with either ENAM 0380 or ENAM 0385 repeatable by permission of the instructor; one term of ENAM 0701 or two terms of ENAM 0711.
 
Literature: (This focus requires 8 courses).ENAM 0103 or CRWR 0175; ENAM 0201 or 0204; ENAM 0206 or 0208; two courses from among ENAM/AMST 0207, ENAM/AMST 0209, ENAM 0250, ENAM 0311, FREN 0315, and SPAN 0384; ENAM 0330, ENAM 0331, or ENAM 0332; ENAM 0243 or ENAM 0227; and an upper level seminar approved in writing by the advisor for the literature focus.
 
Religion, Philosophy, and the Environment: (This focus requires 8 or 9 courses depending on senior work).RELI 0295; RELI 0395 or PHIL 0356; at least one introductory level course from among RELI 0110, RELI 0120, RELI 0190, PHIL 0150, or any additional 0100 or 0200-level RELI or PHIL course with approval of the advisor; an additional four courses from among PHIL 0205, PHIL 0206, GEOG 0207, and any 0300-0400-level course in philosophy or religion with approval of the advisor; at least one semester of independent study related to the focus (ENVS 0500).
 
III. Cognate Courses
Two of the following courses are required, with the restrictions that: (1) students focusing in an environmental science (biology, chemistry, or geology) must take both of their cognates outside of the natural sciences; (2) students focusing in an area other than environmental science must take both cognates as science courses with laboratory (these courses are in addition to ENVS 0112); and (3) courses in a student's focus or focus department cannot count as cognates. Not all of these courses are offered each year; check with the relevant department to determine course offerings.

Natural Science Courses
Any winter term course explicitly labeled ENVS and explicitly described in the Winter Term Catalogue as counting as a natural science lab cognate for Environmental Studies majors with a focus outside of the natural sciences.
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution
BIOL 0302 Vertebrate Natural History
BIOL 0304 Aquatic Ecology
BIOL 0323 Plant Ecology
BIOL 0392 Conservation Biology
CSCI 0190 Computer Models and Environmental Simulation
ENVS 0240 Global Climate Change
ENVS/CHEM 0270 Environmental Chemistry
GEOL 0112 Environmental Geology OR
GEOL 0161 Elements of Oceanography
GEOL 0201 Bedrock Geology of Vermont
GEOL 0205 Energy and Mineral Resources
GEOL 0250 Arctic and Alpine Environments
GEOL 0251 Geomorphic Processes
GEOL 0255 Surface and Ground Water
GEOL/GEOG 0257 Soils, Geology, and the Environment

Arts, Humanities, and Social Science Courses
Any winter term course explicitly labeled ENVS and explicitly described in the Winter Term Catalogue as counting as a cognate for Environmental Studies majors with a focus in the environmental sciences.
AMST 0245 American Landscape
AMST 0315 Fast Food/Slow Food
DANC 0277 Body and Earth
ECON 0265 Environmental Economics
ECON 0465 Special Topics in Environmental Economics
EDST 0420 Environmental Education in Action
ENAM 0227 Encounters with the Wild: Nature, Culture, Poetry
ENAM 0243 Maritime Literature and Culture
ENAM 0311 Nature's Renaissance
ENAM 0315 Visions of Nature
ENAM 0385 Workshop for Nature Writers
ENVS 0210 Social Class & the Environment 
ENVS 0380 Global Challenges of the 21st Century
ENVS 0390 Environmental Negotiation and Dispute Resolution
FMMC 0285 Sustainable TV: Producing Environmental Media
FREN 0315 Beyond Versailles: Encounters with Nature in French Literature
GEOG 0207 Resource Wars: A Geopolitical Perspective
GEOG 0210 Geographic Perspectives on International Development OR
GEOG 0213 Population Geography
GEOG 0216 Rural Geography
GEOG 0225 Environmental Change in Latin America
GEOG 0232 Human-Environmental Interactions
HARC 0231 Architecture and the Environment
HARC 0264 Art, Change, and the Global Environment
HARC 0327 Photography and the Environmental Ethos
HIST 0222 Introduction to Environmental History
HIST 0411 Readings in U.S. History: American Environmental History (formerly HIST 0406)
HIST 0441 Readings in African History: Environmental History (formerly HIST 0419)
IGST 0402 World Rivers, Transboundary Stories: Global Literature and Environmental Policy
PHIL 0356 Philosophy and the Environment
PSCI 0209 Local Green Politics
PSCI 0212 Comparative Environmental Politics
PSCI 0214 International Environmental Politics
PSCI 0421 Seminar in American Environmental Politics
PSCI 0452 Transnational Transformations and the Environment
PSYC 0233 Environmental Psychology
PSYC 0416 Environmental Problems and Human Behavior
RELI 0295 Faith, Freedom, and Ecology
RELI 0395 Religion, Ethics, and the Environment
SOAN 0159 Human Origins, Culture, and Biodiversity
SOAN 0211 Human Ecology
SOAN 0308 Environmental Sociology
SOAN 0321 Native Peoples of the Americas
SOAN 0333 Africa: Environment and Society
SPAN 0384 Place and the Environment in Spanish American Fiction
 
IV. Senior Experience
All seniors are required to take ENVS 0401, the ENVS senior seminar devoted to community-connected learning and requiring significant interdisciplinary work. Note that some ENVS foci require independent work during the senior year. Students who are not required to do independent senior work in their focus may elect to do independent work in ENVS, which may be carried out as a one or more semester ENVS 0500 project, or as an ENVS thesis (at least one semester of ENVS 0500 followed by one semester of ENVS 0700). For further details, please visit http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/es/requirements/seniorwork.

Students must carry out this work under the supervision of a faculty member whose expertise is in the area that best characterizes the project. Students planning to conduct independent work are strongly encouraged to speak with their advisor and the director well in advance of enrolling in ENVS 0500.

ENVS 0112 Natural Science and the Environment (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
We will explore in detail a series of current environmental issues in order to learn how knowledge of principles of biology, chemistry, geology, and physics helps us to identify and understand environmental problems and to shape policies for effective solutions. Topics covered will emphasize transnational environmental issues, including global warming, ozone, species extinction, human population growth, and world food production. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab. SCI (Fall 2013: P. Ryan; Spring 2014: S. Trombulak)

ENVS/SOAN 0210 Social Class and the Environment (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the consequence of growth, technological development, and the evolution of ecological sacrifice zones. Texts will serve as the theoretical framework for in-the-field investigations, classroom work, and real-world experience. The Struggle for Environmental Justice outlines resistance models; Shadow Cities provides lessons from the squatters movement; Ben Hewitt's The Town that Food Saved describes economy of scale solutions, and David Owen's The Conundrum challenges environmentalism. Texts will guide discussions, serve as lenses for in-the-field investigations, and the basis for writing. We will also travel to Hardwick and Putney, Vermont, to explore new economic-environmental models. (Not open to students who have taken ENVS/WRPR 1014) 3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC (H. Vila)

ENVS/PSCI 0211 Conservation and Environmental Policy (Fall 2013)
This course examines conservation and environmental policy in the United States. In order to better understand the current nature of the conservation and environmental policy process, we will begin by tracing the development of past ideas, institutions, and policies related to this policy arena. We will then focus on contemporary conservation and environmental politics and policy making—gridlock in Congress, interest group pressure, the role of the courts and the president, and a move away from national policy making—toward the states, collaboration, and civil society. 3 hrs. lect./disc. NOR, SOC (C. Klyza)

ENVS 0211 Conservation and Environmental Policy (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine conversation and environmental policy in the United States. We will begin by motivating the need for conservation and environmental policy and providing a brief history of environmental policy in the U.S. Next we will focus on the issue of local versus national control in governing environmental and conservation issues. We will then cover the process of policy design, implementation, and enforcement. Finally, we will explore benefit-cost analysis and the evaluation of public policies. The course will consist of lectures and classroom discussions related to the assigned readings and current environmental policy issues. 3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC (C. Ashcraft)

ENVS/ENAM 0215 Nature's Meanings: American Experiences (Fall 2013)
What we think of as "nature" today is the result of a complex and fascinating history. The many meanings of nature emerge from Americans' experiences of the physical world and their understandings of, and contests over, their place in that world. This course will investigate how American meanings of nature have changed from European-Native contact to the present. How have changing meanings reshaped American culture and the natural environment? These questions will be addressed from historical, literary, religious, and philosophical perspectives. Readings may include: Emerson, Thoreau, Marsh, Muir, Leopold, and Carson, as well as other Euro-American and Native American writers. 3 hrs. lect. NOR (D. Brayton)

ENVS 0215 Nature's Meanings: American Experiences (Spring 2014)
Today’s ideas about "nature" have emerged from a complex history of diverse experiences, perceptions, and understandings of the bio-physical world, and of contests over that world. In this course we will investigate how American meanings of nature have changed from European-Native contact to the present. These questions will be addressed from multi-disciplinary perspectives in the humanities and will include attention to race, class, gender, and environmental justice. Topics and readings may include: Native American authors, Emerson, Thoreau, Marsh, Muir, Leopold, and Carson, as well as rural, urban, pastoral, and marine ecological contexts. 3 hrs. lect. NOR (R. Gould)

ENVS/DANC 0277 Body and Earth (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course has been designed for students with an interest in the dialogue between the science of body and the science of place. Its goals are to enhance movement efficiency through experiential anatomy and to heighten participants' sensitivity to natural processes and forms in the Vermont bioregion. Weekly movement sessions, essays by nature writers, and writing assignments about place encourage synthesis of personal experience with factual information. Beyond the exams and formal writing assignments, members of the class will present a final research project and maintain an exploratory journal. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab. ART, CW (fall), NOR, PE (A. Olsen)

ENVS 0380 Global Challenges of the 21st Century (Fall 2013)
In this course we will begin by studying theories of social and political change, and then we will analyze the systematic causes of poverty and environmental degradation around the world. We will then study prospective solutions, focusing on the role of selective members of global civil society, including social entrepreneurs, in achieving these solutions. Over the course of the semester, each student will prepare a comprehensive analysis on how to tackle and overcome a specific global challenge. This course is equivalent to IGST 0380 (ENVS 0211 or PSCI 0214) 3 hrs. sem. SOC (C. Ashcraft)

ENVS/PSCI 0390 Environmental Negotiation and Dispute Resolution (Spring 2014)
In this seminar, we will gain an understanding of environmental negotiation and dispute resolution as applied to public policy at both the domestic and international levels. We will consider the mutual gains approach to negotiation, facilitation, mediation, and dispute systems design. We will grapple with challenging features typical of environmental negotiations, such as the large number of stakeholders involved, scientific uncertainty, and value differences. We will undertake role-playing simulations. Throughout, we will think critically about the negotiating styles and assumptions employed by both seminar participants and those presented in course materials. (Junior or Senior standing; Sophomores by approval; ENVS 0211 or IGST 0101 or PSCI 0109). 3 hrs. sem. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) SOC (C. Ashcraft)

ENVS 0401 Environmental Studies Senior Seminar (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A single environmental topic will be explored through reading, discussion, and individual research. Topics will vary from semester to semester, but will focus on issues with relevance to the local region and with interdisciplinary dimensions, such as temperate forests, lake ecosystems, or public lands policy. The class involves extensive reading, student-led discussions, and a collaborative research project. (Senior standing; ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, and GEOG 0120) 3 hrs. sem./3 hrs. lab (Fall2013: J. Isham C. Ashcraft; Spring 2014: R. Gould, M. Costanza-Robinson)

ENVS/ENAM 0445 Recent Novels of Environmental Justice (Spring 2014)
In recent years environmental justice has emerged as a major topic in the humanities. This intersection of environmentalism and social justice is motivated by a concern for the differential access to natural resources (clean water, clean air, tillable land) afforded to different groups of people within particular social systems. Students will encounter these themes through the reading of many global Anglophone novels, including Waterland, by Graham Swift; The Hungry Tide, by Amitav Ghosh; Animal's People, by Indra Sinha; A Thousand Acres, by Jane Smiley; Ceremony, by Leslie Marmon Silko; and Disgrace, by J.M. Coetzee. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, LIT (D. Brayton)

ENVS 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A one- or two-semester research project on a topic that relates to the relationship between humans and the environment. The project, carried out under the supervision of a faculty member with related expertise, must involve a significant amount of independent research and analysis. Students may enroll in ENVS 0500 no more than twice for a given project. (Approval only) (Staff)

ENVS 0700 Senior Honors Work (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The final semester of a multi-semester research project on a topic pertinent to the relationship between humans and the environment. Students may enroll in ENVS 0700 only once. (Previous work would have been conducted as one or two semesters of an ENVS 0500 Independent Study project.) The project, carried out under the supervision of a faculty member, will result in a substantial piece of writing, and will be presented to other ENVS faculty and students in a public forum. (Senior standing; ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, GEOG 0120, and ENVS 0500; Approval only) (Staff)

Film & Media Culture
Major Requirements: Students must complete ten courses to satisfy the requirements for a major in Film and Media Culture. Before declaring a Film and Media Culture major, the student must have completed or be currently enrolled in one of the basic core courses. Those courses are as follows:
     Basic Core Course Requirements: FMMC 0101 Aesthetics of the Moving Image, FMMC 0102 Film History, FMMC 0104 TV and American Culture, one production course - either FMMC 0105 Sight and Sound or FMMC 0106 Writing for the Screen I. The basic core courses must be completed by the end of the junior year.
     Required Advanced Courses: One 0300 level course in theory -- FMMC 0354, FMMC 0355, FMMC 0357, FMMC/GSFS 0358, FMMC 0360, or another approved 0300 level course -- to be completed during  junior year; and FMMC 0700 Film and Media Senior Tutorial.
     Electives: Four additional FMMC courses, with no more than two of these being a production or screenwriting course. With the prior permission of a student's academic advisor, one winter term FMMC course may be counted as an elective. Students taking courses focused on film and media taught in a foreign language, either at Middlebury or abroad, may request major elective credit from the FMMC chair. Note that courses may not count toward both FMMC and another department's major or minor. Courses transferred from other institutions will normally count only as an elective toward the FMMC major, not to fulfill core requirements.
     Minor: Three required courses - FMMC 0101 Aesthetics of the Moving Image, FMMC 0102 Film History, FMMC 0104 TV and American Culture. In addition, minors must take three additional courses that are listed or cross-listed as FMMC. At least one of the three electives must be at the 0300 or 0400-level. Only one of the three electives may be from the production/screenwriting area.
     Joint Major: The joint major with FMMC is a combination of two disciplines, culminating in a joint senior project; the plan for joint majors is negotiated between the student and the two departments in which the joint program of study is pursued at the time of declaring the joint major. The senior project must combine aspects of both majors and in most cases will require approval, supervision, and evaluation from either departments or programs. The film and media culture part of the joint major requires a minimum of seven courses, including the FMMC core requirements, FMMC 0700 Film and Media Senior Tutorial, and any courses required or appropriate prior to undertaking the joint senior project.FMMC supports concentrations in American Studies and Environmental Studies, as detailed on their respective pages.
     Honors: The faculty of film and media culture will award honors to select students based on their overall excellence in film and media coursework with a minimum GPA of 3.7, and on the merit of their senior project.

FMMC 0101 Aesthetics of the Moving Image (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
How do films convey meaning, generate emotions, and work as an art form? What aspects of film are shared by television and videogames? This course is designed to improve your ability to watch, reflect on, and write about moving images. The course will be grounded in the analysis of cinema (feature films, documentaries, avant-garde, and animation) with special focus on film style and storytelling techniques. Study will extend to new audio-visual media as well, and will be considered from formal, cultural, and theoretical perspectives. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. ART (C. Keathley)

FMMC 0102 Film History (Fall 2013)
This course will survey the development of the cinema from 1895 to present. Our study will emphasize film as an evolving art, while bearing in mind the influence of technology, economic institutions, and the political and social contexts in which the films were produced and received. Screenings will include celebrated works from Hollywood, international cinema, documentary, and the avant-garde. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen ART, HIS (A. Grindon)

FMMC/AMST 0104Television and American Culture (Spring 2014)
This course explores American life in the last six decades through an analysis of our central medium: television. Spanning a history of television from its origins in radio to its future in digital convergence, we will consider television's role in both reflecting and constituting American society through a variety of approaches. Our topical exploration will consider the economics of the television industry, television's role within American democracy, the formal attributes of a variety of television genres, television as a site of gender and racial identity formation, television's role in everyday life, and the medium's technological and social impacts. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen NOR, SOC (J. Mittell)

FMMC 0105 Sight and Sound I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course students will gain a theoretical understanding of the ways moving images and sounds communicate, as well as practical experience creating time-based work. We will study examples of moving images as we use cameras, sound recorders, and non-linear editing software to produce our own series of short works. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the possibilities of the medium through experimentation, analysis, and detailed feedback while exploring different facets of cinematic communication. (FMMC 0101, or FMMC 0102, or approval of instructor) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART (Fall 2013: I. Uricaru, Spring 2014: (D. Houghton)

FMMC/CRWR 0106 Writing for the Screen I (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the fundamental elements of dramatic narrative as they relate to visual storytelling. We will emphasize the process of generating original story material and learning the craft of screenwriting, including topics such as story, outline, scene structure, subtext, character objectives, formatting standards, and narrative strategies. Weekly writing assignments will emphasize visual storytelling techniques, tone and atmosphere, character relationships, and dialogue. Students will be required to complete short screenplays. Required readings will inform and accompany close study of selected screenplays and films. (FMMC 0101 OR CRWR 0170 or approval of instructor) 3 hrs. sem. ART (I. Uricaru)

FMMC/AMST 0238 Film Noir (Spring 2014)
A series of urban crime films and melodramas made in Hollywood between 1940-1960, but concentrated in the decade immediately after World War II, have been understood by critics to constitute the movement of film noir. In this course we will study prominent films from this group as well as contemporary films influenced by them, and the critical literature they have elicited in order to understand the cultural sources, the stylistic attributes, the social significance, and the long-term influence attributed to film noir. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. ART, NOR (L. Grindon)

FMMC/AMST 0242 Film Comedy (Spring 2014)
A survey of American film comedy from the silent era to contemporary productions. The course will focus on various approaches such as clown comedy, romantic comedy, and satirical comedy. In addition, the course will explore screen comedy in the context of various theories of comedy, including the narrative design, the social dynamics, and the psychological understanding of humor. The filmmakers will include: Chaplin, Keaton, Lubitsch, Wilder, Woody Allen, among others. Screenings, readings and written assignments. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0102 or instructor approval) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. screen. (L. Grindon)

FMMC 0244 International Cinema: The Art of Ellipsis (Fall 2013)
In 1936, film critic Roger Leenhardt declared, “cinema is the art of ellipsis.” But this claim seems to contradict our most basic understanding of film. After all, movies are about what we see, not about what we don’t. Or are they? In fact, Leenhardt was suggesting that the richest tradition in cinema explores the dynamic between the seen and the unseen, the shown and the unshown. In this course, we will carefully study four international film classics that effectively exemplify this dynamic in terms of narrative, character, and, most importantly, cinematic style. Films studied will be: Jean Renoir’s Rules of the Game (France, 1939); Yasujiro Ozu’s Late Spring (Japan, 1949); Otto Preminger’s Anatomy of a Murder (US, 1959); and Abbas Kiarostami’s Close-Up (Iran, 1990). 3 hrs. lect../3 hrs. screen ART (C. Keathley)

FMMC/CHNS 0250 Chinese Cinema (Fall 2013)
This course, taught in English, surveys the history of movies in China since the 1930s and also offers an in-depth look at the work of: China's fifth-generation directors of the 1980s and their successors up to the present; Taiwan's new wave; and Hong Kong popular cinema, including martial arts film. Our focus is the screening and discussion of films such as The Goddess (a 1934 silent classic), Stage Sisters (1965; directed by the influential Xie Jin), the controversial Yellow Earth (1984), In the Heat of the Sun (a 1994 break with the conventional representation of the Cultural Revolution), Yang Dechang's masterpiece A One and a Two (2000), and Still Life (Jia Zhangke's 2006 meditation on displacement near the Three Gorges Dam). The course is designed to help students understand the place of cinema in Chinese culture and develop the analytical tools necessary for the informed viewing and study of Chinese film. We will look at everything from art film, to underground film, to recent box office hits. (No prerequisites) 3 hrs. lect.,3 hrs. screen.. AAL, ART (T. Moran)

FMMC/GFSF 0264 Indian Cinema: Romance, Nation, and Identity (Spring 2014)
In this course we will use the lens of romance to examine the world's largest film-making industry.  Focusing primarily on Hindi cinema produced in Bombay/Mumbai, we will examine the narrative conventions, aesthetic devices (such as song-dance sequences), and other cinematic conventions that are unique to Indian films' narration of romance.  Through a historical overview of films from the silent, colonial, and post-colonial eras into the contemporary era of globalization, we will track how the family is configured, the assignment of gender roles, and how national identity is allegorized through family romance.  The course includes weekly screenings of films, which will be sub-titled in English.  3 hrs. lect. AAL, ART, SOC (S. Moorti)

FMMC 0279 Film and Literature (Spring 2014)
The most common approach to the study of film and literature focuses on cinematic adaptations of literary works, but in this course we will broaden that tack, expanding to more of a comparative approach and considering topics relevant to both forms. We will explore how the cinema developed a formal language equivalent to the novel, as well as how fiction writing has influenced and been influenced by film. We will also consider how cinema’s position as the equivalent of the novel has been usurped by television. Films screened will include A Day in the Country; Le Plaisir; Blow-Up; the recent BBC series Sherlock; and others. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0102 or ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101) (Formerly FMMC 0276) ART, LIT (C. Keathley)

FMMC 0282 Video Games as Art, Culture, and Medium (Spring 2014)
Video games have become one of the world's most important entertainment forms, exerting broad influence economically, aesthetically, culturally, and socially. This course explores the medium of the video game in its multiple facets and offers an introduction to the academic subfield of game studies. We will read about game history, design, and cultural criticism, as well as play an array of games to gain a better understanding of how this medium matters. Prior background in gaming is not required. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0104 or by approval) 3 hrs. sem./lab  (J. Mittell)

FMMC 0285 Producing Environmental Media (Spring 2014)
In this course we will work together as a team to produce a short computer animated film with an environmental theme.  Every team member will have a specific focus in the animation pipeline such as: modeling, rigging, animation, texturing, painting, concept art, sound design, music composition, writing, editing, or deployment.  Beyond our concrete animation goals, we will develop real-world experience in the core skills of team-building, communication, presentation, strategic planning, and resource management.  Most students should have prior animation experience; some will be admitted for their environmental studies or film production background. (Approval required) 3 hrs. workshop ART (D. Houghton)

FMMC 0330 Hollywood Renaissance, 1967-76 (Spring 2014)
In this course we will study the transition in American film history from the classical studio based production system to contemporary practice, sometimes known as "the Hollywood Renaissance," will be studied.  We will explore numerous changes marking this transition, including the influence of the European "art" cinema, the shift from the Production Code to the current ratings system, the impact of a young generation of filmmakers trained in the academy, developments in film technology, and the social and political changes influencing American culture during this era. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0102 or by approval) 3 hrs. seminar/3 hr. screen ART, NOR (L. Grindon)

FMMC 0335 Sight and Sound II (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore non-fiction, narrative, and experimental modes of production. We will emphasize thorough pre-production planning, expanded understanding of image and sound, and editing. The critical dialogue established in Sight and Sound I will be extended and augmented with readings and screenings of outstanding independently produced work. (Approval-required; FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0105 ) Obtain application on FMMC website online and submit prior to the start of registration. Priority given to FMMC majors. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. (D. Houghton)

FMMC/CRWR 0341 Writing for the Screen II (Spring 2014)
Building on the skills acquired in Writing for the Screen I, students will complete the first drafts of their feature-length screenplay. Class discussion will focus on feature screenplay structure and theme development using feature films and screenplays. Each participant in the class will practice pitching, writing coverage, and outlining, culminating in a draft of a feature length script. (Approval required, obtain application on the FMMC website and submit prior to spring registration) 3 hrs. sem/3 hrs. screen. ART (I. Uricaru)

FMMC 0348 3D Computer Animation (Fall 2013)
3D computer animation has revolutionized animation, graphics, and special effects. In this course students will explore basic 3D modeling techniques, virtual material and texture creation, digital lighting, rendering, and animation. Every workshop will be hands on and fully immersed in this rapidly evolving technology. Students will leave with a strong conceptual understanding of the 3D graphics pipeline, a fundamental 3D skill set, options for further study, and an independent final animation project. (FMMC 0105 or by approval) 3 hrs. workshop ART (D. Houghton)

FMMC 0360 Methods of Film Criticism (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will study film criticism. Questions include: How does criticism combine description, analysis, interpretation and evaluation? What are the values and techniques of various methods of film analysis, such as genre, authorship and neo-formalism? What can techniques, such as plot segmentation, teach us about film narrative? How can criticism take into account the response of the spectator? Films considered will be those which raise particular challenges for the film critic. Assignments will include readings, screenings, class presentations, short papers, and a 10-12 page research essay. (FMMC 0101 or FMMC 0102 or instructor's approval) 3 hrs. lecture/3 hrs. screen. CW (A. Grindon)

FMMC 0507 Advanced Independent work in Film and Media Culture (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Guidelines for submitting proposals are available on the Film & Media Culture web site along with a list of prerequisites. (Staff)

FMMC 0700 Film and Media Senior Tutorial (Spring 2014)
All FMMC majors must complete this course, in which they undertake a critical essay, a screenplay, or a video. The following prerequisite courses are required: for a video project: FMMC 0105, FMMC 0335, FMMC/CRWR0106; for a screenwriting project: FMMC 0105, FMMC/CRWR 0106, FMMC/CRWR 0341; for a research essay: demonstrated knowledge in the topic of the essay, as determined in consultation with the project advisor, and coursework relevant to the topic as available. (I. Uricaru)

French
Required for the Major in French: Total of no fewer than 10 courses, no more than 16.
     I. Two introductions to French literature: FREN 0210, FREN 0221, or specified courses in Paris, Poitiers, or Bordeaux, or in Cameroon; or equivalent in the Middlebury summer French School when offered.
     II. One course in contemporary French or Francophone civilization: FREN 0230, courses on contemporary France, or specified French or Francophone civilization in Paris, Poitiers, or Bordeaux, or in Cameroon; or equivalent in the Middlebury summer French School when offered.
     III. One course in French, Cameroonian, or Francophone Africa history: In Paris, FREN 2333 (Histoire de la France), FREN 2350 (Architecture et urbanisme), or other equivalent.
     IV. Three advanced courses in French or Francophone literature or civilization.
     V. One unit of senior work: senior seminar FREN 0400-level (literature or civilization) or senior project (FREN 0500, FREN 0700).
     During the senior year, majors must take at least two advanced literature or civilization courses in French at Middlebury, including one senior seminar or unit of independent work.
     Other courses counting for the major include:
     (1) At the Vermont campus: FREN 0205, FREN 0255, among others; certain advanced courses offered during the winter term (with permission of the chair); certain summer courses at the 0300 (intermediate) or 0400 (advanced) level; and,
     (2) In France and Cameroon: language and linguistics courses; comparative literature (with a major French or Francophone component); French or Francophone arts, theatre, cinema, television, or politics.
     We expect majors to spend their junior year at the Middlebury College School in France or in Cameroon. The year program carries nine units of credit; the semester program carries four or five units of credit. In order to ensure that students are exposed to a variety of disciplines, no more than five units (full-year program) or three units (semester program) may be counted toward a Middlebury French major. Most courses in France will be at the advanced level.
     Required for a Joint Major: The French Department does not offer a joint major.
     Required for a Minor in French: Minimum of five courses, FREN 0205 and above, including at least two introductory courses (FREN 0210, FREN 0221, FREN 0230) and at least one course in literature or civilization at the advanced level. The minor may include courses taken at the School in France (maximum of two from the semester program, three from the full-year program).
     Students with a College Board AP score of 4 or 5 will receive one unit of credit toward graduation if the first course successfully completed at Middlebury is FREN 0210 or above in accordance with placement and departmental advising. AP credits may not be counted toward the major.
     Senior Independent Work: Upon completing at least two 0300-level courses in French or Francophone literature or civilization, majors will be required in their senior year to complete senior work consisting of a significant research paper in the context of a senior seminar (0400-level), or an independent project or essay (0500 or 0700), on a topic of their choosing, under the guidance of a member of the department. Such independent work may also occasionally be undertaken in the context of an advanced course or be linked to a teaching internship.
     Honors: Majors who are well prepared and who have an average in French of B+ or better may choose to become candidates for honors in French by completing an honors essay or project worth one unit (FREN 0500, one semester) or a thesis worth 2 units (FREN 0700, semester and winter term) during their senior year. To undertake a FREN 0500 or FREN 0700 project eligible for senior honors, students should consult the departmental guidelines and present their proposals well in advance of registration for the term when the work is to be started. The department will determine whether to award honors, high honors, or highest honors on the basis of a student's work in the department and performance on the senior honors project.
     International and Global Studies Major with French Language: : (1) proficiency in French (a minimum of two of FREN 0210, FREN 0221, FREN 0230 or work in the French Summer School at the 0400-level or above); (2) at least one semester, and preferably a year, at one of the C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools in France, Cameroon, or in another French-speaking country; (3) three courses at the advanced level (taken at of our schools in France, Cameroon, or in another French-speaking country); and (4) one or more courses at the 0300- or 0400-level upon return from abroad.
     International and Global Studies Major, European Studies Track: (1) Language proficiency: see above; (2) regional specialization: choose from FREN 0230 and courses at the 0300-level, or others (Vermont campus), in consultation with the track director; courses in French or Francophone civilization at Middlebury in France or in another French-speaking country; (3) disciplinary specialization: two courses from FREN 0210, 0221, 0230; three French or Francophone literature or civilization courses at the advanced level at Middlebury or at Middlebury in France or in Cameroon; (4) at least one semester, and preferably a year, at the Middlebury College School in France or in another French-speaking country; and (5) one or more additional courses at the 0300 or 0400 level, or senior independent work in French, upon return from abroad.
     Study Abroad in France and in Cameroon: Middlebury offers both year and semester programs in Paris, Poitiers, and Bordeaux, and in Cameroon. Students may count three courses from the semester program, five from the full-year program, toward a major in French, two courses from the semester program and three from the full-year program toward a minor in French. They should, in any event, contact the Office of Off-Campus Study before registering for their sophomore year.
     It should be noted that while students wishing to attend one of our programs in France or in Cameroon must demonstrate a level of proficiency in the language that will allow them to function successfully in the French or Cameroonian university setting, they need not be French majors: the C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in France (Paris, Poitiers, Bordeaux) offers students the opportunity to take courses in history, history of art, economics, cinema, political science, psychology, sociology, studio art, the natural sciences, and the environment, among other disciplines, in addition to courses in languages and literature.
     Students planning to study in France or Cameroon for the entire academic year must have completed two full years of college credit by the time they undertake their study abroad; they must have successfully completed at least one course beyond FREN 0205 by the time they arrive abroad; and they must have an average in French of at least B. Students applying for one semester only are required to take FREN 0221 or 0230 before study abroad. We expect all applicants to demonstrate their commitment to French and maintain their fluency by continuous study of French from the time of their enrollment at Middlebury, and to maintain their academic level if they are accepted to study abroad. They are required to take a French course in the semester before study abroad.
     Students interested in studying abroad should speak to someone in the Office of International Programs & Off-Campus Study, Sunderland Language Center, well in advance of applying. They will need to seek prior approval of School in France and School in Cameroon courses from the appropriate department chairs if they wish course work to count toward a specific minor or major. The Office of Off-Campus Study will provide information about the program and application forms.

FREN 0101 Intensive Beginning French (Fall 2013)
For students who have not previously studied French, an introduction to listening, speaking, reading, and writing in French, providing the syntactic and semantic foundation of the French language in a concentrated program of grammar presentation, drills, laboratory work, and discussion. Primary emphasis will be placed on the student's active use of the language, and weekly attendance at the French language table will be required. This course does not fulfill the foreign language distribution requirement. Students are expected to continue with FREN 0102 in the winter term after successfully completing FREN 0101, and with FREN 0103 in the spring. 6 hrs. lect./disc. (W. Poulin-Deltour, J. Tamas)

FREN 0103 Beginning French (Spring 2014)
Emphasis on increased control and proficiency in the language through audiovisual, conversational, and drill methods. Readings and film enlarge the student's view of French life and culture. (FREN 0101 and FREN 0102) 5 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (W. Poulin-Deltour, C. Nunley)

FREN 0105 Accelerated Beginning French (Spring 2014)
This intensive course is a condensation of FREN 0101 and 0102 for students who have never before studied French. We will focus on the development of all four communicative skills in an immersion-style environment. Primary emphasis will be placed on increased oral proficiency through audiovisual, conversational, and drill methods. Upon successful completion of this course students will be prepared for second-year French in the fall. Weekly attendance at the French language table will be required. 6 hrs. lect./disc./1 hr. drill (J. Weber)

FREN 0203 Intensive Intermediate French (Fall 2013)
An active and intensive review of French grammar for students having had good beginning-level training in French. We will work not only to perfect mastery of the structures of the language with practice of writing and reading, but also to develop oral comprehension and production skills. (FREN 0103 or placement) 5 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (B. Humbert, M. Barbaud-McWilliams)

FREN 0205 Toward Liberated Expression (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A course designed to increase and perfect the ability to express oneself in spoken and written French. Emphasis on precision, variety, and vocabulary acquisition. Sections limited to 15 students. (FREN 0203 or placement) This requirement for the major and the minor may be satisfied by placement at a higher level. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (Fall 2013: C. Nunley, A. Crouzieres-Ingenthron, M. Barbaud-McWilliams; Spring 2014: B. Humbert, J. Tamas)

FREN 0210 Identity in French Literature (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Exploration of differing views of the self, society, and the world in major works of French poetry, drama, and prose. This course is designed to develop students' ability to read and critique literature in French, as a transition from FREN 0205 to more advanced literature courses. (FREN 0205 or by placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT, LNG (Fall 2013: C. Nunley; Spring 2014: J. Tamas, J. Weber)

FREN 0221 From Romanticism to Modernism (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The 19th and 20th centuries were marked by social and political revolutions and by literary and artistic movements that changed our attitudes to art and to ourselves, including romanticism, realism, symbolism, surrealism, and existentialism. We will study literary texts, artistic and philosophical movements, and the social circumstances that conditioned them. Close readings of the texts (including prose, drama, and poetry) will develop critical vocabulary and writing skills. Authors may include Hugo, Balzac, Flaubert, Baudelaire, Gide, Camus, Sartre, and Francophone writers. (FREN 0210 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (1 additional hr. for CW [fall]) CW (fall, 8 spaces), EUR, LIT, LNG (Fall 2013: J. Weber, A. Crouzieres-Ingenthron; Spring 2014: M. Barbaud-McWilliams)

FREN 0230 Introduction to Contemporary France (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
An introduction to several major sectors and themes: the family, the school system, social structures, the economy, the political structures and parties. Emphasis on the vocabulary of these sectors, language appropriate to situating them in context, and the ability to analyze documents involving such themes. (FREN 0210, or FREN 0221; FREN 0205 by approval only; ordinarily this course is closed to first-semester first year students) This requirement for the major may also be met by certain courses abroad, or by an equivalent in the summer French School. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LNG, SOC (Fall 2013: P. Schwartz; Spring 2014: W. Poulin-Deltour, P. Schwartz)

FREN 0306 Study and Production of a Play (Spring 2014)
French through theatre: This course is a semester-long workshop that will culminate in the production of a play by a French or Francophone playwright. Students will participate in all aspects of the production process, from costuming and music to prompting and publicity. Two performances will be held at the end of the semester. All activity will be conducted in French. In addition to regularly scheduled classes, this course will involve additional time each week in rehearsal. (FREN 0221 or by waiver) ART, LNG (C. Nunley)

FREN 0316 Animal Encounters in French Literature (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore representations of animals in French literature. Animals have played an important role in literature, yet, in post-Darwinian modernity their depiction became increasingly tied to a questioning of the human/animal divide. What are the recurrent motifs and concerns that shape depictions of animals in 19th century French literature? What ethical and social questions do they raise? We will study fictional works of animal metamorphosis, and literary accounts of zoos and animal spectacles, as well as ways in which animals have been used as a rhetorical device to de-humanize "Others"—women and foreigners, in particular. We will read texts by Baudelaire, Balzac, Maupassant, Flaubert, Zola, Lautréamont, and Rachilde. (FREN 0221 or by waiver). 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT, LNG (J. Weber)

FREN 0341 French Cinema (Spring 2014)
In this course we will study two aspects of French cinema: French history through films and French filmmaking through history. We will examine films dealing with specific eras or events of French history or culture, as well as the major trends of French film history and the evolution of French filmmaking. Directors studied may include: Renoir, Truffaut, Godard, Rohmer, Kurys, Besson. (FREN 0221 or FREN 0230 or by waiver). 3 hrs. lect./disc. 2 hrs. screening. ART, EUR, LNG (B. Humbert)

FREN/PSCI 0351 Presidents of the Fifth Republic (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine presidential power in France’s Fifth Republic, introduced in 1958. We will study the seven presidents of the Fifth Republic—Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, François Mitterrand, Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy, and Francois Hollande—through memoirs, speeches, research monographs, journal articles, and biographies. We will focus on the content of their domestic and foreign policies as well as their leadership strategies and visions for France in a comparative perspective. (This course will be taught in French; FREN 0230 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. and film screenings EUR, LNG, SOC (O. Eglene)

FREN/GSFS 0368 French Sexual Politics (Fall 2013)
Reaction to the recent Dominic Strauss-Kahn scandal and deliberations over same-sex marriage are but two illustrations of the important role sex and gender differences continue to play in contemporary French society. In this course we will examine the political responses such phenomena have elicited. Topics will include: the evolution of gender roles within French family structure, including homoparentalité; attempts to increase women's participation in French national politics, especially via the parité initiative; the question of Muslim women's integration in-or exclusion from-French society; and the attention given to sex and gender differences in anti-discrimination policies. We will critically assess French media and writings from sociology and political philosophy. (This course will be taught in French; FREN 0230 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LNG, SOC (W. Poulin-Deltour)

FREN 0388 Dangerous Liaisons: Love and Death before the French Revolution (Fall 2013)
Laclos's famous book Les Liaisons dangereuses highlights the dangerous collusion between love and death, but this unexpected association is not exclusive to 18th-century libertinism. Since the Middle Ages, the Tristan myth has defined love as a fatal passion. Is a sense of fatality necessarily associated with love? How did the conception of love evolve, and what does it say about power relations and gender tensions? In this course we will study texts that are critical to understanding the mentalities and sensibilities of French society. Readings include texts by Béroul, Labé, Guilleragues, Racine, Cazotte, and Laclos. We will also watch three films, L'Éternel retour by Jean Delannoy, La Religieuse portugaise by Eugène Green, and Cruel Intentions by Roger Kumble. (FREN 0221 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT, LNG (J. Tamas)

FREN 0460 Resistance and Memory: France in the Second World War (Fall 2013)
The Second World War has cast a long shadow over France's postwar history and politics. Contemporary events are still refracted through the prism of a past that, as one historian has noted, does not seem to go away. We will focus on a critical aspect of that past, the French Resistance, a politically and socially diverse underground movement that took root in a divided nation under the collaborationist Vichy regime and German occupation. What forms did refusal take, how did resistance function, and what motivated resisters to risk their lives? We will examine the myths, realities, and legacy of the Resistance through original documents and period artifacts, memoirs and testimony, film and fiction, and seminal works of postwar historiography. Students will produce a significant piece of independent research to present to the class. (Open to French Senior Majors) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (P. Schwartz)

FREN 0478 Hugo: Man of His Century (Spring 2014)
In this senior seminar we will explore the 19^th century through the work of Victor Hugo. His identification with his time is a natural starting point to study the interface of society, literature, and art. We will read two novels, two plays, numerous poems, 19^th century newspapers, and Hugo’s theoretical essays. Students will choose to research one of Hugo’s many dimensions (poetry, novels, plays, drawings), or deepen their knowledge of a specific period of the century through Hugo’s political commitment. This seminar will include a significant research component. (Open to French Senior Majors) 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (M. Barbaud-McWilliams)

FREN 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Qualified students may be permitted to undertake a special project in reading and research under the direction of a member of the department. Students should seek an advisor and submit a proposal to the department well in advance of registration for the term in which the work is to be undertaken. FREN 0500 projects or essays proposed by senior majors for fall or spring may be eligible for departmental honors. (Approval required by the department as a whole. See requirements above.) (Staff)

FREN 0700 Senior Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
For senior majors who are candidates for departmental honors. Students should seek an advisor and submit a proposal to the department well in advance of registration for the term in which the work is to be undertaken. (Approval required by the department as a whole. See requirements above.) (Staff)

Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies
Requirements for a Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies Major: The major requires a minimum of ten courses and comprises several discrete aspects, as outlined below. Some of the courses can be double-counted if they fulfill different requirements within the major.
Major requirements (10 courses):
SOAN/GSFS 0191
One introductory course from the humanities, such as GSFS 0102, or GSFS 0234, or one approved by the director
GSFS 0200
GSFS 0320
Two courses to fulfill the Breadth Requirements (explained below)
Three electives bearing the GSFS prefix, one of which must be at the 0300-level or higher and one that must be at the 0400-level or higher
Senior Work (one-semester senior essay or multi-semester thesis)

     Breadth Requirements (2 courses): To ensure that students are conversant with and have some in-depth knowledge of the key concerns animating the field, they must take at least one course each from two of three breadth requirements. Courses meeting the breadth requirement can be found on the Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies webpage.
Intersectionality/Critical Race
Critical Sexuality Studies
National/Transnational Contexts

     Senior Work: Majors are required to complete an independent project based in the core field that applies feminist theory and methodology. The project may be either a one-semester senior essay or other creative work (GSFS 0700), or a multi-semester senior thesis (GSFS 0710).
     Minor Requirements: The minor comprises five courses including:

one introductory course from among SOAN/GSFS 0191, ENAM/GSFS 0102, or PHIL/GSFS 0234
GSFS 0200
GSFS 0320
two electives bearing the GSFS prefix

GSFS/CRWR 0172 Writing Gender and Sexuality (Spring 2014)
In this course we will analyze and produce writing that focuses on expressions of gender and sexuality.  Readings will include work by Collette, Baldwin, Leavitt, Powell, Tea, Claire and others.  Students will draft and revise creative non-fiction and fiction with some attention to poetry.  During class we will discuss form, craft, and the writing process; experiment with writing exercises; and critique student work in writing workshops.  Each student will meet with the instructor a minimum of three times and produce a portfolio of 20 revised pages.  (This course is a prerequisite to ENAM 0370, 0375, 0380, or 0385).  3 hrs. sem.  ART (C. Wright)

GSFS/SOAN 0191 Introduction to Sociology of Gender (Fall 2013)
What is gender and what would a sociology of it look like? When did gender become a category of inquiry and more importantly why? We will look at how the meaning and performance of gender changed over time, from Classical Greece to Victorian England, to the contemporary U.S. We will also look at how gender changes depending on one’s position in social space, e.g. one’s race, class, sexuality, and nationality. Finally, we will consider how the need to look at gender is the result of a variety of discourses, from psychoanalysis to capitalism to movements of liberation such as feminism. 3 hrs. lect. CMP, SOC (L. Essig)

GSFS 0200 Foundations in Women's and Gender Studies (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course provides an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of gender, sexuality, and feminist studies. Examining gender and sexuality always in conjunction with the categories of race and class, the course foregrounds how inequalities are perpetuated in different fields of human activity and the creative ways in which groups have resisted these processes. The course is organized in sections to illuminate the effects of particular social institutions and structures on individual lives. Each section will introduce a broad overview of feminist interventions in different fields of inquiry. Cumulatively, the course reveals the importance of gender and sexuality as  analytical categories to understand social reality and to comprehend important areas of culture. 3 hrs. lect. CMP, SOC (Fall 2013: S. Moorti, Spring 2014:  C. Faraone)

GSFS/SOAN 0212 The Family in Contemporary Society (Fall 2013)
This course will investigate the social, economic, and political forces that have brought about changes in family life in the beginning of the 21st century. We will begin by looking at various attempts to define "the family," and we will then explore a range of topics, including the webs of family relationships (e.g., mothering, fathering, kin networks), labor and family intersections (e.g., mediating between work and family; the household division of labor), gay and lesbian family life, and domestic violence. Although the focus will be on contemporary United States, we will also examine some cross-cultural and historical material. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, NOR, SOC (M. Nelson)

GSFS/PHIL 0234 Philosophy and Feminism (Fall 2013)
This course will examine the contributions of various feminists and feminist philosophers to some of the central problems of philosophical methodology, epistemology, philosophy of science, metaphysics, and ethics. Are there gendered assumptions in operation in the way particular philosophical problems are framed? For example, do the politics of gender contribute to accounts of objective knowledge and rationality? Are some philosophical perspectives better suited to the goals of feminism than others? We will also examine the general relationship between feminism and philosophy, and we will reflect on the relevance of theorizing and philosophizing for feminist political practice. CMP, PHL (H. Grasswick)

GSFS/JAPN 0250 Gender in Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine changing ideas about gender and sexuality in Japan in the 10th through 20th centuries, with special attention to the modern period. Sources will include literary texts, films, and social/historical studies. We will discuss topics, including women's writing in classical Japan; the commercialization of sexuality in the 18th century; ideas of "homosexuality" in late-medieval and modern times; and women's social roles and political struggles in the 20th century. 3 hr. lect./disc. AAL, LIT (L. White)

GSFS/FMMC 0264 Indian Cinema: Romance, Nation, and Identity (Spring 2014)
In this course we will use the lens of romance to examine the world's largest film-making industry. Focusing primarily on Hindi cinema produced in Bombay/Mumbai, we will examine the narrative conventions, aesthetic devices (such as song-dance sequences), and other cinematic conventions that are unique to Indian films' narration of romance. Through a historical overview of films from the silent, colonial, and post-colonial eras into the contemporary era of globalization, we will track how the family is configured, the assignment of gender roles, and how national identity is allegorized through family romance. The course includes weekly screenings of films, which will be sub-titled in English. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, ART, SOC (S. Moorti)

GSFS/SOAN 0304 Gender, Culture, and Power (Spring 2014)
This course will introduce students to the anthropological study of gender and sexuality. Topics to be addressed include: the construction of femininities and masculinities in cross-cultural perspective; the role of gender and class ideologies in labor relations and global capitalism; the historical development of gender as a locus of study, activism, and practice; and instances where anthropology has engaged in social movements including anti-violence and LGBT rights. Our readings will take us a number of places, from the streets of Los Angeles, to a factory in southern China, an Islamic fashion house in Indonesia, a men’s sex clinic in Oaxaca, a folklore performance in Mali, a comic book festival in Tokyo, a debate about women’s film in Iran. Students will be introduced to key frames of history and theory in the field of gender studies. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, CMP, CW (5 spaces), SOC (E. Oxfeld)

GSFS/AMST 0306 Sex and Sexuality: History, Culture, Politics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore how ordinary people make sense of their sexuality and how beliefs and practices toward sexuality change over time with a focus on the period since 1915.  We will examine the relationship between sexuality and other social differences, such as gender, class, race, and disability.  Finally, we will consider how experts-in religion, government, medicine, and the law-work to define and regulate sexuality.  Historical subjects will be complemented by contemporary issues such as the sexualization of girlhood, sexual violence, and marriage equality. Readings include works by Foucault, Berlant, Chauncey, and Meyerowitz. Primary sources include novels, film, television, legislation, and medical literature. 3 hrs. lect. HIS, NOR (H. Allen)

GSFS/PSYC 0307 Human Sexuality (Fall 2013)
This course will provide an introduction to the biological, psychosocial, behavioral, and cultural aspects of human sexuality. Specifically, the course will cover topics such as the physiology of sexual response, love and the development of sexual relationships, sexual orientation, contraceptive use, and sexually transmitted diseases. Emphasis will be given to discussion of relevant social issues, including sexual harassment, pornography, and cyberspace sexuality. Students will be encouraged to critically evaluate the sexual norms, attitudes, and practices of their own and other cultures. (Two psychology courses; not open to first year students; open to Psychology and GSFS majors) 3 hrs. lect. (S. Baldridge)

GSFS/SOAN 0314 Sociology of Heterosexuality (Spring 2014)
Most people believe that heterosexuality is natural or rooted in biology and so never look very closely at it as a product of culture. In this course we will examine the artifacts, institutions, rituals, and ideologies that construct heterosexuality and the heterosexual person in American culture. We will also pay close attention to how heterosexuality works alongside other forms of social power, especially gender, race, and class. (SOAN 0105 or SOAN 0191) 3 hrs. lect. CW (5 spaces), NOR, SOC (L. Essig)

GSFS 0320 Topics in Feminist Theory (Spring 2014)
The course offers an overview of some key feminist texts and theories that have shaped the analysis of gender and sexuality.  Each semester the instructor will choose a particular topical lens through which to examine some of the foundational theoretical texts that have animated the field of gender, sexuality, and feminist studies.  Working within a transnational perspective, the course encompasses texts which fall under the categories of critical race and critical sexuality studies. (GSFS 0200 or SOAN 0191) 3 hrs. lect. CMP, SOC (S. Moorti)

GSFS/SPAN 0326 Queer Latin American Literature and Cinema (Fall 2013)
While there is no equivalent word for queer in the Spanish language, queerness is a theoretical framework that informs Latin American Studies on gender and sexuality. In this course we will begin with an exploration of how Latin American and Caribbean intellectuals have thought about queer art and cultural productions from a diversity of concepts: "leche negra," "loca geografía," and "nación marica," among others. Through encounters with a selection of literature and cinema we will think aesthetically and contextually about the specificities of queerness in Latin America. We will read literary texts by Alejandra Pizarnik, Cristina Peri Rossi, José Joaquín Blanco, Reinaldo Arenas, Manuel Ramos Otero, Lilliana Ramos Collado, Severo Sarduy, Néstor Perlongher, and Pedro Lemebel. We will also watch movies such as El lugar sin límites, Plata quemada, Y tu mamá también, Fresa y chocolate, and Antes que anochezca. (SPAN 0220 or equivalent) AAL, LIT, LNG (Staff)

GSFS/RELI 0341 Gender and Sexuality in South Asian Religions (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on historical and ethnographic scholarship on Hinduism and Islam in South Asia. We will initially draw on the theories of Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, and third world feminists to examine issues of gender and sexuality. Then we will examine a range of case studies—including colonial interpretations of the Hindu practices of sati, the experiences of devadasis in Telugu south India, an account of a female Muslim healer in Hyderabad, and the religious practices of third-gendered hijras—to address how gender and sexuality are constructed in the religious landscape of South Asian Hinduism and Islam. Prior study of religion or women’s and gender studies is required. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, PHL (H. Kamath)

GSFS/FREN 0368 French Sexual Politics (Fall 2013)
Reaction to the recent Dominic Strauss-Kahn scandal and deliberations over same-sex marriage are but two illustrations of the important role sex and gender differences continue to play in contemporary French society. In this course we will examine the political responses such phenomena have elicited. Topics will include: the evolution of gender roles within French family structure, including homoparentalité; attempts to increase women's participation in French national politics, especially via the parité initiative; the question of Muslim women's integration in-or exclusion from-French society; and the attention given to sex and gender differences in anti-discrimination policies. We will critically assess French media and writings from sociology and political philosophy. (This course will be taught in French; FREN 0230 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LNG, SOC (W. Poulin-Deltour)

GSFS/ENAM 0371 In Different Voices: Postcolonial Writing by Women (Spring 2014)
In her important essay “Under Western Eyes,” Chandra Talpade Mohanty suggests that the experiences of women from the so-called Third World have to be understood in their own terms, rather than through the lens of Western feminism.  Focusing on writings by Assia Djebar, Tsitsi Dangarembga, Merle Hodge, Dionne Brand, Mahasweta Devi, Arundhati Roy, among others, we will examine how women from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean use fiction, poetry, and memoir to address a variety of concerns: familial relationships, caste, class, race, religious identity, history, education, work, national liberation, modernization, development, migration, diaspora, and globalization. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, CMP, LIT (Y. Siddiqi)

GSFS/AMST/HIST 0373 History of American Women: 1869-1999 (Fall 2013)
This course will examine women's social, political, cultural, and economic position in American society from 1869 through the late 20th century. We will explore the shifting ideological basis for gender roles, as well as the effects of race, class, ethnicity, and region on women's lives. Topics covered will include: women's political identity, women's work, sexuality, access to education, the limits of "sisterhood" across racial and economic boundaries, and the opportunities women used to expand their sphere of influence. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

GSFS/HIST 0393 A History of Gender in Early America (Spring 2014)
Exploration, conquest, settlement, revolution, and nation-building: no course in early American history should ignore such traditional topics. In this course, though, we will examine the various ways that gender shaped these historical processes. How, for example, did colonials’ assumptions about manhood and womanhood affect the development of slavery in America? Or how did the Founding Fathers’ identities as men inform their attitudes about democracy and citizenship? We will scrutinize historical documents, of both a private and public nature, and discuss several recent scholarly works on gender from 1600-1850 to consider these kinds of questions. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

GSFS 0406 The Global Sixties: Exploding Visual Cultures (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will explore the global upheavals of 1968 through the transdisciplinary lens of visual culture. Through a focus on architecture, film, and art we will unpack the political, social, and cultural climate that helped to define1968. Signature features of this historical moment such as the anxieties of modernism, feminist, sexual, and race-based movements, and postcolonial formations will be studied in sites and aesthetic experiments around the globe. While 1968 is often seen as uniquely Western, we will explores the implications of this epochal moment as it plays out in India, Brazil, Japan, and other non-Western centers of cultural production. This course is equivalent to JAPN 0406 and IGST 0406. 3 hrs. sem. ART, CMP (S. Moorti, S. Snyder)

GSFS/ENAM 0419 Gender, Power, and Politics on the Early Modern Stage (I) (Spring 2014)
In this class we will explore the representation of embodiment on the early modern stage, considering as we do so how theatrical embodiment intersects with other treatments of the body in early modern culture. As we consider the representation of the gendered body on stage or in so-called "closet" dramas, we will read both early modern and contemporary theoretical accounts of gender as performance, investigating among other issues the use of boy actors, the representation of specifically "female" disorders (e.g., "suffocation" or hysteria), the performance of maternity, the portrayal of female "voice" or vocality, and the treatment of same-sex eroticism. We will also study the dramatic use of related cultural codes pertaining to betrothal, marriage, cross-dressing, and sexual slander. Primary readings will include: Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, Webster's Duchess of Malfi, Cary's Tragedy of Mariam, and Cavendish's Convent of Pleasure. Historical sources will include midwifery manuals, conduct books, medical treatises on hysteria, and legal accounts of betrothal and marriage. (Open to junior and senior ENAM majors or by approval of instructor). 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LIT (M. Wells)

GSFS/HIST 0438 Readings in Middle Eastern History: Women and Islam (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine women's lives in Islamic societies from the seventh century to the contemporary period, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa. Readings will explore a variety of topics including the changing role of women from pre-Islamic to Islamic societies; women in the Qur’an and in Islamic law gender roles in relation to colonialism, nationalism, an Islamism; the experience of women in Sunni and Shi’a contexts; and Western images of Muslim women. (formerly HIST 0416) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, PHL (F. Armanios)

GSFS 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

GSFS 0700 Senior Essay (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

GSFS 0710 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Geography
Required for the Major: The geography major consists of 10 courses. All students who elect to major in geography must complete: GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; five elective courses at the 0200-level; one course at the 0300-level; one 0400-level seminar; and GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0170. Only one of the 0200-level courses may be numbered 0250 or above. An additional 0300-level course can be used as a substitute for a 0200-level elective. The electives and the seminar must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the major advisor.
     Required for a Joint Major: Other than the Geography focus in Environmental Studies, the Geography Department does not offer a joint major. Please refer to Environmental Studies for the Geography focus requirements.
     Required for a Minor: GEOG 0100, one 0400-level seminar, and three additional courses.
     Advanced Placement: One course credit will be awarded for an advanced placement (AP) score of 5 in human geography. Geography majors who receive a 5 on the AP exam may count this course credit as one 0200-level equivalent toward their major requirements, but are still required to complete GEOG 0100. The AP credit may not be used to satisfy joint major or minor requirements.
     Geography Specialization in International and Global Studies: GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; 3 courses from GEOG 0207, GEOG 0210, GEOG 0214, GEOG 0215, GEOG 0220, GEOG 0223, GEOG 0225; and one GEOG 0400-level seminar. Students writing a thesis must also take GEOG 0325 (formerly GEOG 0310) or GEOG 0339.
     Departmental Honors: Students who seek to earn honors are required to maintain a B+ average in the major and write a two-credit, honors thesis. In order to complete a senior thesis, students must have a proposal approved by a primary thesis advisor and a secondary departmental reader prior to registering for the first 0701credit. Upon completion of the thesis, thesis students will present their work in a public seminar and defend the thesis in front of the departmental faculty. Thesis presentations and defenses will typically take place during the final week of classes or the examination period. Upon completion of the presentation and defense, the primary advisor and secondary departmental reader will be responsible for evaluating and grading the thesis. It is strongly encouraged that students considering a thesis discuss their ideas with an advisor during the semester prior to registering for formal thesis credits. Honors will be conferred or denied on the basis of an evaluation of the thesis by the faculty.

GEOG 0100 Place and Society: Local to Global (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to how geographers view the world and contribute to our understanding of it. Where do the phenomena of human experience occur? Why are they there? What is the significance? These questions are fundamental for explaining the world at different scales from the global to the local. Throughout, we will focus on the spatial basis of society, its continual reorganization through time, and how various human and environmental problems can be usefully analyzed from a geographic perspective. (Open only to first-year students and sophomores) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab DED, SOC (Fall 2013: P. Nelson; Spring 2014: G. Herb)

GEOG 0120 Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course introduces fundamental concepts and methods of geographic information systems (GIS): computer systems for processing location-based data. Through a sequence of applied problems, students will practice how to conceive, gather, manage, analyze, and visualize geographic datasets. Major topics will include raster and vector data structures and operations, geographic frameworks, and principles of cartographic design. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. DED, SOC (Fall 2013: J. Howarth; Spring 2014: J. Holler, H. Richards-Rissetto)

GEOG 0200 Food Geographies (Fall 2013)
How do food and eating shape our social relationships and our understandings of environment and place? Where does our food come from, and what does it take to get it to us? These questions are fundamentally geographic. Exploring how food is produced, distributed, and consumed leads to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between societies and environment. The understanding, interpretation, and analysis of these relationships define the discipline of human geography. In this course we will take a critical approach to the study of food across multiple scales, from food systems in Vermont to the global political economy of food. We will explore the political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions of food in particular spaces, places, environments, contexts, and regions, providing an advanced introduction to key concepts and modes of analysis in human geography. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. SOC (K. McKinney)

GEOG 0207 Resource Wars: A Geopolitical Perspective (Spring 2014)
The world of relatively accessible natural resources is now a thing of the past. As it becomes more difficult to find secure and clean energy sources and manage chronic food and water shortages, some countries that were once politically and economically marginal will become increasingly more important. And as another billion people will be added to the world's population, the fight for resources will become ever fiercer. These will result in further erosion of personal and states' securities. In this course we will analyze, from a geographic perspective, the political, economic, social, and environmental dynamics of conflicts over natural resources at the local, regional, international, and intra-national scales. We will pay special attention to the ways natural resources fuel conflict. 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. AAL, SOC (T. Mayer)

GEOG 0210 Geographic Perspectives on International Development (Fall 2013)
This class is an exploration of some of the key concepts, theories, ideologies, and practices of international development as they relate to issues of environmental and social change. We will approach these “ways of knowing” about development and the environment through three topics: (1) “natural” disasters; (2) oil; and (3) waste. For each of these topics we will draw on multiple case studies across the world including Haiti, New Orleans, Pakistan, India, Nigeria, and South Africa. These case studies will help us to more fully discuss and understand the dynamics of who does development, how, where, why, and with what results. With each of the themes we will examine different practices of international development, including post-disaster international aid, the shipping and dumping of waste, and environmental conflicts in the everyday lives of people in oil-rich areas of the world. This approach will allow us to break down mainstream discourses of development and “sustainability,” critically examine development practice, and imagine alternative approaches to development. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, CMP, SOC (K. McKinney)

GEOG 0211 The Global Economy (Spring 2014)
Today’s economy is increasingly global, as business functions are dispersed across many diverse spaces and at different spatial scales. In this course we will gain an understanding of the forces that combine to shape contemporary economies across space through an examination of both theoretical approaches to economic geography as well as empirical case studies. Students in the course will learn: neoclassical theories from economic geography that describe the spatial distribution of various economic activities at a local scale; how regional economies develop over time and gain/lose competitive advantage; and the origins of globalization and different strategies corporations use to expand into different areas. This course will combine lectures, hands-on exercises, and discussions/debates so that students have the opportunity to engage the material in a variety of ways. 3 hrs. lect. NOR, SOC (P. Nelson)

GEOG/AMST 0218 Cultural Geography (Spring 2014)
What do landscapes mean? How are places created and invested with significance? Why do people struggle to control public and private space? In this course we will examine these and similar questions. The main goals are to illuminate the wealth of meanings embodied in the built environment and our metaphorical understandings of landscape, place, space, and geographical identity, and to teach skills for interpreting and representing those meanings. Lectures, course readings, small-group projects, and papers will draw on social theory and empirical approaches, with a regional emphasis on North America. 3 hrs. lect. CW, NOR, SOC (A. Knowles)

GEOG 0219 Historical Geography of North America (Fall 2013)
North American society and landscape have been shaped by powerful forces over the last 500 years: conquest, disease, war, migration, the railroad and the farmer's plow, urban growth, and industrial transformation. In the process, new regional cultures formed while older societies were profoundly changed. In this course we will examine the geography of historical change in the United States and Canada, focusing on the themes of territorial control, human settlement, the inscribing of cultural and economic systems on the land, and North Americans' attitudes toward the places they inhabit. 3 hrs. lect. HIS, NOR, SOC (A. Knowles)

GEOG 0220 Geopolitics of the Middle East (Spring 2014)
This course examines the Middle East from a geographical perspective with emphasis on the historical and political underpinnings of the region. The Middle East, the cradle of civilization, has been, due to its geography, one of the major arenas for political and ideological conflicts. It has been subject to an unequal power relationship with the West, which, together with Islam, has affected the level of its political, social, and economic development. This course will provide an analytical introduction to the historical, political, social, and economic geography of the region and will analyze the major transitions this region has undergone. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, CMP, SOC (T. Mayer)

GEOG 0230 Geography of South Asia: Youth (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the idea of regions through the representations and history of the area of the world referred to as South Asia, viewed through the lens of Geographies of Youth. Geographies of Youth is the study of how social and economic transformations, operating from the global scale to everyday local activities, are altering young people’s lives. We will use key concepts from geography, such as scale, space, place, identity, and context to explore everyday experiences of young people in Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Focusing on the themes of politics, education, and work, we will consider connections among young people in these places and students at Middlebury. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, SOC (K. McKinney)

GEOG 0239 History of Cartography (Fall 2013)
This course introduces students to the history of maps as historical documents, records of social values and worldviews, instruments of power, and artistic productions of the cultures and historical periods in which they were created. Course topics will include indigenous mapping, the pegging out of empires, how cartography has served the interests of nation states, scientific revolutions in mapping technologies, maps in art, and mapping as a metaphor and expression of human experience. The overall goal is for students to learn to read maps deeply and understand how they have influenced, and how they reflect, major social trends and culture. (Not open to students who have taken GEOG 1004) 3 hrs. lect. ART, HIS (A. Knowles)

GEOG/GEOL 0251 Geomorphology (Fall 2013)
In this course we will investigate processes that shape the Earth's surface, including weathering, mass movements, and the effects of water, wind, and ice. Students will examine how such processes govern the evolution of landforms in differing climatic, tectonic, and lithologic settings. Field and laboratory study will focus on the role of active surficial processes, as well as glaciation and other past events, in development of the landscape of west-central Vermont. We will also discuss implications for human activities and maintenance of natural systems. (GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0161 or GEOL 0170 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (W. Amidon)

GEOG/GEOL 0255 Surface and Ground Water (Spring 2014)
Fresh water is the most fundamental resource sustaining life on the continents. This course is an introduction to the study of water and its interactions with the geologic environment. Basic hydrological processes such as precipitation, stream flow, and the subsurface flow of ground water are analyzed by quantitative methods. Climatic and human-induced changes in the hydrological cycle are examined, and current issues and policies are discussed in light of the increasing demands and impacts of a technological society on water resources and associated natural systems. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (P. Ryan)

GEOG 0325 Cartographic Design (Spring 2014)
In this course we will study principles of cartographic design in the digital era. Major topics will include cartography before computing, reference map design, wayfinding, thematic map design, realism, 3D rendering, and interactive maps. Laboratory exercises will provide opportunities for students to use graphics software and geographic information systems to implement concepts from lectures. Through a series of independent projects and group critiques, students will learn to design cartographic products that facilitate spatial thinking and effectively communicate spatial information to specialist and lay audiences. (GEOG 0120 or GEOG 0320 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART, SOC (J. Howarth)

GEOG/GEOL 0352 Glacial and Quaternary Geology (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the causes and effects of glaciation along with the characteristics that make the Quaternary Period unique in geologic time. Topics will include glaciology, glacial erosion and deposition, glacier reconstruction, and techniques for interpreting and dating the Quaternary stratigraphic and paleoclimatic record from diverse terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine archives. Consideration also will be given to how severe climatic fluctuations impacted nonglacial environments. An overnight weekend field trip at the end of the semester will introduce students firsthand to alpine glacial landforms. (Any 0100-level geology or geography course, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI  (J. Munroe)

GEOG 0404 Global Geographies of Labor and Youth (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will examine the relationship between the spatial organization of the global political economy and the lives of working people and youth. We will investigate a variety of industrial and agrarian contexts in North America, Latin America, South Africa, India, and China. We will place an emphasis on the problems posed by labor and capital mobility, and global production networks that impact worker organization and the lives of children and young people. Students must have advanced reading ability in a language other than English as they will be required to work with foreign language sources. This course is equivalent to SOAN 0404 and IGST 0404. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. McCallum, K. McKinney)

GEOG 0414 Seminar in Political Geography: Radical Geographies (Spring 2014)
Geography has always been associated with the exercise of power and came into being as an academic discipline because it supported imperialism, nationalism, and war. However, the field of geography also has a lesser-known emancipatory tradition that emphasizes social justice, empowerment, and resistance to oppression. Early radical voices—anarchists, socialists, and pacifists—were silenced and often forced into exile.  It was only in the context of the protest culture of the 1960s that radical geographies started to find an audience.  In this seminar we will examine how geography and geographers have engaged in revolutionary activism, education for justice, social mobilization, and theorizations of alternative models of society. (Open to senior majors only; others by waiver) 3 hrs. sem. (G. Herb)

GEOG 0420 Seminar in GIS: Innovations in Teaching and Learning GIS (Fall 2013)
How can technological innovations – open-source GIS, multimedia production and online publishing – change how people learn GIS and other spatial technologies? In this seminar we will critically investigate empirical research on how people learn to solve problems and think spatially, how the design of instruction can influence this learning, and how technological innovations can potentially transform teaching practices. Students will then independently develop and assess multimedia modules that are designed to help people learn to use GIS and other spatial methods. Potential target audiences for these modules may include high school students, college students in a particular discipline, non-profit and grassroots organizations, or other social groups who can apply GIS and spatial tools to solve practical or academic problems. The modules will be published online, contributing to a web-based educational resource for teaching GIS. (GEOG 0120) 3 hrs. sem. (J. Howarth)

IGST 0434 War: Causes, Conduct, Consequences (Spring 2014)
Why do human beings organize themselves in armed groups to attack and kill other human beings? What is it like to experience war, both as a combatant and a non-combatant caught in its vortex?  How has warfare evolved over time? Which legal or moral considerations affect how wars are fought?  What are the mechanisms of war propaganda? What are the immediate and long-term consequences of war? What is the future of war?  These are some of the questions we will try to answer. Readings include works by psychologists, political scientists, historians, philosophers, poets, fiction writers, dramatists, film-makers, and  participants. This course is equivalent to PSCI 0434. EUR, SOC (M. Geisler, R. Leng)   

GEOG 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A one-credit intensive research project developed under the direction of a faculty member. Junior majors only. (Approval Required) (Staff)

GEOG 0700 Senior Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A one-credit intensive research project developed under the direction of a faculty member. Senior majors only. (Approval Required) (Staff)

GEOG 0701 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students with a departmental GPA of 3.3 or higher are eligible to complete a two-credit senior thesis. In order to complete a senior thesis, students must have a proposal approved by a primary thesis advisor and a secondary departmental reader prior to registering for the first 0701 credit. Upon completion of the thesis, thesis students will present their work in a public seminar and defend the thesis in front of the departmental faculty. Thesis presentations and defenses will typically take place during the final week of classes or the examination period. Upon completion of the presentation and defense, the primary advisor and secondary departmental reader will be responsible for evaluating and grading the thesis. It is strongly encouraged that students considering a thesis discuss their ideas with an advisor during the semester prior to registering for formal thesis credits. (Approval only) (Staff)

Geology
Required for the Major:The program for a geology major consists of 11 courses within the department and two additional cognate courses. These courses must include:
(1) One 0100-level course (we strongly recommend Environmental Geology (GEOL 0112), Elements of Oceanography (GEOL 0161) or Dynamic Earth (GEOL 0170)).
(2) Four core courses: Bedrock Geology of Vermont (GEOL 0201), Mineralogy (GEOL 0211), and Structural Geology (GEOL 0281) are required, plus either Geomorphic Processes (GEOL 0251) or Surface and Ground Water (GEOL 0255).
(3) Four elective courses (0200-level or higher) chosen from the Middlebury geology curriculum, at least two of which must be at the 0300-level. One additional off-campus geology course can be substituted for electives.
(4) Two cognate courses (any Biology, Chemistry, or Physics laboratory course, or Math 0116 or higher).
(5) Two Credits of Senior Work (GEOL 0400 and GEOL 0700)

     The two course senior sequence (GEOL 0400 and 0700) is the culmination of the geology major and consists of original research based on field and/or laboratory investigations by the student. The requirements for the major listed above are considered to be minimal. We suggest students planning a career in geology or the earth sciences take additional courses in other sciences and mathematics, as well as additional geology courses. The requirements for the major allow for considerable flexibility and thus students should consult regularly with their geology department advisors for the selection of specific courses.
     Geology Minor: A total of five courses is required. The minor shall consist of one introductory course (either GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0161 or GEOL 0170), plus four higher-level courses, which must include GEOL 0201 or GEOL 0211, and at least one 0300-level course. After completing an introductory geology course, students who intend to minor in geology should arrange specific 0200- and 0300-level courses with the geology chair or designate.
     Departmental Honors in geology are based primarily on outstanding work in original research (GEOL 0700), and are related to course grades only in the context of guidelines in the College Handbook.

GEOL 0104 Earthquakes and Volcanoes (Spring 2014)
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, despite being labeled as "natural disasters," are normal, natural geologic processes that have been occurring for billions of years on this planet. Unfortunately, these processes claim tens of thousands of lives and billions of dollars in property damage annually (on average). This course will focus on the fundamental causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and the wide range of secondary effects (e.g., landslides, tsunami, etc.) that accompany these natural disasters. (Students who have completed GEOL 0170 are not permitted to register for GEOL 0104) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. SCI (D. West)

GEOL 0112 Environmental Geology (Spring 2014)
Geological processes form the physical framework on which ecosystems operate. We require an understanding of the geological environment in order to minimize disruption of natural systems by human development and to avoid hazards such as floods and landslides. This course is an overview of basic tectonic, volcanic, and landscape-forming processes and systems, including earthquakes, rivers, soils, and groundwater. Environmental effects of energy, mineral, and water resource use, and waste disposal are also examined. Weekly field labs after spring break. Registration priority for first and second-year students. 3 hrs. lect./disc., 3 hrs. lab/field trips. SCI (W. Amidon, J. Munroe)

GEOL 0142 The Ocean Floor (Spring 2014)
Have you wanted to view the ocean floor from a submersible? It is a dark but dynamic place. The constant interchange between water and sediments has created sedimentary drifts and mudwaves over 500 feet high! Earthquakes cause underwater mud avalanches that travel over 60 m.p.h. Hydrothermal vents along the ocean ridges host a variety of unusual plant and animal life. This course will explore the ocean depths via the classroom and will introduce the development of ocean basins, their evolution, and processes occurring within them (Students who have completed GEOL 0170 are not permitted to register for GEOL 0142.) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. SCI (P. Manley)

GEOL 0161 Elements of Oceanography (Fall 2013)
Oceanographic exploration is introduced through study of ocean basins and continental margins. The multidisciplinary nature of oceanography is emphasized by using principles of marine geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and biology to address contemporary problems. Techniques of data collection and analysis are taught aboard the College's research vessel, R/V Folger, located on Lake Champlain. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab/field trips. DED, SCI (T. Manley)

GEOL 0170 The Dynamic Earth (Fall 2013)
Sea-floor spreading and continental drift, earthquakes and volcanoes, origin and evolution of mountain systems, and concepts of plate tectonics are viewed in light of the geology of ocean basins and continents. Modern processes such as river, coastal, wind, and glaciers will be studied and their effect on shaping the geologic landscape. Laboratory: field problems in Vermont geology; interpretation of geologic maps, regional tectonic synthesis. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab/field trips. SCI (P. Manley, D. West)

GEOL 0211 Mineralogy (Spring 2014)
This course covers the nature, identification, composition, and meaning of minerals and mineral assemblages. Introduction to crystallography, hand-specimen identification, optical mineralogy, x-ray analysis, and electron microbeam analysis. Laboratory: study of minerals in hand-specimen and under the polarizing microscope; use of x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy in mineral analysis. (One geology course) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab SCI (D. West)

GEOL 0221 The Geology of Climate Change (Spring 2014)
In this course we will discuss how external forces and internal feedbacks within the Earth system govern climate. Specific topics will include orbital variability, changes in ocean circulation, , CO2 uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, and molecular vibrational controls on infrared absorption and Earth's heat budget. We will then examine climate change through Earth's history as evidenced by a number of geologic proxies including the sedimentary record, ice cores, isotopic records, glaciers, soils, and tree rings. Ultimately our improved understanding of past climates will provide a context within which to discuss future changes to come. (one Geology course) SCI (W. Amidon)

GEOL/GEOG 0251 Geomorphology (Fall 2013)
In this course we will investigate processes that shape the Earth's surface, including weathering, mass movements, and the effects of water, wind, and ice. Students will examine how such processes govern the evolution of landforms in differing climatic, tectonic, and lithologic settings. Field and laboratory study will focus on the role of active surficial processes, as well as glaciation and other past events, in development of the landscape of west-central Vermont. We will also discuss implications for human activities and maintenance of natural systems. (GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0161 or GEOL 0170 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (W. Amidon)

GEOL/GEOG 0255 Surface and Ground Water (Spring 2014)
Fresh water is the most fundamental resource sustaining life on the continents. This course is an introduction to the study of water and its interactions with the geologic environment. Basic hydrological processes such as precipitation, stream flow, and the subsurface flow of ground water are analyzed by quantitative methods. Climatic and human-induced changes in the hydrological cycle are examined, and current issues and policies are discussed in light of the increasing demands and impacts of a technological society on water resources and associated natural systems.  3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI (P. Ryan)

GEOL 0281 Structural Geology (Fall 2013)
Plate tectonics and mountain building processes result in deformation of the Earth's crust. Structural geology is the study of this deformation, and this course will examine the many types of structures found in crustal rocks (folds, faults, etc.) and explore the forces responsible for their formation. Laboratory exercises will emphasize the hands-on description and analysis of structures in the field, as well as the practical aspects of map interpretation and computer analysis of structural data. (A geology course or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab/field trips. CW, SCI (D. West)

GEOL 0323 Environmental Geochemistry (Fall 2013)
This course will address the origin, transport, fate, and analysis of chemicals in the environment. Topics will include aquatic chemistry, rock weathering, elemental cycles, atmospheric processes, and energy resources. Both naturally occurring and anthropogenic compounds/elements will be considered. The course will introduce students to a variety of analytical and instrumental techniques, including ultraviolet-visible-spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The labs will be project oriented. Major ions, nutrients, trace metals, and organic compounds will be studied in a variety of systems, including natural waters, soils, and air (CHEM 0104 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., SCI (P. Ryan)

GEOL/GEOG 0352 Glacial and Quaternary Geology (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the causes and effects of glaciation along with the characteristics that make the Quaternary Period unique in geologic time. Topics will include glaciology, glacial erosion and deposition, glacier reconstruction, and techniques for interpreting and dating the Quaternary stratigraphic and paleoclimatic record from diverse terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine archives. Consideration also will be given to how severe climatic fluctuations impacted nonglacial environments. An overnight weekend field trip at the end of the semester will introduce students firsthand to alpine glacial landforms. (Any 0100-level geology or geography course, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab DED, SCI  (J. Munroe)

GEOL 0382 Geophysics (Spring 2014)
An introduction to the physical nature of the Earth from two perspectives: 1) Whole-Earth Geophysics: the large-scale properties of the planet, including formation, structure, gravity, orbital properties, and seismology, and 2) Geophysical Exploration: acquisition and interpretation of geophysical data derived from surface and satellite-based observation. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab (P. Manley)

GEOL 0400 Senior Thesis Research Seminar (Fall 2013)
This seminar will focus on methods and strategies for completing advanced geological research and provides a springboard for senior thesis research. Topics will include field and laboratory techniques, primary literature review, and scientific writing. Students taking this course are expected to be simultaneously working on the early stages of their senior thesis research. During the semester students will present a thesis proposal and the seminar will culminate with each student completing a draft of the first chapter of their senior thesis. GEOL 0400 is required of all geology majors. 3 hrs. disc. or lab (P. Manley)

GEOL 0500 Readings and Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Individual or group independent study, laboratory or field research projects, readings and discussion of timely topics in earth and environmental science. (Approval only) (Staff)

GEOL 0700 Senior Thesis Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Upon completion of GEOL 0400, all senior geology majors will continue their independent senior thesis research by taking one unit of GEOL 0700. This research will culminate in a written thesis which must be orally defended. (Approval only) (Staff)

German
Requirements for the Major: Students are normally required to complete eight courses in German, above GRMN 0299, including at least one advanced level seminar (above GRMN 0399) or a 0700 level honors thesis during the senior year. Where appropriate, one course may be taken in English. At the beginning of each term a placement test is administered for incoming students to determine which course would be most suitable for their level of competence. The department expects that majors will spend at least one semester of study in a German-speaking country before graduating. Normally, they will spend one or two semesters at the Freie Universität in Berlin and/or the Johannes-Gutenberg Universität in Mainz. Before enrolling in one of our Schools in Germany, students must complete two courses at the 0300-level. For more information, please consult Study in Germany.
     Honors: To be a candidate for honors, students must have an average of at least B+ in German. Honors work (a senior thesis or project) is normally done during a student's last year at Middlebury.
     Minor in German: The German minor consists of a sequence of five courses, taught in German, starting at or above the 0200-level. At least three of those courses must be at the 0300-level or higher. First-year students who place above the 0200-level in the placement test must take at least one 0400-level course as part of their minor. One course may be satisfied through advanced placement (AP) credit in combination with a departmental placement test. Students who receive AP credit start their minor on the 0300-level.
     Credit for Advanced Placement is given for scores of 4 or 5, a high score on the departmental placement test, and a placement conference with the student. In addition, the student must successfully complete at least one course above the 0200-level in the department, taught in German, to qualify for AP credit.
     Germany: The Middlebury School in Germany has sites located in Berlin and Mainz.

GRMN 0101 Beginning German (Fall 2013)
Geared toward quick and early proficiency in comprehension and free expression. Grammatical structures are practiced through group activities and situational exercises (e.g., role-playing games and partner interviews). Active class participation by students is required and will be counted toward the final grade. Since this is an integrated approach, there will be laboratory assignments but no special drill sections. Classes meet five times a week. Students take GRMN 0102 as their winter term course. 5 hrs. lect. LNG (F. Feiereisen, N. Eppelsheimer)

GRMN 0103 Beginning German Continued (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of GRMN 0101 and 0102. Increased emphasis on communicative competence through short oral presentations and the use of authentic German language materials (videos, songs, slides). Introduction to short prose writings and other documents relating to contemporary German culture. Five class meetings per week. (GRMN 0101 plus winter term GRMN 0102, or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect. LNG (F. Feiereisen, N. Eppelsheimer)

GRMN 0111 Accelerated Beginning German (Spring 2014)
This class is aimed at students who wish to begin the study of German on the fast lane. In one semester, we will cover a year's material, the equivalent of GRMN 0101, 0102, and 0103. We will develop all four skills in an intensive, immersion-style environment, allowing students to continue German in the regular second-year classes in the fall. Classes meet five times per week, including two 75-minute meetings on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and an additional drill session. Students are expected to fully participate in all departmental activities. No prerequisites. 6 hrs. lect./disc./1 hr. drill LNG (B. Matthias)

GRMN 0150 Tall Blondes in Lederhosen? A German Cultural History (in English) (Spring 2014)
In this course students will be introduced to Germany and its cultural history broadly conceived. Faculty will lecture on areas of special expertise, covering the period from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. We will embed important concepts, developments, events, and cultural artifacts in their broader (European) context. This course will lay a foundation for students wishing to study European history, German, European Studies, Art History, Music, Philosophy, or Literature. EUR, HIS (F. Feiereisen, R. Graf, B. Matthias)

GRMN 0201 Intermediate German (Fall 2013)
GRMN 0201/0202 is a culture-based intermediate language sequence that focuses students' attention on intercultural aspects of language acquisition, vocabulary expansion, reading and writing strategies, and a review of grammar. It moves from a focus on issues of individual identity and personal experiences to a discussion of Germany today (GRMN 0201), explores national identity in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and supplies an overview of cultural history, literary achievements, and philosophical traditions in the German-speaking world (GRMN 0103 or equivalent) 4 hrs. lect. LNG (B. Matthias)

GRMN 0202 Intermediate German Continued (Spring 2014)
GRMN 0201/0202 is a culture-based intermediate language sequence that focuses students' attention on intercultural aspects of language acquisition, vocabulary expansion, reading and writing strategies, and a review of grammar. It moves from a focus on issues of individual identity and personal experiences to a discussion of Germany today (GRMN 0201), explores national identity in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and supplies an overview of cultural history, literary achievements, and philosophical traditions in the German-speaking world (GRMN 0201) 4 hrs. lect. LNG (R. Graf)

GRMN/CMLT 0310 Representing the Unthinkable: The Holocaust in Literature (in English) (Spring 2014)
Can the Holocaust be described in words? Can images represent the horrors of Auschwitz? In this seminar we will explore the literary and artistic representations of the Shoah, their mechanisms, tensions, and challenges. We will approach the issues of Holocaust representations by considering a significant array of texts that span genres, national literatures, time, narrative and poetic styles, and historical situations. Readings will include theoretical texts on witnessing, memory, post-memory, and trauma by authors such as Sherman Alexie, Jean Amery, Hannah Arendt, Ilan Avisar, Tadeusz Borowski, Paul Celan, Chaim Kaplan, Ruth Kluger, Primo Levi, Bernhard Schlink, Art Spiegelman, Peter Weiss, and Eli Wiesel. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, EUR, LIT (N. Eppelsheimer)

GRMN 0350 Advanced Writing Workshop (Fall 2013)
With its emphasis on grammatical structures, this course is designed to develop students' writing skills, bridging the 0200-level courses and the advanced 0300 and 0400 levels. From initial sentences and short paragraphs to a final term paper the course tries to assist individual students with their specific problems with German compositions. In addition to frequent written assignments, students also read excerpts from several German papers and magazines in order to familiarize themselves with a variety of narrative styles. (Formerly GRMN 0304) 3 hrs. lect. CW (5 spaces), LNG (F. Feiereisen)

GRMN 0360 German in Its Cultural Contexts (Spring 2014)
The course invites students to explore the culture and civilization of the German-speaking world from hindsight. Beginning with the year 2000, we will discuss texts in reverse chronological order, allowing us to start our inquiry within the more accessible world of the present and then proceed to the less familiar past. Such an inversion will utilize our familiarity with events of the recent times to enhance comprehension of what preceded them in history. Thus, the more removed a topic is, the more insight the reader can bring to its investigation. A montage of written and visual materials will expose students to high-brow, mainstream, and marginal cultures alike. (Formerly GRMN 0310) 3 hrs. lect. EUR (F. Feiereisen)

GRMN 0440 German Theatre in Action (Fall 2013)
In this course, students will prepare and stage a full production of a German play. After five weeks of seminar-style academic discussions of this work in context (the genre, the author, the topic, the time) and aspects of theatrical performance (theory), the class will prepare the show for the last week of the semester (two rehearsals/ week). Students will make informed staging decisions as a group and come to understand performance as a powerful mediator in the never-ending process of negotiating literary meaning. (At least two 0300+-level courses or by waiver) 3 hrs. sem./disc. (Formerly GRMN 0418) ART, EUR, LIT (B. Matthias)

GRMN 0465 Reasonable Doubts (Fall 2013)
This course gives an introduction to various responses to the idea of "Enlightenment" and the "Age of Reason" in eighteenth century German literature and culture. Starting with definitions of the term "Aufklärung" students will gain familiarity with proponents and critics of this notion as well as modern twentieth century approaches to it. We will focus on works by Kant, Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Lenz, and Kleist and the critical reflections of Adorno, Habermas, Lyotard, and Foucault, among others. (Formerly GRMN 0430) 3 hrs. sem./disc. EUR, LIT (R. Graf)

GRMN 0485 Weimar Germany and Its Legacies (Spring 2014)
This course examines the brief, intense period of artistic creativity and political upheaval in Germany's first democracy, the Weimar Republic. Beginning with Germany's defeat in World War I, we will discuss the implications of the Versailles Treaty, the Dolchstoß (stab-in-the-back) theory, the stillborn 1918-1919 revolution, and the political polarization leading to Hitler's rise. Contrasting the political decline with increased cultural productivity, we will trace the development of Expressionism, Dadaism, and New Objectivity in literature, visual arts, theater, and film. Readings include texts by Döbler, Baum, Kracauer, Fallada, Brecht, and Thomas Mann. Special project: preparation of an art exhibit in MCA opening in fall 2014! (Formerly GRMN 0403) 3 hrs. sem. EUR, LIT ( B. Matthias)

GRMN 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

GRMN 0700 Honors Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Global Health
The study of Global Health originates with an understanding of the reasons for the steep inequalities that characterize health worldwide (why, for example, life-expectancy in Switzerland is twice that of Swaziland). Many people are drawn to this field because they hope to assist in improving health, an endeavor that requires not only an understanding of disease epidemiology but also a grasp of the social and political complexity of population-level interventions as well as international aid. The study of Global Health, then, is inherently interdisciplinary, drawing on theory and method from fields including political science, biology, economics, geography, mathematics, and anthropology.
     The Global Health minor at Middlebury is not intended to be a pre-professional program covering all the skills necessary for a career in public health. Rather, the goal is to draw on the strength of a liberal arts curriculum to give students a breadth of understanding and a depth of critical thought that complements the nuts-and-bolts education provided by most masters in public health programs. Minors in Global Health at Middlebury will draw on a number of disciplines to appreciate the deep complexity of global health problems, and use that knowledge to think about these problems in innovative ways.
     The minor in Global Health is available to students who complete the courses listed below. The purpose of this minor is to encourage students to take an interdisciplinary perspective when thinking about global health problems. No course for the minor may also count towards a students’ major.

All students must take the core course:
SOAN 0267 Global Health or INTD 0257 Global Health

One of the following methods courses (if the methods requirement is met through coursework for a major, students may substitute an additional elective in place of a methods class):

BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
ECON 0210 Economic Statistics
GEOG 0120 Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems
MATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science
PSCI 1130 Statistics for Social Sciences
PSYC 0201 Psychological Statistics
SOAN 0302 The Research Process: Ethnography and Qualitative Methods
AP credit for Statistics

Three additional courses chosen from any of the following (no more than two courses taken from the same department may count towards the minor):

BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution or BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics
ECON 0150 Introductory Macroeconomics or ECON 0155 Introductory Microeconomics
ENVS 0112 Natural Science and the Environment
GEOG 0100 Place and Society: Local to Global
GEOG 0207 Resource Wars
GEOG 0210 Geographic Perspectives on International Development
GEOL 0255 Surface and Ground Water
HIST 0114 History of Modern Africa
IGST 0101 Introduction to International and Global Studies
PSCI 0109 International Politics
PSCI 0202 African Politics
PSCI 0258 The Politics of International Humanitarian Action
PSCI 0304 International Political Economy
SOAN 0211 Human Ecology
SOAN 0340 The Anthropology of Human Rights
SOAN 0387 Medical Anthropology

Other appropriate courses may be substituted for the methods or elective courses with the approval of the program director. Approval requires submission of a petition form available at http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/catalog/depts/globalhealth.
     In addition, students minoring in Global Health are strongly encouraged to take advantage of Middlebury resources by studying abroad, preferably in a resource-poor setting, and by becoming proficient in a foreign language.

Hebrew
Middlebury offers courses in both Classical and Modern Hebrew, and students may focus on one or the other in the Minor in Hebrew. (Knowledge of one stage in the history of Hebrew may complement the other; students may therefore combine the study of Classical and Modern Hebrew, within the guidelines below.) Courses taken in the summer at the Brandeis University-Middlebury School of Hebrew will be granted credit toward the minor. Courses taken elsewhere may be granted credit with the permission of the Hebrew faculty.

Students should plan the minor with following limitations in mind:

a. Beginning Modern Hebrew is offered every fall term. As of this writing, the courses in Modern Hebrew have been approved only through the 2013-2014 academic year. Continuation beyond 2013-14 will depend on enrollment levels and administrative approval.
b. Beginning Classical Hebrew is normally offered in alternate years with the most recent sequence beginning in the 2012-2013 academic year.

Requirements for the Minor
Modern Track:
(I) Four semesters of Modern Hebrew starting at the level of HEBM 0102 or higher; and
(II) a fifth course in Modern Hebrew, or a course taken abroad in Hebrew, or a course on Hebrew literature in translation (e.g. HEBR 0220), or a course in Classical Hebrew beyond the introductory level (HEBR 0102 or higher). When appropriate, students may also register for independent study (HEBM 0500) to fulfill requirements for a course in Modern Hebrew.

Classical Track:
(I) Three semesters of Classical Hebrew (HEBR 0101-0102-0201 or higher); and
(II) either CLAS/RELI 0262 The Formation of Judaism in Antiquity or RELI 0280 Hebrew Bible/Old Testament; plus (III) either a fourth semester of Classical Hebrew (HEBR 0301 or higher) or a course in Modern Hebrew beyond the introductory level (HEBM 0102 or higher).

Modern Hebrew Courses
HEBM 0101 Introductory Modern Hebrew I (Fall 2013)
In this course students will become acquainted with the basic grammatical and formal concepts necessary for the comprehension of the Modern Hebrew language. We will focus on the fundamentals of reading, writing, listening, and speaking, with a particular emphasis placed on the acquisition of conversational ability. We will also make use of audiovisual, situational, and cultural exercises, and give attention to the elements of Classical form and style that provided a foundation for Modern Hebrew, which was revived as a vernacular in the late 19th century. No previous knowledge of Hebrew is required. 6 hrs. LNG (O. Goldman)

HEBM 0103 Introductory Modern Hebrew III (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of Modern Hebrew 0102 which will be offered during winter term. Students will further develop their skills in written and oral communication, and will expand their knowledge of the cultures of modern Israel through both audio and visual media. (HEBM 0102 or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect. LNG (O. Goldman)

HEBM 0201 Intermediate Modern Hebrew I (Fall 2013)
This course is a continuation of HEBM 0103. Using authentic audio and visual materials, we will place emphasis on developing the skills required for intermediate-level written and communicative competence. In addition, students will gain a deeper understanding of the forms and style of Classical Hebrew, both of which are necessary for formal composition, interaction, and reading comprehension in Modern Hebrew. (HEBM 0103 or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (O. Goldman)

HEBM 0202 Intermediate Modern Hebrew II (Spring 2014)
This is the fifth in the sequence of Modern Hebrew courses that focus on the acquisition of reading, listening, writing, and speaking skills. This course will further increase the students' fluency in spoken Hebrew, as well as their facility in reading authentic texts dealing with both secular and religious Jewish cultures, the literature of modern-day Israel, Israeli history, and current events. By the end of the semester, students should attain the level of educated, non-native speakers of Modern Hebrew, in terms of knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, composition, and communicative competence. (HEBM 0201 or equivalent) 5 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LNG (O. Goldman)

HEBM 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Classical Hebrew Courses
HEBR 0102 Beginning Classical Hebrew II (Spring 2014)
This course continues the introductory sequence (HEBR 0101) offered in Winter Term and will conclude by reading a single biblical text such as Jonah or Ruth in its entirety. Selections of biblical poetry and narrative will be read throughout the semester. 3 hrs. lect. LNG (Staff)

History
Required for the Major in History: Each major must take 11 history courses before graduation, including: (1) at least one but no more than three courses numbered 0100 to 0199; (2) at least one course in European history (which may include Russia/Soviet Union); (3) at least one course in United States history; (4) and at least one course in the history of Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, or Russia/Soviet Union, all to be taken at the 0200-level or higher. (A course in Russia/Soviet Union may not be used for more than one geographical area); (5) a reading seminar; (6) HIST 0600; (7) a two-term senior thesis, which counts as two of the required 11 courses.
     Two of the courses required for the major must deal primarily with the period before 1800. Courses which qualify for the pre-1800 requirement are identified in the course descriptions (see below) and a list is available from the department. In addition to winter term senior thesis study, one other winter term history course may be counted toward the eleven courses necessary for a major in history. With permission of the department, up to two cognate courses in historical aspects of other disciplines may be counted toward a major in history.
     Students planning to spend all or part of the junior year abroad should consult with the department before the second semester of the sophomore year.
     Advanced Placement: An advanced placement (AP) grade of 4 or 5 in a history subject supplies one college credit and counts for one course towards the history major requirement of 11 history courses. However, an AP grade of 4 or 5 cannot replace any other specific requirement for the major (see Required for the Major in History, above). In addition, a student wishing to apply an AP grade of 4 or 5 in European history toward the major cannot also count HIST 0103 or HIST 0104 toward the major. Such a student must take a different 100-level course, and at least one course in European history at the 0200-level or higher. Furthermore, a student wishing to apply an AP grade of 4 or 5 in United States history toward the major cannot also count HIST 0203 or HIST 0204 and must take a different course in United States history to complete the major.
     Joint Major: A student who is a joint major in history and another department must take a total of at least eight courses in history, chosen in consultation with a faculty advisor. Cognates are not allowed. A student must take at least one course in two of three sub-fields: Europe, North America, and AAL (Asia, Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Russia/Soviet Union), and one course in the period before 1800. The choice of courses should depend upon the need to achieve an intellectual coherence and integrity in the student's program. Joint majors must take a reading seminar and HIST 0600 and must write a two-term thesis combining the skills of both major disciplines.
     International and Global Studies Majors with Disciplinary Focus in History: Students must complete a 0100-level course and five other courses, including a 0400-level seminar normally taken in the senior year. The seminar and at least two other courses should be within the regional focus, and at least one course should be outside the regional focus. With the permission of the History Department Chair, up to two of these courses can be taken abroad.
     Minors in History: Ending with the Class of 2015, students may choose to minor in history following the old or the new requirements. Beginning with the Class of 2016, all students who minor in history must follow the new requirements. The new requirements are as follows: a total of five courses, including one 0100-level course, one 0200-level course and one 0400-level course. No more than two courses may be taken abroad or at another undergraduate institution. Cognate courses from other disciplines will not normally be permitted.
     Beginning with the Class of 2015, AP and IB credit cannot be counted towards a minor in history.
     Honors: To earn departmental honors, high honors*, or highest honors** a student must have at least a 3.4, 3.5*, or 3.67** average or above in history department courses other than the senior thesis, have an oral examination on the senior thesis, and receive a grade of at least B+, A-*, or A** on the thesis (HIST 0700).

HIST 0100-Level Courses
The 0100-level courses (0100-0199) deal with events and processes that affect human societies over long periods of time and across broad geographical areas not confined to national boundaries. These courses include components that act as introductions to the field of history.

HIST 0200-Level Courses
These are lecture courses that deal with a single cultural or national entity, or a clearly related group of such entities, over a substantial period of time (usually a century or more).

HIST 0300-Level Courses
These courses, for the most part, are topically focused courses. Many of them are lecture courses and some are taught in a seminar format. These are not, however, seminars that fulfill the reading seminar requirement.

HIST 0400-0450 Reading Seminars
Unlike the courses below the 0400 level, which are primarily lecture courses, these courses are reading seminars on particular periods or topics. They are open to all students, although in cases of overcrowding, history majors will be given priority. First-year students are admitted only by waiver.

HIST 0600 Research Seminar
All history majors are required to take HIST 0600 their junior fall or, if abroad at that time, their senior fall semester. In this course students will conceive, research, and write a work of history based on primary source material. After reading and discussion on historical methods and research strategies, students will pursue a paper topic as approved by the course professors.

International and Global Studies Seminars
These seminars are "capstone" courses required for the International and Global Studies major. They are thematic, interdisciplinary, cross-regional, and team-taught. Students who are not International and Global Studies majors may take these courses for departmental credit, but they will not normally fulfill the History Department major requirement of a 0400-level seminar.

HIST 0700 Senior Independent Study
All senior history majors will write a two-term thesis under an advisor in the area of their choosing. The department encourages students to do their theses during the fall and winter terms. Fall/spring theses are also acceptable and, with permission of the chair, winter/spring. On rare occasions, with departmental approval given for compelling reasons, a thesis may be initiated in the spring of an academic year and finished in the fall of the following year. All students beginning their thesis in a given academic year must attend the Thesis Writers' Workshops held in the fall and winter of that year. Further information about the thesis is available from the department.

HIST 0103 The Making of Europe (Fall 2013)
This course covers the history of Western Europe from the death of Caesar in 44 B.C. to the Peace of Westphalia in A.D. 1648. We will examine three interrelated themes: political authority within European society, the development of the religious culture of the West and the challenges to that culture, and the ways in which the development of a European economy contributed to the making of Europe itself. While examining these questions from the Roman Empire to early modern Europe, students will focus on the use of original sources, and on how historians interpret the past. Pre-1800. Not open to seniors. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. EUR, HIS, SOC (L. Burnham)

HIST 0105 The Atlantic World, 1492-1900 (Fall 2013)
Linking the Americas with Europe and Africa, the Atlantic has been a major conduit for the movement of peoples, goods, diseases, and cultures. This course will explore specific examples of transatlantic interchange, from imperialism and slave trade to religious movements, consumerism, and the rise of national consciousness. It will adopt a broad comparative perspective, ranging across regional, national ,and ethnic boundaries. We will consider the varied experiences of Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans as they struggled to establish their own identities within a rapidly changing Atlantic world. Pre-1800. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. CMP, HIS, SOC (W. Hart)

HIST 0106 Colonial Latin America (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the formation of Latin American societies from 1492 to 1800, with emphasis on the contact of indigenous, European, and African civilizations; the conditions that facilitated European conquest; life in the colonial societies; and the political, economic, and philosophical changes that led to the independence movements of the 19^th century.  Pre-1800. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (formerly HIST 0285) AAL, HIS, SOC (D. Davis)

HIST 0107 Modern Latin America (Spring 2014)
This survey course will trace the philosophical, economic, political, and cultural developments of Latin America from independence to the present day.  Particular emphasis will be placed on the formation of nation-states; issues of development, including agricultural production and industrialization; national and cultural symbols; and social relations within Latin American societies.  The aim of the course is to provide a broad background of major themes and issues in Latin American societies which include Mexico, Central America, and South America, 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (formerly HIST 0286) AAL, HIS, SOC (D. Davis)

HIST 0109 History of Islam and the Middle East, Since 1453 (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the major institutions that evolved under the aegis of what we might call Islamic civilization since the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. The principal geographic areas covered are the Middle East and North Africa. Major topics include the rise of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires, Western intervention and colonialism, nationalism and state formation, and the challenges of and responses to modernization. Pre-1800. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. AAL, HIS (F. Armanios)

HIST 0110 Modern South Asia (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to the history of South Asia. We will examine such events as the remarkable rise and fall of the Mughal empire (1526-1700s), the transformation of the once-humble English East India Company into a formidable colonial state (1700s-1858), the emergence of nationalist and anti-imperialist movements led by people such as Mahatma Gandhi and M.A. Jinnah (1858-1947), and the establishment and recent histories of the new nations of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Readings will include primary sources, history textbooks, historical novels, and newspaper articles. We will also watch at least one historical film. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS (I. Barrow)

HIST 0112 Modern East Asia (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine East Asian history from 1800 to the present. We will study the “Chinese World Order,” the patterns of European imperialism that led to this order’s demise, the rise of Japan as an imperialist power, and 20th century wars and revolutions. We will concentrate on the emergence of Japan, China, and Korea as distinct national entities and on the socio-historical forces that have bound them together and pried them apart. We will seek a broader understanding of imperialism, patterns of nationalism and revolution, and Cold War configurations of power in East Asia. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. AAL, CMP, HIS, SOC (M. Ward)

HIST 0113 History of Africa To 1800 (Spring 2014)
This course offers an introductory survey of African history from earliest times to 1800. Through lectures, discussions, readings, and films, we will explore Africa’s complex and diverse pre-colonial past. Themes examined in the course include development of long-distance trade networks, the linkages between ecological change and social dynamics, the formation of large pre-colonial states, and the transatlantic slave trade and its impact on social and economic relations within Africa. A broader concern in the course is how we have come to understand the meaning of “Africa” itself and what is at stake in interpreting Africa’s pre-colonial history. Pre-1800. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. AAL, HIS, SOC (J. Tropp)

HIST/CLAS 0132 History of Rome (Fall 2013)
This course will study Roman history from its origins to Constantine. Particular emphasis will be on the unique characteristics of Roman society, the rise and influence of imperialism, the transition from Republic to Empire, the role of Rome as a Mediterranean power, and the emergence of Christianity. Readings will focus on the ancient sources, all in translation; authors include Polybius, Plutarch, Tacitus, and Eusebius. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. EUR, HIS, LIT (J. Chaplin)

HIST/AMST 0202 The American Mind (Fall 2013)
We will consider the history of influential American ideas, and ideas about America, from the Revolution to the present, with particular regard to changing cultural contexts. A continuing question will be whether such a consensus concept as “the American Mind” has the validity long claimed for it. Among many writers we will read are Thomas Jefferson, Alexis de Tocqueville, William James, Martin Luther King, Reinhold Niebuhr and Betty Friedan. (Previously taught as HIST/AMST 0426) HIS, NOR (J. McWilliams)

HIST 0206 The United States and the World Since 1898 (Spring 2014)
This course serves as an introduction to the history of American foreign relations from the Spanish-American War of 1898 to the turn of the 21st century. Through lectures, discussions, and a variety of readings, we will explore the multi-dimensional nature of the nation's rise to power within the global community, as well as the impact of international affairs upon American society. In addition to formal diplomacy and foreign policy, this course addresses topics such as immigration, cultural exchange, transnationalism, and globalization. 2 hrs. lect, 1 hr. disc. HIS, NOR (J. Mao)

HIST 0212 Civil War and Reconstruction: 1845-1890 (Spring 2014)
This course explores the era of the American Civil War with an emphasis on the period 1861-1865. It combines lectures, readings, class discussion, and film to address such questions as why the war came, why the Confederacy lost, and how the war affected various elements of society. We will also explore what was left unresolved at the end of the war, how Americans responded to Reconstruction, and how subsequent generations have understood the meaning of the conflict and its legacy. We will make a special effort to tie military and political events to life on the home front. (formerly HIST 0364) 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

HIST 0228/RELI 0170 Religion in America AR (Fall 2013)
America often has been defined paradoxically as both the “most religious” and “least religious” of nations.  This course, a historical survey of American religious life, will trace the unique story of American religion from colonial times to the present. Guiding our exploration will be the ideas of “contact,” “conflict,” and “combination.” Along the way, we will examine the varieties of religious experiences and traditions that have shaped and been shaped by American culture such as, Native American traditions, Puritan life and thought, evangelicalism, immigration, African-American religious experience, women’s movements, and the on-going challenges of religious diversity. Readings include sermons, essays, diaries and fiction, as well as secondary source material. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. HIS, NOR, PHL (E. Rochford)

HIST/JAPN 0236 The History of Modern Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will review the major themes and events of modern Japanese history from the Meiji Restoration (1868) to the present. Through reading a variety of primary texts, historical analyses, and literature, as well as watching films, we will explore the formation of the modern Japanese nation-state, Japan’s colonial project in East Asia, 1920s mass culture, the question of Showa fascism, and Japan’s unique postwar experience, from occupation to high-growth and the “lost decade” of the 1990s. We will pay particular attention to the relationship between changes within Japan and larger global trends. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, SOC (M. Ward)

HIST/PHIL 0237 Chinese Philosophy (Fall 2013)
A survey of the dominant philosophies of China, beginning with the establishment of the earliest intellectual orientations, moving to the emergence of the competing schools of the fifth century B.C., and concluding with the modern adoption and adaptation of Marxist thought. Early native alternatives to Confucian philosophy (such as Mohism, Daoism, and Legalism) and later foreign ones (such as Buddhism and Marxism) will be stressed. We will scrutinize individual thinkers with reference to their philosophical contributions and assess the implications of their ideas with reference to their historical contexts and comparative significance. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, PHL (D. Wyatt)

HIST 0238 Medieval Cities (Spring 2014)
This course will examine the economic, social, topographical and cultural history of the medieval city. We will study the transformation of urban life from the Roman period through the dark years of the early Middle Ages in the West into the flourishing of a new type of European city life in the High Middle Ages. The development of urban institutions, the building of cathedrals, universities and fortifications, and the growth of trade will all be considered, as will the experience of groups such as Jews, women and intellectuals. Although the class will focus on the medieval European city, we will also draw comparisons with cities of the Muslim East. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CW, EUR, HIS (L. Burnham)

HIST 0240 History of Pakistan (Fall 2013)
This course is a political and cultural history of Pakistan. Topics to be discussed include: the pre-independence demand for Pakistan; the partitioning of India in 1947; literary and cultural traditions; the power of the army in politics; the civil war that created Bangladesh; the wars with India; the wars in Afghanistan; the rise of Islamist parties and militant groups; the significance of the Taliban and al Qaeda; and Pakistan's relations with the US, China and India. Readings will include histories, autobiographies, novels, and newspaper and magazine accounts. Several documentary films will also be shown. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS (I. Barrow)

HIST 0241 Europe in the Early Middle Ages (Spring 2014)
This course covers the formative centuries in European history which witnessed the emergence of Western Europe as a distinct civilization. During this period, A. D. 300-1050, the three major building blocks of Western European culture: the classical tradition of Greco-Roman antiquity, the Judeo-Christian tradition, and Germanic tradition, met and fused into an uneasy synthesis that gave Western Europe its cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious foundations. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, HIS, SOC (L. Burnham)

HIST 0245 History of Modern Europe: 1800-1900 (Spring 2014)
This course will trace several complex threads across the nineteenth century, a period that saw enormous changes in economic structures, political practices, and the experience of daily life. We will look specifically at the construction of nation-states, the industrial revolution and its effects on the lives of the different social classes, the shift from rural to urban life, and the rise of mass culture and its political forms. Taking a cultural perspective, we will consider, for example, the language of working-class politics, the painting of modern urban life, and imperialism in popular culture. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, HIS, SOC (R. Bennette)

HIST 0247 Imperial Russia (Spring 2014)
This course introduces students to the major themes, problems, and events of Russia’s imperial past focusing on the 300-year rule of the Romanov dynasty and extending to the dawn of the revolutionary era. Our major themes will include: the development of Russia’s absolutist state; the processes of secularization, westernization, and industrialization; the interplay between reform, rebellion, and revolution in enacting political change; the growth of Russia’s multi-ethnic, multi-confessional empire; and the role of the radical intelligentsia in Russian thought. We also will give special attention to the vexed question of Russian identity and examine how notions of Russia’s cultural heritage, mission, and position between Europe and Asia, shifted throughout the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. AAL, HIS, SOC (A. Peri)

HIST 0248 History of the Soviet Union (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore the tumultuous history of Russia's revolutions and the attempts to create a socialist utopia on earth. The course will be organized around three revolutionary moments: the political revolutions of 1905 and 1917, Stalin’s socioeconomic “revolution from above” in the 1930s, and Mikhail Gorbachev’s “accidental revolution” that led to the demise of the USSR in the 1980s. Through secret party documents, novels, diaries, films, and images, students will get a vivid look at everyday life, party dynamics, the shifting status of women, and the centrality of violence in Soviet society. AAL, HIS, SOC (A. Peri)

HIST 0250 The Jews in Modern Europe (Spring 2014)
In this course we will map the emergence of Jewish minority culture into the modern Western political, economic, and social mainstream. Our course begins with the Jewish Haskalah (with a few short introductions to Jewish medieval and early modern history) and ends with Israel's founding in the early decades of its history. We will trace the following historical trends: the history of Jewish emancipation; assimilation; intellectual movements; Zionism; Jewish marginalization; race and gender as historical categories in Jewish history; urban and diasporic cultures; war and violence; and international politics in post-Holocaust Europe and the world. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, EUR, HIS (R. Bennette)

HIST 0257 The Holocaust (Fall 2013)
Why did the Holocaust happen? How could the Holocaust happen? In this course we will consider several aspects of the Holocaust, including the long-term conditions and events leading up to it, the measures employed in undertaking it, and the aftermath of the atrocities. Beyond a general survey, this course introduces students to the many varying interpretations and historical arguments scholars of the Holocaust have proposed and invites them to discuss and debate these issues in class. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, HIS (R. Bennette)

HIST/PHIL 0305 Confucius and Confucianism (Spring 2014)
Perhaps no individual has left his mark more completely and enduringly upon an entire civilization than Confucius (551-479 B.C.) has upon that of China. Moreover, the influence of Confucius has spread well beyond China to become entrenched in the cultural traditions of neighboring Japan and Korea and elsewhere. This course examines who Confucius was, what he originally intended, and how the more important of his disciples have continued to reinterpret his original vision and direct it toward different ends. Pre-1800. (formerly HIST/PHIL 0273) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, PHL (D. Wyatt)

HIST/AMST 0308 The Power of Race: Science, Medicine, and Human Diversity (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will explore the manner in which ideologies of race have shaped the histories of science and medicine, and how scientists and medical practitioners have shaped the history of race. Topics will include the role of scientific knowledge in debates about racial slavery in the U.S., eugenics policies in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, tropical medicine in the Philippines, and public health policies in Los Angeles and San Francisco. We will pay particular attention to recent debates regarding the uses of race and genetic ancestry in biomedical research and practice, as well as genetic genealogy. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, HIS, NOR (D. Thompson)

HIST/AMST 0309 Technology and Power in American History (Fall 2013)
In this course we will consider how technological artifacts and systems have constituted, mediated, and reproduced relationships of power with a particular attention to hierarchies of race, gender, class, and nation. We will examine the relationships between humans and technologies within the context of globalization from early colonial America through the 21st century. We will consider a variety of technologies and social settings such as guns, slave ships, plantations, factories, prisons, physical and virtual border fences, computers, mobile phones, human bodies, and reproduction. We will ask whether technology has produced a better America, and for whom. 3 hrs. sem. HIS, NOR (D. Thompson)

HIST/JAPN 0312 Tokyo: Between History and Utopia (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the history of Tokyo—from its "prehistory" as a small castle town in the 16th century to the cosmopolitan metropolis of the 20th century—and trace how Tokyo has captured the imagination as a space of possibility, of play, and for many, of decadence. Through a range of sources, including films, novels, ethnographies, and historical essays, we will use Tokyo as a "site" (both urban and ideological) through which to explore broader questions related to capitalist modernity, the formation of the nation-state, cultural identity, gender politics, and mass-culture. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, SOC (M. Ward)

HIST 0314 Born Under a Red Star: Children of Russia’s Revolution at Home, at School, and at Play (Spring 2014)
To understand a particular society, consider how it regards its children. In the USSR, children represented more than future guardians of culture and tradition, they were the lifeblood of the revolution. The state's existence depended on how well it imbued its youth with the spirit of socialism. Soviet children were politically privileged, but also constant victims of poverty and political turmoil. In this seminar we will study their experiences at school, at home, and at play. Using schoolbooks, fairytales, diaries, drawings, and the material culture of sports, toys, and fashion, we will explore childhood (Soviet and otherwise) as a historically constructed phenomenon. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, SOC (A. Peri)

HIST 0315 Health and Healing in African History (Spring 2014)
In this course we will complicate our contemporary perspectives on health and healing in Africa by exploring diverse historical examples from the continent's deep past.  Our readings, discussions, and papers will cover a range of historical contexts and topics, such as the politics of rituals and public healing ceremonies in pre-colonial contexts, state and popular responses to shifting disease landscapes in the colonial era, long-term cultural and economic changes in healer-patient dynamics, the problematic legacies of environmental health hazards in the post-colonial period, and Africans' engagement with global health interventions in recent decades. AAL, HIS, SOC (J. Tropp)

HIST/CLAS 0332 Roman Law (Spring 2014)
The Romans' codification of civil law is often considered their greatest intellectual achievement and most original and influential contribution to the world. This course treats the four main divisions of Roman law (persons, property, obligations, and succession). Great emphasis is placed on the role of law in Roman society. How did the law influence the lives of Roman citizens living under it? How did ordinary Roman citizens shape the law? Students will come to understand the principles of Roman law through actual cases. Designed for students with some background in Roman history and/or literature. 2 hrs. lect., 1 disc. EUR, HIS (J. Chaplin)

HIST 0352 Food in the Middle East: History, Culture, and Identity (Spring 2014)
Who invented Baklava? Was it the Greeks, Turks, Armenians, or maybe the Lebanese? In this course, we will examine the rich culinary history of the Middle East from the time of major Islamic Empires, such as the Abbasids and Ottomans, until the modern period. Through a close study of primary and secondary sources, including cookbooks and memoirs, we will explore the social, religious, literary, and economic place of food in the region. We will also investigate how, in the modern period, Middle Eastern peoples from different ethnic, geographic, and religious backgrounds have used food to express their distinct cultural, national, and gendered identities. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, CMP, CW, HIS, SOC (F. Armanios)

HIST 0362 Revolutionary America: 1763-1800 (Spring 2014)
A study of the origins, progress, and significance of the American Revolution. In this course we examine the diverse economies, cultures, and sociologies of the American Colonies on the eve of the Revolution; the disruption of the balance of empire in the Atlantic; the ideology which guided colonists in rebellion; the changes wrought by revolution; and the first decades of nationhood under the Constitution. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. HIS, NOR (W. Hart)

HIST 0369 The East India Company (Fall 2013)
In this course you will be introduced to the English East India Company, from the 17th-century until its dissolution in 1858. Much of our focus will be on the Company’s presence in India, and we will pay particular attention to its transformation from a maritime trading company into a territorial colonial state. We will read a number of controversial texts from the period, immerse ourselves in the worlds of Company and Indian politics, and do guided research using holdings in Middlebury’s Special Collections. Topics will include the rise of the Company as a trading concern, its aggressive competition with other European trading monopolies and South Asian kingdoms, and the importance of opium in its dealings with China. We will end with a discussion of the Indian rebellion of 1857. (Not open to students who have taken FYSE 1308 or HIST 1009) AAL, HIS (I. Barrow)

HIST/AMST/GSFS 0373 History of American Women: 1869-1999 (Fall 2013)
This course will examine women's social, political, cultural, and economic position in American society from 1869 through the late 20th century. We will explore the shifting ideological basis for gender roles, as well as the effects of race, class, ethnicity, and region on women's lives. Topics covered will include: women's political identity, women's work, sexuality, access to education, the limits of "sisterhood" across racial and economic boundaries, and the opportunities women used to expand their sphere of influence. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

HIST 0375 Struggles for Change in Southern Africa (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the tumultuous period of social struggle in southern Africa in the decades following World War II. Major topics to be covered include the rise of apartheid and the mobilization of anti-apartheid resistance in South Africa and Namibia; the liberation struggle against white settler rule in Zimbabwe; the fight for freedom from Portuguese colonialism in Mozambique; and Mozambique's protracted civil war following independence. A central purpose of this course is to explore how these different arenas of struggle transformed individual lives and social relations in complex and diverse ways, generating enduring impacts and challenges within the region. AAL, HIS, SOC (J. Tropp)

HIST 0377 Comparative Slavery in the Americas (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the development and decline of the institution of slavery in the United States between 1619 and 1865 by comparing the institution to slavery in the Caribbean and Latin America (principally Brazil). Themes and topics to be explored include: ecology and slavery, religion and slavery, the international slave trade, nationalisms and race, slave communities, slave resistance, emancipation, and freedom. Readings for the course will range from scholarly monographs to slave narratives. CMP, HIS (W. Hart)

HIST 0391 Native Americans in the American Imagination (Spring 2014)
In this interdisciplinary seminar, we will examine the changing image of Native Americans in American popular culture from 1800-2000. Through novels, plays, films, photography, advertisements, amusements, sport-team mascots, and museum displays, we will trace and analyze how the American Indian has been defined, appropriated, and represented popularly to Americans from the early republic to the turn of the twenty-first century. We will consider how American popular culture has used over time the image of the American indian to symbolize national concerns and to forge a national American identity. 3 hrs. sem. HIS, NOR (W. Hart)

HIST/GSFS 0393 A History of Gender in Early America (Spring 2014)
Exploration, conquest, settlement, revolution, and nation-building: no course in early American history should ignore such traditional topics. In this course, though, we will examine the various ways that gender shaped these historical processes. How, for example, did colonials’ assumptions about manhood and womanhood affect the development of slavery in America? Or how did the Founding Fathers’ identities as men inform their attitudes about democracy and citizenship? We will scrutinize historical documents, of both a private and public nature, and discuss several recent scholarly works on gender from 1600-1850 to consider these kinds of questions. Pre-1800. 2 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. CMP, HIS, NOR (A. Morsman)

HIST 0395 “Mad Men and Mad Women” (Spring 2014)
Are you a Don, a Roger, or a Pete? A Betty, a Peggy or a Joan? Using AMC's Mad Men as a visual and narrative foundation, we will examine masculinity and femininity in mid-20th century America. We will focus specifically on the connections between postwar mass communication and formation of gender roles, consumption, and cultural expectations. Our inquiry will then extend to recent discussions regarding the politics of historical representation. In addition to the television series, we will use a variety of both primary and secondary sources—including novels, magazines, sociological studies, and scholarly monographs—to achieve a multi-dimensional perspective. (Not open to students who have taken HIST 1017) 3 hrs. sem. NOR, HIS, SOC (J. Mao)

HIST 0410 Readings in Soviet History: The "New Man" in the Russian and Soviet Imagination (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will examine that superman of modernity who inspired and terrified a century of Russian philosophers, artists, and revolutionaries: the New Man. We will explore the emergence and development of this ideal type between the 1840s and the 1940s. We will trace how radical socialists and religious conservatives constantly re-conceptualized him, and we will study Soviet attempts to transform its citizens into New Men and Women through Marxism-Leninism. Readings will include many of Russia's greatest philosophical and literary works of the period. AAL, HIS, SOC (A. Peri)

HIST 0415 Readings in American History: The Protest Impulse (Spring 2014)
An exploration of the protest impulse in American history, with particular attention given to the American Revolutionaries, Populists, and Civil Rights activists. Among the key questions to be explored are: What are the principal causes of insurgency? What is the relationship between a leader and a protest movement? Is there an American protest tradition? Why are some insurgent groups more successful than others? As these questions are discussed, we will examine the qualities of good scholarship, the role of theory in history, and the influence of political commitments on the shaping of interpretation. (formerly HIST 0410) 3 hrs. sem. HIS, NOR (J. Ralph)

HIST 0427 Diaspora and Trans-nationalism (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the global flow of people across national boundaries in the modern era. During the first part of the course we will examine the major theoretical frameworks of transnational migration and diasporas by reading the works of writers such as Hannah Arendt, Edward Said, and W. E. B. Dubois. We will focus on the social and cultural processes that pose challenges to the traditional hegemony of the nation-state, and examine the political and economic relations of diaspora communities to homeland. In the second half of the course we will study how organic intellectuals, performers, and other artists from all across the Atlantic world agitated to transform the social dynamics within the political, linguistic, and geographical boundaries of their new home while re-imagining new relations with the place they once called home. Students will choose a research topic on a diaspora community of their interest and be required to make direct contact with the communities we study. 3 hrs. sem. (formerly HIST 0413) AAL, CMP, HIS (D. Davis)

HIST 0429 Gandhi (Spring 2014)
This course will focus on the works and actions of Mahatma Gandhi. At one level, the readings will provide an introduction to the philosophy and life of one of the most significant, influential, and well-known figures of the 20th century. At another level, the course will discuss in detail the major themes and occurrences in modern Indian history, tracing the rise and ultimate victory of the Indian nationalist movement. The class will read a variety of texts, including books written by Gandhi, tracts published by his political and religious opponents, social commentaries, contemporary novels, and engaging histories. (formerly HIST 0414) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS (I. Barrow)

HIST 0431 Readings in Chinese History: China's Historical Minorities (Spring 2014)
We tend reflexively to visualize China as an ethnically homogeneous nation-state. However, this conception fails to account for the minority populations that have for centuries resided in China and contributed greatly to its socio-cultural identity. Throughout the imperial age, the four groups called Manchu, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan surpassed all other non-Chinese ethnicities in influencing the direction of Chinese history and shaping the contours of China's developmental experience. In this reading seminar we will examine the imprint of the collective legacy of these particular minorities as well as those of certain related groups, such as the ancestors of the Uyghurs of modern Xinjiang. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, SOC (D. Wyatt)

HIST/JAPN 0436 Readings in Japanese History: Modernism and Fascism between the World Wars (Fall 2013)
The 1920s in Japan is typically understood as a period of political and cultural experimentation, as witnessed by the rise of avant-garde cultural groups and radicalized social movements. In contrast, the 1930s is portrayed as Japan's "dark valley", in which this sense of experimentation was suppressed or co-opted by the state. In this course, we will revisit these tumultuous decades by engaging with a range of historical assessments, novels, and critical essays. We will begin by examining theories of modernism and fascism, and then explore the changing socio-cultural milieu in interwar Japan, including mass-culture, modernization, romanticism, imperialism, and utopianism. (formerly HIST 0418) AAL, HIS (M. Ward)

HIST/GSFS 0438 Readings in Middle Eastern History: Women and Islam (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine women's lives in Islamic societies from the seventh century to the contemporary period, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa. Readings will explore a variety of topics including the changing role of women from pre-Islamic to Islamic societies; women in the Qur’an and in Islamic law gender roles in relation to colonialism, nationalism, an Islamism; the experience of women in Sunni and Shi’a contexts; and Western images of Muslim women. (formerly HIST 0416) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, PHL (F. Armanios)

HIST 0500 Special Research Projects (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Special research projects during the junior year may be used to fulfill the research seminar requirements in some cases. Approval of department chair and project advisor is required. (Staff)

HIST 0600 History Research Seminar (Fall 2013)
All history majors who have not taken a writing and research seminar are required to take HIST 0600 in their junior fall or, if abroad at that time, their senior fall semester. In this course, students will conceive, research, and write a work of history based on primary source material to the degree possible. After reading and discussion on historical methods and research strategies, students will pursue a paper topic as approved by the course professors. HIST 0600 is also open to International and Global Studies and Environmental Studies majors with a disciplinary focus in history. 3 hrs. sem. CW (20 spaces) (Staff)

HIST 0700 Senior Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The History Senior Thesis is required of all majors. It is written over two terms, with the final grade applying to both terms. The project is generally begun in the fall and completed during winter or spring. Approval is required to begin the thesis in winter or spring, and such students must still attend the Thesis Writer's Workshops that take place in fall and winter. (Staff)

History of Art & Architecture
Required for the Major, History of Art Track (12 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art); one course in studio art; HARC 0301 (Ways of Seeing; sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0710 and HARC 0711); at least six additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions, with at least one being at the 0300-level or above; HARC 0710 (Senior Research Seminar, fall of senior year); HARC 0711 (Senior Thesis, spring of senior year). Advisory: Graduate programs in the history of art and classical archaeology require students to pass reading examinations in at least two foreign languages.
     Joint Major, History of Art Track (8 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art ); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art); HARC 0301 (Ways of Seeing; sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0710 and HARC 0711); three additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions, one of which should be at the 0300-level or above; HARC 0710 (Senior Research Seminar, fall of senior year); HARC 0711 (Senior Thesis, spring of senior year). A proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken, must be submitted to the department for approval before registering as a joint major.
     Minor, History of Art Track (6 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art); four additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions.
     Required for the Major, Architectural Studies Track (12 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art); ART 0159 (Studio Art I) or an approved equivalent with an emphasis on drawing; two courses in architectural studio (HARC 0130and HARC 0330, or an approved substitute course for the latter); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0332 (Buildings in Their Contexts, sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0731 and HARC 0732); three additional courses in the history of art and architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions and taken at a mix of levels (it is strongly recommended that these deal specifically with issues of architecture, urbanism, or contemporary art); HARC 0731 and HARC 0732 (senior architectural design research, and senior thesis architectural studio; fall and spring of senior year, respectively). Advisory: This major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Advisory: Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
     Joint major, Architectural Studies Track (8 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art); two courses in architectural studio (HARC 0130 and HARC 0330-, or an approved substitute course for the latter); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0332 (Buildings in Their Contexts, sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0731 and HARC 0732); HARC 0731 and HARC 0732 (senior architectural design research and senior thesis architectural studio; fall and spring of senior year, respectively). A proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken, must be submitted to the department for approval before registering as a joint major. Advisory: Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
     Joint major, Architectural Studies/ Environmental Studies "Architecture and the Environment" (15 courses): ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, and GEOG 0120, all to be taken before the end of junior year; two ES Cognate Courses (both science courses with labs, listed under Environmental Studies); HARC 0100; HARC 0230; HARC 0231; HARC 0130; HARC 0330 (or a pre-approved substitute); ENVS 0401, HARC 0332, HARC 0731 and HARC 0732 (Buildings in their Contexts, senior architectural design research and senior thesis architectural studio; fall and spring of senior year, respectively). Advisory: Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
     Minor, Architectural Studies: No minor is offered.

Museum Studies Track (12 courses):
1. HARC 0100
2. HARC 0102
3. HARC 0248
4. HARC 0301(CW)
5. HARC 0540 or MAP Participation or an approved internship
6. HARC 0710
7. HARC 0761
8-12. Five electives in HARC to be selected in consultation with the advisor (at least one of which at the 0300 level or higher)

Joint major, Museum Studies track (8 courses):
1. HARC 0100 or HARC 0102
2. HARC 0248
3. HARC0 0301 (CW)
4. HARC 0540 or MAP Participation or an approved internship
5. HARC 0710
6. HARC 0761
7-8. Two electives in HARC to be selected in consultation with the advisor

Minor, Museum Studies Track (6 courses):
1. HARC 0100 or HARC 0102
2. HARC 0248
3. HARC 0301 (CW)
4. HARC 0540 or MAP Participation or an approved internship
5-6.Two HARC electives

Honors: Cumulative departmental average (including senior work) of at least 3.1. Categories of honors: 3.1-3.4, honors; 3.5-3.6, high honors; 3.7-4.0, highest honors.
Please note: Courses offered by other departments and programs may, by prior departmental approval, be used to satisfy elective requirements, including, but not limited to, RELI 0185 Art and the Bible, AMST 0244 Knickerbocker New York, AMST 0245 American Landscape 1825-1865, and AMST 0408 American Art in Context: The Art and Life of Winslow Homer.

HARC 0100 Monuments and Ideas in Western Art (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to the study of Western art history through an investigation of selected art works, considered individually and in broader contexts. The course chronicles the evolution in painting, sculpture, and architecture of the western world. It is designed for those who wish to build a broad acquaintance with the major works and ideas of Western art in their historical settings and to develop tools for understanding these works of art as aesthetic objects and bearers of meaning for the societies, groups, or individuals that produced them. Registration priority will be given to first and second year students. 2 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. ART, EUR, HIS (Fall 2013: P. Broucke; Spring 2014: E. Garrison)

HARC 0102 Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the study of Asian art history through an investigation of selected art works, considered individually and in broader contexts. This course chronicles the evolution in painting, sculpture, and architecture, and other media of Asia. It is designed for those who wish to build a broad acquaintance with the major works and ideas of Asian art in their historical settings and to develop tools for understanding these works of art as aesthetic objects and bearers of meaning for the societies, group, or individuals that produced them. Registration priority given to first and second year students. 2 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc.. AAL, ART, CMP, HIS (C. Packert)

HARC 0130 Introduction to Architectural Design (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This is a studio course that introduces its members to the values and methods used in the practice of architecture, landscape architecture, and environmental art. A daily journal and intensive group and individual work within the studio space are requirements. This course demands an exceptionally high commitment of time and energy. The course's goals are to use the process of design to gain insight regarding individual and community value systems, and to provide basic experience in the design professions. It is recommended for anyone wishing to improve his or her appreciation for the built environment. Students should anticipate that substantial additional time will be required in the studio in addition to the scheduled class time. 6 hrs. lect./lab ART ( Fall 2013: Staff; Spring 2014: W. Cox)

HARC 0202 Modern Art (Spring 2014)
In this course we will survey the major movements and artists in the history of modern art in Europe and the United States, from Impressionism to the postwar period. We will focus on the development of style, aesthetic concerns, and social contexts. Topics will include individual artists, such as Picasso and Matisse, as well as the development of styles, such as Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (K. Hoving)

HARC 0204 Approaches to Islamic Art (Spring 2014)
A survey of major expressions of Islamic art from the inception of Islam to the present, from all parts of the Islamic world. This is not a traditional survey; rather, it focuses on key monuments and important examples of portable and decorative arts: mosques, tombs, palaces, manuscript illumination, calligraphy, metalwork, textiles, ceramics, etc. We will consider their meanings and functions in their respective socio-historical contexts, and we will also analyze the impact of patronage and region. We will try to understand what general principles unify the richness and diversity of Islamic art: what is Islamic about Islamic art? Finally, we will address the issue of contemporary Islamic art. (No prerequisites). 3 hrs. lect. AAL, ART (C. Packert)

HARC 0209 Venice in Renaissance (Fall 2013)
Venetian art was long shaped by its unique setting, distinctive political structure, and a collective identity enforced by its patrician leaders. In this course, we will engage in a close consideration of the socio-political conditions that both reinforced tradition and ultimately made way for a "golden age" in Venetian painting, sculpture, and architecture. Topics will include individual artists, such as Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, and Palladio, as well as artistic training and workshop practice, patronage, and the rise of Venetian humanism. 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (K. Smith Abbott)

HARC 0211 American Design (Fall 2013)
A historical survey of architecture and related design (especially furniture) in the United States from its colonization through the mid-twentieth century as a manifestation of colonial inheritances, foreign fashions, national outlooks, changing technologies, social and economic patterns, and native materials. 3 hrs. lect. ART, HIS, NOR (G. Andres)

HARC 0213 Roman Art and Architecture (Spring 2014)
This course presents a chronological survey of the developments in architecture, sculpture, painting, and the decorative arts of Republican and Imperial Rome, from the eighth century B.C. to the fourth century A.D. Issues discussed include the relation between public and private art, art in the service of social ideology and political propaganda, the impact of breakthroughs in technology and engineering, the artistic exchanges between Greece and Rome, and the interactions between center (Rome) and periphery (the provinces). 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (P. Broucke)

HARC 0218 History of Photography (Fall 2013)
In this course we will consider the history of photography as a medium from its inception in 1839 to the present. We will focus on technological advances in photography, aesthetic developments, and the evolution of acceptance of photography as an art form. We will examine the use of photography in different genres, such as landscape, portraiture, and documentation. To illustrate our study, we will rely on examples of photographs available in the Middlebury College Museum of Art. 3 hrs. lect. ART, NOR (K. Hoving)

HARC 0219 Understanding Early Medieval and Romanesque Art: Seeing Ste. Foy (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to key artworks and architectural monuments made and built in Europe during the eighth through twelfth centuries. We will study such structures as Charlemagne's Palace Chapel and the reliquary statue of Ste. Foy at Conques to explore how these monuments were products of independent cultures that valued the creation of a visual fusion between the Judeo-Christian God and humankind. Likely lines of inquiry include: the persistence of a Classical ideal and its myriad adaptations; the coordination of art objects to specific locations; and, not least, the self-conscious staging of political and ecclesiastical power. 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (E. Garrison)

HARC 0220 The Art of the City (Fall 2013)
A study of humanity's most complex and critical physical monument, from ancient agoras to edge cities. City form in general (historical and ideal) and great cities, urban environments, and city designers in particular will be surveyed from antiquity to the present in an investigation of changing purposes, elements, and organization. 3 hrs. lect. ART, HIS (G. Andres)

HARC 0230 Modern Architecture (Spring 2014)
Rotating skyscrapers, green roofs, and avant-garde museums: how did we arrive in the architectural world of the early 21st century? In this course we will survey the major stylistic developments, new building types, and new technologies that have shaped European and American architecture since the late 18th century. Students will learn about the work of major architects as well as key architectural theories and debates. Special emphasis will be placed on the cultural and political contexts in which buildings are designed. 2 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. ART, HIS (E. Sassin)

HARC 0231 Architecture and the Environment (Spring 2014)
Architecture has a dynamic relationship with the natural and cultural environments in which it operates. As a cultural phenomenon it impacts the physical landscape and uses natural resources while it also frames human interaction, harbors community, and organizes much of public life. We will investigate those relationships and explore strategies to optimize them, in order to seek out environmentally responsive architectural solutions. Topics to be covered include: analysis of a building's site as both natural and cultural contexts, passive and active energy systems, principles of sustainable construction, and environmental impact. Our lab will allow us to study on site, "off-the-grid" dwellings, hay-bale houses, passive solar constructions and alternative communities, meet with "green" designers, architects, and builders, and do hands-on projects. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. ART (A. Murray)

HARC/AMST 0246/ American Painting: Beginnings to the Armory Show (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to American painting from 17th century limner portraits to the rise of modernism in the twentieth century, with special attention to Copley, Cole, Church, Homer, Eakins, Sloan, and Bellows. Although we will trace the development of traditional categories of painting (landscape, portraiture, genre), our purpose will be to discover what the paintings tell us about the changing values and tastes of American culture. (Formerly HARC/AMCV 0246) 3 hrs. lect. ART, HIS, NOR (J.  McWilliams)

HARC 0247 Impressionism and Post-Impressionism (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist movements that evolved in France during the second half of the 19th century. Looking at artists such as Manet, Degas, Cassatt, and Monet, as well as Cézanne, Van Gogh, Seurat, and Gauguin, we will place their work in social and historical contexts that include the rise of the city, new opportunities for leisure, demographic change, and the breakdown of artistic establishments. When appropriate we will compare visual artistic production to parallel developments in literature and music. 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (K. Hoving)

HARC 0248 Gold, Sex, and Death at the Museum (Fall 2013)
Most visitors to museums notice the architecture, carefully chosen collections, and meticulously curated special exhibitions. However, behind this façade is a busy network of museum professionals coordinating every aspect of the institution’s life. Through readings and guest lectures, we will explore how directors, curators, and staff navigate the challenges facing the modern museum, such as establishing acquisitions policies in an increasingly uncertain art market, defining ethical standards for conservation, and addressing audiences with ever-changing needs. Speakers such as a curator, art critic, and conservator will contribute to our discussion, and attendance at a series of public talks is required. 3 hrs. lect./disc. NOR (S. Laursen, R. Saunders)

HARC 0251 Court, Castle, and Cathedral: The Gothic World (Spring 2014)
This survey course will consider closely the major architectural monuments of the Gothic period in Western Europe, using them as a point of departure in a larger consideration of the artistic culture of this time. In looking at Gothic art and architecture, the class will ask some of the following questions: How were buildings embedded in the promotion of distinct political programs? How do liturgical considerations determine the shapes of buildings and sites? How can we track the emergence of a non-Christian "other" in art of all media? How can we characterize the visual and intellectual culture of "courtly love"? 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (E. Garrison)

HARC 0301 Ways of Seeing (Fall 2013)
In this course we will focus on the various methods and theories that can enrich and deepen our understanding of art, architecture, and visual culture. In this course students will hone their analytical skills, both verbal and written, often with recourse to objects from the College Museum and the campus at large. In general, this seminar will develop students’ awareness of objects of culture broadly construed, and sharpen their understanding of the scope and intellectual history of the field. To be taken during the sophomore or junior year as a prerequisite for HARC 0710 and HARC 0711. 3 hrs. sem ART, CW (E. Garrison)

HARC 0330 Intermediate Architectural Design (Fall 2013)
This studio course emphasizes the thought and method of architectural design. Members of this studio will be involved in developing their insights towards cultural value systems and their expression in the environments they create. Participants work primarily in the studio space and rely heavily on individual instruction and group review of their work. The course provides a foundation for more advanced study in the areas of architecture, landscape architecture, and other fields related to the design of the built environment, and an opportunity to work with the Cameron Visiting Architect. An introduction to computer aided drawing is integrated into this course. (HARC 0130) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab ART (S. Kredell)

HARC 0332 Buildings in Context (Fall 2013)
In this course we will focus on the various methods and theories that enrich and deepen our understanding of architecture and the built environment. This seminar will help students hone their analytical skills, both verbal and written, and provide them with the tools to probe the relationship of the built environment to professional practices and larger cultural forces. In general, students will gain an awareness of objects of culture broadly construed, and will sharpen their understanding of the scope and intellectual history of architecture. It is strongly encouraged that students majoring in Architectural Studies take this course in their second or third year. 3 hrs. sem. ART, CW, HIS (W. Cox)

HARC 0370 Potter, Painter, and Goldsmith: How Asian Art is Made (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will explore the manner in which the distinctive artistic traditions of China, Korea, and Japan were shaped by the materials and techniques available to ancient craftsmen. Some of these technologies remained localized, while others—like porcelain and silk—went on to transform world history by fueling major export markets. Through observation of objects from the Middlebury Museum of Art, we will explore such questions as: How was Asian art made; Why was it made that way? What was its historical impact? Topics will include jade and other hardstones, bronze, textiles, ceramics, painting, lacquer, glass, and gold. AAL, ART, HIS (S. Laursen)

HARC 0510 Advanced Studies (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Supervised independent work in art history. (Approval Required) (Staff)

HARC 0530 Independent Architectural Design (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Supervised independent work in architectural analysis and design. (Approval Required) (Staff)

HARC 0540 Supervised Independent Work in Museum Studies (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This practicum builds upon the Museum Assistants Program (MAP), the hands-on museum education program at the Middlebury College Museum of Art. In MAP, the Curator of Education trains students to conduct tours of the Museum’s permanent collection and of special exhibitions for audiences of peers, school groups, and the general public. Combining service learning with the opportunity to both support and learn more about the arts, students gain expertise in public speaking, art history, and public programming. To register for this course students have completed two semesters of MAP. The class will culminate with a public presentation on a museum-related topic evaluated by a faculty member of the Department of History of Art & Architecture. (Approval required; HARC 0100 or HARC 0102, and two semesters of MAP) (Staff)

HARC 0710 Senior Research Seminar (Fall 2013)
In this course students will conceive, undertake research, and plan the organization of their senior theses in art history or senior museum studies projects. Seminar discussions and workshops will focus on research strategies, conventions in art historical writing, project design, and public presentation skills. (HARC 0301; Approval Required) 3 hrs. sem. (S. Laursen)

HARC 0711 Senior Thesis: History of Art (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of HARC 0710 which consists of ongoing, supervised independent research with an advisor, plus organizing, writing, and presenting a thesis, which will be due on a Friday, two weeks before the end of classes. (HARC 0301 and HARC 0710) (Staff)

HARC 0731 Senior Architectural Design I (Fall 2013)
This studio course constitutes the first part of the two-term senior design project in Architectural Studies. Pre-design research includes precedent study, programming, site analysis, and formulation of a thesis to be investigated through the design process. Preliminary design work begins with conceptual studies, and culminates in a coherent schematic design, to be developed further in Senior Architectural Design, Part 2. Students present their work in graphic, oral, and written formats. (HARC 0330 or HARC 0332) 6 hrs. sem. (J. McLeod)

HARC 0732 Senior Architectural Design II (Spring 2014)
This studio course constitutes the second part of the two-term senior design project in Architectural Studies. Building upon the architectural research, analysis, and preliminary design work conducted during the fall semester, students develop their thesis projects to a higher level of understanding and refinement. Students also engage in intense peer review and work with visiting design critics, concluding with public presentations of the final projects, and a project portfolio describing all aspects of the completed design. (HARC 0731) 6 hrs. sem. (J. McLeod)

Interdepartmental Courses

INTD 0100 A World of Mathematics (Fall 2013)
How long will oil last? What is the fairest voting system? How can we harvest food and other resources sustainably? To explore such real-world questions we will study a variety of mathematical ideas and methods, including modeling, logical analysis, discrete dynamical systems, and elementary statistics. This is an alternative first mathematics course for students not pursuing the calculus sequence in their first semester. The only prerequisite is an interest in exploring contemporary issues using the mathematics that lies within those issues. (This course is not open to students who have had a prior course in calculus or statistics.) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (J. Albert)

INTD 0206 Mathematics and Science as Art in Contemporary Theatre (Fall 2013)
In Tom Stoppard’s Jumpers, philosopher George Moore employs a list of mathematical arguments to make his case for the existence of a moral God. George’s confused allusions to the paradoxes of Zeno and Bertrand Russell form an interesting backdrop to a host of moral questions that include an astronaut stranded on the moon, the installation of an atheist as Archbishop of Canterbury and the mysterious circumstances surrounding the dead body of George’s debating partner concealed in the next room. This is just one example of how acclaimed playwrights such as Tom Stoppard, Rinne Groff, Michael Frayn, and others have effectively explored mathematical and scientific themes for artistic purposes. Through readings and exercises, and by conducting labs and staging scenes, this class will gain some first-hand insight into the complementary ways in which science and art aim to seek out their respective truths. DED, LIT (S. Abbott, C. Faraone)

INTD 0210 Sophomore Seminar in the Liberal Arts (Fall 2013)
This course is designed for sophomores who are interested in exploring the meaning and the purpose of a liberal arts education. To frame this investigation, we will use the question "What is the good life and how shall I live it?" Through an interdisciplinary and multicultural array of readings and films we will engage our course question through intellectual discussion, written reflection, and personal practice. There will be significant opportunities for public speaking and oral presentation, as well as regular writing assignments, including a formal poster presentation.  Readings will include reflections on a liberal arts education in the U.S. (Emerson, Brann, Nussbaum, Oakeshott, Ladsen-Billings, bell hooks); on "the good life" (excerpts from Aristotle, sacred texts of different traditions); on social science analyses of contemporary life; texts on the neuroscience of happiness; as well as literary and cinematic representations of lives well-lived. CMP (J. Miller-Lane; P. Zupan)

INTD 0257 Global Health (Fall, 2013, Spring 2014)
This course provides an introductory survey of the basic issues and initiatives in contemporary global public health, including in-depth case studies of public health projects in locales including Haiti, Venezuela, Brazil, Rwanda, and Pakistan. We will explore the political, socioeconomic, and cultural complexity of health problems, and critically examine the structure and methods of global public health institutions. (Not open to students who have taken SOAN 0267) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, CMP, SOC (P. Berenbaum)

INTD 0276 Solar Decathlon 2013: Construction Administration, Competition & Documentation (Fall 2013)
The Department of Energy (DOE) and National Research Energy Laboratory (NREL) sponsored Solar Decathlon is a competition to design and construct a solar-powered house. Middlebury College was recently selected to participate in the 2013 challenge. The objective of this course is to provide support and design direction during the construction process. Students will review design documents and actual construction for accuracy and quality control. Students will also adjust the design documents to reflect actual construction methods and means. Another component of this course will be the strategy and planning for the 10 Solar Decathlon contests. Finally, the students of this course will help organize and execute send-off and return celebrations for the house on campus. Students registered for this course will likely travel to Irvine, California for the competition. (Approval required; please contact  James  Ashar Nelson  prior to registration). (J. Nelson)

Independent Scholar Program
The Independent Scholar Program is designed to meet the needs of outstanding students who have clearly defined disciplinary interests that cannot be fulfilled within the framework of a normal departmental or interdisciplinary major. Independent Scholars plan their own curricular programs with the assistance of a faculty advisor. Independent Scholars cannot propose two majors, but can pursue an independent scholar major and one minor. For the 2013-14 academic year, application materials are due to the Curriculum Committee by Monday, October 7, 2013, for fall review, and Monday, March 3, 2014, for spring review.
     Eligibility: For an application to be considered, a student must be in their sophomore year and have a GPA of 3.5 or higher. If approved, students must fulfill all requirements for the degree using their approved Independent Scholar plan as their major course of study. Proposed Independent Scholar proposals will be evaluated in light of feasibility, academic disciplinary integrity, and demonstrated ability of the student. A successful proposal must articulate a fully developed program of study, must include a methods course, and must demonstrate compellingly that the student’s academic goals cannot be met through existing majors.
     Application process: To be designated an Independent Scholar, a student must undergo a rigorous approval process overseen by the Curriculum Committee. The process begins with an interview with the Dean of Curriculum. The student must subsequently prepare and submit a well-defined program to the Curriculum Committee, covering a description of the aim of the program, the independent work, and the courses he or she proposes to comprise the major. The proposal must be accompanied by a written endorsement of a faculty member who is willing and qualified to supervise the student, as well as a statement of support from an alternate faculty member. The Curriculum Committee will review all submitted materials, and if warranted, convene a meeting with the candidate and advisers. Final approval rests with the Curriculum Committee.  An applicant whose proposal is denied is entitled to meet with the Dean of Curriculum or the Curriculum Committee.
     Oversight: The Curriculum Committee will solicit updates from each Independent Scholar twice a year. Changes to the program must also be submitted to the Curriculum Committee, and the faculty supervisor will cosign all registration materials. The Major Declaration form and Degree Audit forms will be signed by both the faculty adviser and Dean of Curriculum. Students who elect to withdraw from the Independent Scholar Program, or who have their independent scholar status withdrawn, may be allowed, at the discretion of the committee, to graduate in general studies, without a formal major in any department.
     Senior work: The INDE 0800 is a culminating experience for this program of study. This project brings together the course work the student has completed and incorporates all aspects of the study into one final project. Students applying to be independent scholars are asked to provide an indication of possible INDE 0800 projects at the time that they submit their proposals. Students are able, however, to change the topic of their INDE 0800 project in order to respond to new interests and information acquired during the course of their study.
     The INDE 0800 project is undertaken for one or two terms. Students who wish to be considered for honors must work with a thesis committee. Thesis work most typically follows the procedures for the department most closely related to the project. Others may choose to work with an individual faculty member, usually the student's adviser. The choice of senior project is flexible. For example, with permission from the adviser, a student in the performing arts might want to incorporate a dance performance, musical composition, or some other feature as part of his or her course of study.
     Honors: In order to be considered for honors, independent scholars normally must meet two criteria: a minimum average of B+ in courses taken towards the major and a minimum grade of B+ on the senior work component. The Registrar's Office oversees the first requirement and will inform the adviser of the student's eligibility. The senior work component must be evaluated by a committee of three faculty members (one of whom, at the adviser's request, may be a faculty member on the Curriculum Committee). Minimum thesis grades for each level of honors are B+ (Honors), A- (High Honors), and A (Highest Honors), but the determination of the appropriate level will be made by the committee.
     For more information about this program, please contact the Dean of Curriculum.

International Politics & Economics
(1) Courses in Political Science: PSCI 0103, PSCI 0109, PSCI 0304 (PSCI 0304 must be taken at Middlebury College) and three electives in comparative politics or international relations (PSCI 0262 may also count as an elective). At least one elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar in comparative politics or international relations.
(2) Courses in Economics: For students matriculating through 2014.5, the six required economics courses are: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0250 (though substituting ECON 0210 for ECON 0250 is encouraged), plus ECON 0240 (formerly ECON 0340) and two electives with an international orientation. One elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar. At least four economics courses meeting the major requirements must be taken at Middlebury, including the 0400-level course. For students matriculating into the classes of 2015 and after, the six required economics courses are: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0210, plus ECON 0240 (formerly ECON 0340) and two electives with an international orientation. One elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar. At least four economics courses meeting the major requirements must be taken at Middlebury, including the 0400-level seminar.
(3) Language Study: Students in International Politics & Economics must achieve the language department's standard of linguistic competence before going abroad.
(4) Term or Year Abroad: Under normal circumstances, this will be completed at one of the Middlebury schools abroad. At a minimum, majors should complete PSCI 0103, PSCI 0109, ECON 0150, ECON 0155, and ECON 0210 before going abroad for a semester. Students who will be abroad for a full year should also complete PSCI 0304 before leaving Middlebury. Under exceptional circumstances, the requirement to spend a term or year abroad may be waived for international students.
(5) Advanced Placement: Students must take a minimum of 5 courses in each discipline. See the Advanced Placement policy for detailed information.
     Winter term courses count towards the major only if they are listed on the IPEC Courses web page prior to winter term registration.
     Because of the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the International Politics & Economics major, IPEC students are strongly advised not to pursue an additional major. In addition, IPEC majors may not minor in either economics or political science and may not major or minor in their primary language of focus.
     Declaring a Major: To declare a major, students need to fill out both a major declaration form and an advising wizard form. Discuss your plan for completing the major (outlined on the advising wizard form) with your advisor who can be from either the political science or economics department. Have both your advisor and the Director of International Politics & Economics sign the major declaration form. Turn in one copy of both forms to the coordinator of International Politics & Economics. Turn in one copy of the major declaration form to the Registrar's Office.
     First semester of senior year: Early in the first semester of your senior year, fill out both a degree audit sheet and an advising wizard form. Print out a copy of your unofficial transcript and evidence that any courses from abroad have been approved for IPEC major credit (such as an email approval from a chair or director, or information from the programs abroad office). Bring these items to the Director of International Politics & Economics no later than a week before registration for classes for your final semester. Once signed, turn in one copy of the advising wizard form and the degree audit sheet to the coordinator of International Politics & Economics. Turn in one copy of the degree audit sheet to the Registrar's Office.
     Honors: In addition to their 12 required courses, students can choose to write a senior thesis. To launch a thesis project, students must obtain a thesis advisor in both political science and economics, and submit to their advisors a thesis prospectus for formal approval. To identify suitable thesis topics, it is highly recommended that IPEC thesis candidates begin consulting with the potential advisors during their junior year. For details, deadlines, and a timetable, see      
     Honors Thesis Requirements: The determination of honors, high honors, and highest honors is based on (1) the level of the grade achieved on the thesis; and (2) the level of the average grade received in Middlebury College courses. Honors candidates must have an IPEC course average of 3.3 and a thesis grade of B+ to attain honors; an IPEC course average of at least 3.5 and a thesis grade of A- or higher to attain high honors; and an IPEC course average of at least 3.7 and a thesis grade of A to attain highest honors. Note: Thesis grades do not count in the calculation of the GPA for honors, and a thesis cannot be pursued as a fifth course during any of the three semesters.

IPEC 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IPEC 0700 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

International and Global Studies
Courses and Requirements: All students who major in international and global studies (IGS) must specialize in one of the seven tracks that make up the major: African studies, East Asian studies, European studies, Latin American studies, Middle East studies, Russian and East European studies, and South Asian studies. Students who will graduate in 2014 or 2015 must complete IGST 0101, an IGST senior seminar, and three regional courses; they must also specialize in one of the liberal arts disciplines, achieve proficiency in one of the languages taught at Middlebury, study abroad for at least one semester, and complete at least one advanced language course upon return from abroad. IGS majors may not double-count any courses towards the discipline, region, and language requirements.
     Students who will graduate in 2016 have a choice between the existing requirements and the new ones listed below. 
     Beginning with 2017 graduates, IGS majors* are required to complete: IGST 0101; five regional courses in at least three disciplines and in at least two divisions (to be selected in consultation with their advisor); and three global courses (from an existing list). They also must: achieve language proficiency; study abroad for at least one semester; complete at least one language course at the advanced level upon return from abroad; and take a senior seminar either in one of the departments or in IGS.  The departmental senior seminar must be either regional or global (thematic).
     *South Asian studies majors must study a language when abroad, but are neither expected to achieve language proficiency nor complete a language course once they return from abroad.  Instead, these students should take one additional regional or global course.
     Any course counted towards the IGS major cannot count for any other major or minor.
     International and Global Studies Core: Students are required to take IGST 0101 as their sole core course requirement, and are expected to take this course before studying abroad.  IGST 0101 is not open to seniors except for students who declared their major in their sophomore year and spent their entire junior year abroad.  Students who declare their major in their sophomore year and have not yet taken IGST 0101 must take it in the fall of their junior year prior to going abroad.
     Language Study: Students must become proficient in one of the languages that Middlebury teaches. Individual language departments determine what level of study constitutes proficiency, and students are expected to do advanced work in the language that they study. All majors must take at least one advanced course in the language of study upon returning from abroad and are encouraged to take more than one advanced course.

For East Asian Studies: A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Chinese must fulfill the language requirements for Japanese. A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Japanese must fulfill the language requirements for Chinese.
For Latin American Studies: A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Spanish must fulfill the language requirements for Portuguese. A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Portuguese must fulfill the language requirements for Spanish.
International and Global Studies Major with Chinese Language: Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies major section, the Chinese language component of an IGS major requires the completion of the following: 1) CHNS 0101, CHNS 0202 (strongly encouraged to attend Chinese Summer Schools, or take CHNS 0301 – 0302); 2) one semester at one of the three C.V. Starr-Middlebury College Schools in China; 3) any two of the following: CHNS 0411, 0412, 0426, OR 0475 upon return from China.
     Regional Specialization: For 2014 and 2015 graduates (and for 2016 graduates who choose the old requirements), this requirement consists of three courses with content exclusively or primarily on the region, in at least two different disciplines other than the language of study and the disciplinary specialization. For a list of courses that fulfill this requirement go to: http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/is/wizard. For students in East Asian studies who elect to learn the Japanese language: three courses on East Asia (two courses having content exclusively or primarily on Japan and one on China or East Asia), in at least two different disciplines. For those students who elect to learn the Chinese language: three courses on East Asia (two courses with content exclusively or primarily on China and one on Japan or East Asia), in at least two different disciplines. Students who have native or near-native proficiency in one language and achieve proficiency in the other may choose a regional specialization in either China or Japan.
     Beginning with the class of 2017, this requirement consists of five courses, in at least three departments spread across at least two divisions (Students must consult with their advisors about the divisional requirement). At least three regional courses must be taken in Middlebury.  
     Disciplinary Specialization only for students under the old rules (class of 2014 and 2015 (2016)): Students must take at least five courses within a single discipline among the following list: economics; film and media culture; geography; history; history of art and architecture; literature/civilization; philosophy; political science; religion; and sociology/anthropology (see "Disciplinary Specializations by Department" below). Within a student's disciplinary specialization, at least one of the courses must be an upper-level course, and at least two of the courses should have substantial content on the geographical area of specialization. Where possible, such regional courses should be taken on the Middlebury campus, and IGS majors should take at least two of their disciplinary courses before going abroad.
     Beginning with the class of 2017 (2016) the disciplinary specialization is no longer a requirement.
     Global Courses: Beginning with the class of 2017 (2016), students will be required to take three global courses.  These will be selected in consultation with the advisor, based on a list of courses designated as global courses by the IGS program. Global courses are thematic, trans-regional, and comparative.
     Study Abroad: Students must study abroad for at least one semester (and preferably for a year) on a Middlebury-approved study abroad program in their region of focus. Study abroad must be in the language of study at Middlebury. Students must receive the approval of the relevant departments and/or, as appropriate, the program director to receive major credit for courses taken abroad.
     Senior Program: For 2014, 2015, or (2016) graduates, the IGS senior program consists of: (1) A senior international and global studies seminar that is thematic, team-taught, interdisciplinary, or cross-regional* (see seminar courses under “International and Global Studies Courses” below); and (2) an upper-level course, preferably two, in the language of emphasis that will be taken after returning from abroad. The language departments will determine which courses can be taken to fulfill this requirement, in consultation with the program director. Students may also elect to write an honors thesis (IGST 070X, two semesters) during their senior year. Students writing a thesis may choose to waive the IGS seminar requirement. Students are eligible to write a senior honors thesis if they have a 3.5 GPA** or better in all courses that count for the major. Writing a thesis is required to graduate with honors. Thesis guidelines and procedures can be found at go/igsthesis.
     Beginning with the class of 2017 (2016), the IGS senior program consists of: (1) a senior departmental seminar—either regional or global—in the Humanities or Social Sciences, or an IGST seminar; and (2) an upper-level course, preferably two, in the language of emphasis that will be taken after returning from abroad. The language departments will determine which courses can be taken to fulfill this requirement, in consultation with the program director. Students who plan to enroll in a departmental senior seminar must be aware that many such seminars have prerequisites. Students, therefore, should plan in advance to complete these requirements no later than their junior year. South Asian Studies majors need not take an upper-level language course but should take one additional course either regional or on a global theme.
     Beginning with the class of 2017 (2016) students may elect to write a two-term senior thesis but cannot substitute it for the required senior seminar. Students are eligible to write a senior honors thesis if they have a 3.5 GPA** or better in all courses that count for the major. Writing a thesis is required to graduate with honors. Thesis guidelines and procedures can be found at go/igsthesis. 
     Honors: Honors are awarded to students with a GPA** of 3.5 and a thesis grade of B+; high honors to students with a GPA of 3.7 and a thesis grade of A- or A; and highest honors to students with a GPA of 3.8 and a thesis grade of A.
      ** The International and Global Studies GPA is calculated on the basis of those courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major.  All courses that could count for the major will be used in the calculation of GPA for purposes of determining honors, and include all language courses, all disciplinary courses, all regional courses, and all courses with an IGST/INTL designation.
      Note: Thesis grades do not count in the calculation of the GPA for honors.
      Winter Term Course: A winter term course taken at Middlebury may count towards the regional and/or disciplinary requirements only with the approval of the track director. Students wishing to count a winter term course must provide the track director with a copy of the course syllabus. No more than one winter term course may count towards the program requirements.

Area Specializations

African Studies
Language/Culture: Language competency in French or Swahili; satisfactory completion of at least one advanced French course or one independent study in Swahili upon students’ return to Middlebury. If French is the language of emphasis, students must study an appropriate indigenous African language to a level of reasonable competence while abroad. The French Department will specify which courses fulfill the French requirement. The African Studies director will specify which courses fulfill the Swahili requirement.
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

East Asian Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of advanced work in either Chinese or Japanese. The Chinese and Japanese departments will specify which courses fulfill this requirement.
A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Japanese must fulfill the language requirements for Chinese. A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Chinese must fulfill the language requirements for Japanese.
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

European Studies
Language/Culture: Language competency; satisfactory completion of at least one advanced course taught in the language of emphasis (French, German, Italian, or Spanish). Individual departments will specify which courses fulfill these requirement.
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specialization by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

Latin American Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of advanced work in either Portuguese or Spanish. A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Spanish must fulfill the language requirements for Portuguese. A student who already has native or near-native proficiency in Portuguese must fulfill the language requirements for Spanish.
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

Middle East Studies
Language/Culture: Successful completion of three years of Arabic or Modern Hebrew (or the equivalent as determined by the Arabic or Hebrew program). Students who choose Modern Hebrew must be willing to pursue language study beyond Middlebury, if the College’s Hebrew program is not able to offer a full range of advanced courses.
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

Russian and East European Studies
Language/Culture: Language competency: satisfactory completion of at least second- and preferably third-level Russian or the Russian School equivalent
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above

South Asian Studies
Language/Culture: Students must pursue a formal course of study of a South Asian language while abroad
Regional Specialization: see “Courses and Requirements” above
Disciplinary Specialization: see “Disciplinary Specializations by Department” below
Study Abroad:Students must study in South Asia for at least one semester, preferably two. The C.V. Starr Middlebury School in India is recommended
Senior Program: see “Courses and Requirements” above; however, because Middlebury does not offer a South Asian language, students are not required to take an additional language course on their return from South Asia.

Disciplinary Specializations by Department (only for students graduating in 2014, 2015, [2016])
Disciplinary requirements are listed below. Students are required to take two courses within their disciplinary specialization that have substantial content in their region of focus. If these regional courses cannot be taken at Middlebury, students may take them while abroad. Area program directors will determine which courses fulfill this regional requirement in consultation with individual departments.
Economics: For students matriculating in the classes through 2014.5, ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0210 or ECON 0250, ECON 0240 (formerly ECON 0340), and two departmental electives with an international focus at the 0200-, 0300-, or 0400-levels. One of them must be a 0400-level course. For students matriculating with the class of 2015 and after, ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0210, ECON 0240 (formerly 0340), and two departmental electives with an international focus at the 0200-, 0300- or 0400-levels. One of them must be a 0400-level seminar.
Film and Media Culture: Three required courses – FMMC 0101, FMMC 0102, FMMC 0104 – plus three additional courses that are listed or cross-listed as FMMC. At least one of the three electives must be at the 0300- or 0400-level, and at least one must be international in focus (preferably should have substantial content on the geographical area of specialization). Students wishing to do a senior project will be required to follow the relevant guidelines and prerequisites listed on the FMMC website.
Geography: GEOG 0100, GEOG 0120, 3 courses from GEOG 0207, GEOG 0210, GEOG 0214, GEOG 0215, GEOG 0220, GEOG 0223, GEOG 0225; and one GEOG 0400-level seminar. Students writing a thesis must also take GEOG 0325 or GEOG 0339.
History: A 0100-level course and five other courses, including a 0400-level reading seminar normally taken in the senior year. The reading seminar and at least two other courses should be within the regional focus, and at least one course should be outside the regional focus. With the permission of the history department chair, up to two of these courses can be taken abroad.
History of Art and Architecture: HARC 0100; HARC 0102 (dependent on the region selected) Thee electives at the 200-level or above, two of which must be in region of specialization. HARC 0301, preferably taken before study abroad. Senior work: Optional thesis, which would require HARC 0710 and 0711, or IGS senior seminar and one additional elective at a 0200-or higher level.

Literature and Culture:
Chinese: To specialize in Chinese Literature/Culture within the International and Global Studies major, students must take any five of the following: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220,CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS/LNGT 0270, CHNS 0235, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0475 (one literature course taken during study abroad may be counted toward this requirement).
French: (1) proficiency in French (a minimum of two of FREN 0210, FREN 0221, FREN 0230 or work in the French Summer School at the 0400-level or above); (2) at least one semester, and preferably a year, at one of the C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools in France, Cameroon, or in another French-speaking country; (3) three courses at the advanced level (taken at of our schools in France, Cameroon, or in another French-speaking country); and (4) one or more courses at the 0300- or 0400-level upon return from abroad.
German: Any five courses at the 0300-level, up to four of which may be taken at one of our schools in Germany, plus GRMN 0700 or a course at the 0400-level.
Italian: In addition to language proficiency, four 0300-level courses, including ITAL 0355 or its equivalent at one of our schools in Italy, plus one 0400-level seminar
Japanese: In addition to language courses, five courses on literature, film, or culture offered by the Department of Japanese Studies.
Portuguese: In addition to PGSE 0202 or its equivalent, four upper level courses on literature or culture taken at Middlebury or in Brazil, and PGSE 0500 during the senior year.
Russian: RUSS 0151, RUSS 0152, three others taken either at Middlebury or at one of our schools in Russia, and RUSS 0704.
Spanish: Six courses at the 0300-level or above, including SPAN 0300, at least one literature course in the area of interest, at least one culture course in the area of interest, and one 0400-level seminar during the senior year.

Philosophy: PHIL 0150 or 0151; PHIL 0180; one course in history of philosophy (PHL 0201, PHIL/CLAS 0175, or PHIL 0250); one 0400-level seminar to be taken in the last three semesters; and one course from each of the following areas: (1) ethics and social and political philosophy (ESP); (2) epistemology, language, metaphysics, mind and science (ELMMS)
Political Science: PSCI 0103 or PSCI 0109; one course from PSCI 0101, PSCI 0102, PSCI 0104; PSCI 0107; four other courses from either the comparative politics or international relations and foreign policy categories, including one 0400-level seminar taken at Middlebury College in Vermont. IGST seminars co-taught by PSCI faculty cannot substitute for 0400-level PSCI seminars, but will count toward the six required courses in political science. In addition, it is highly recommended that IGST thesis candidates enroll in PSCI 0368 or PSCI 0347 before their senior year.
Religion: Six courses on religious traditions with a major presence in the region of study, at least two of which must be at the 0300-level. Two of the courses may treat the religious traditions of the region as practiced in other parts of the world. IGS senior seminars co-taught by RELI faculty will count toward the required six classes. In some cases, RELI 0400 may also be counted toward the six courses.
Sociology/Anthropology: To specialize in sociology/anthropology within the international and global studies major, students must take: SOAN 0103, SOAN 0105, SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306, plus three other sociology/anthropology electives. For students who plan on writing a senior thesis, one of the electives must be SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302 before their senior year.

IGST 0101 Introduction to International and Global Studies (Fall 2013)
This is the core course of the International and Global Studies major. It is an introduction to key international issues and problems that will likely feature prominently in their courses at Middlebury and study abroad. Issues covered will differ from year to year, but they may include war, globalization, immigration, racism, imperialism, nationalism, world organizations, non-governmental organizations, the European Union, the rise of East Asia, politics and society in Latin America, and anti-Americanism. 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP (G. Herb, D. Wyatt)

IGST 0250 International Diplomacy and Modern South Asia (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine current political and economic issues in the countries of South Asia - Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bhutan. We will first examine the background of the South Asian region in general (pre-colonial and colonial eras) and of South Asian countries after independence. We will look at specific interstate and intrastate issues, focusing on the combined quests for political stability and economic development. Students will look at topical issues from the perspective of an officer working in a U.S. Embassy or in a U.S. foreign policy agency. The course will combine rigorous academic understanding of the region with current policy issues. Readings will include both academic studies and contemporary policy/issues papers. This course is equivalent to PSCI 0250. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, SOC (J. Lunstead)

IGST 0404 Global Geographies of Labor and Youth (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will examine the relationship between the spatial organization of the global political economy and the lives of working people and youth. We will investigate a variety of industrial and agrarian contexts in North America, Latin America, South Africa, India, and China. We will place an emphasis on the problems posed by labor and capital mobility, and global production networks that impact worker organization and the lives of children and young people. Students must have advanced reading ability in a language other than English as they will be required to work with foreign language sources. This course is equivalent to SOAN 0404 and GEOG 0404. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. McCallum, K. McKinney)

IGST 0406 The Global Sixties: Exploding Visual Cultures (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will explore the global upheavals of 1968 through the transdisciplinary lens of visual culture. Through a focus on architecture, film, and art we will unpack the political, social, and cultural climate that helped to define1968. Signature features of this historical moment such as the anxieties of modernism, feminist, sexual, and race-based movements, and postcolonial formations will be studied in sites and aesthetic experiments around the globe. While 1968 is often seen as uniquely Western, we will explores the implications of this epochal moment as it plays out in India, Brazil, Japan, and other non-Western centers of cultural production. This course is equivalent to JAPN 0406 and GSFS 0406. 3 hrs. sem. ART, CMP (S. Moorti, S. Snyder)

IGST 0447 Democracy, Development, and Globalization (Fall 2013)
In this course we will address crucial issues that both economists and political scientists have considered fundamental to their disciplines: how nations become democratic, develop economically, and confront globalization and regionalism. We will focus on theories that come from various disciplines to explain these phenomena. Following several weeks of theoretical discussion, we will focus on case studies from Latin America, Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe, and China. Our approach will focus on integrating various disciplines to understand these inherently interdisciplinary issues. Students will be expected to write research papers that will utilize foreign language sources, as appropriate. This course is equivalent to ECON 0337 and PSCI 0337. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. Cason, W. Pyle)

IGST 0460 Global Consumptions: Food, Eating, and Power in Comparative Perspective (Spring 2014)
Using interdisciplinary approaches, we will examine the practices and politics of food and eating in a range of regions. Food sustains not only bodies, but national, ethnic, and social identities as well. Notions of time and space, order and transgression, nature and culture have long affected what people eat and how they do it. How does eating, this most basic and universal of human practices, both reflect difference and create it? How are food systems, symbolic and “real,” linked to national and international politics: Finally, how are contemporary food practices influenced by “modernization” and “globalization”? We will consider these and other questions as they apply to Asia, Europe, Africa, Latin America, and the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. This course is equivalent to SOAN 0460. 3 hrs. sem. (E. Oxfeld, P. Schwartz)

IGST 0483 The Rise of Asia and US Policy (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study what is arguably the most important strategic development of the 21st century: how the rise of Asia presents security challenges to the region and the United States. Drawing from international relations scholarship, the course will focus on foreign policy challenges and potential responses. These challenges include both traditional security and nontraditional areas such as water and the environment. We will integrate the analysis of these issues in South, East, and Southeast Asia with study of the policy process, in part through simulations and role-playing exercises. This course is equivalent to PSCI 0483. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CMP, SOC (O. Lewis, J. Lunstead)

IGST 0500 East Asian Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0501 Latin American Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0502 Middle East Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0503 African Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0504 South Asian Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0505 European Studies Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0700 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0701 Russian and East European Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0702 European Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0703 Latin American Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0704 Latin American Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0705 African Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0706 Middle East Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

IGST 0707 South Asian Studies Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Italian
Our programs offer students the opportunity to achieve high competence in written and spoken Italian, in understanding Italian literature and culture, and in applying this linguistic, literary, and cultural knowledge to the study of other disciplines. During the academic year our program emphasizes the study of literature and culture in the context of language acquisition. The other integral components of Italian at Middlebury are the Italian School (summer on the Middlebury College campus), and the C. V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Italy (junior year or semester), where students can take courses in our magnificent Sede in Florence (in the Renaissance Palazzo Giugni) as well as at the University of Florence, or can direct-enroll in our programs at the University of Ferrara or the University of Rome (for students who prefer immersion into the Italian university system). These rich programs encourage students to deepen and broaden their study of Italian literature, cinema, history, art history, political science, and many other disciplines. During the academic year in Middlebury, all four levels of courses in Italian are available every semester, and--for qualified students--faculty members are also available to direct independent research projects (ITAL 0550) as well as senior honors research (ITAL 0755).
     For a Major in Italian: For a full or double major in Italian, students must complete eleven credits beyond ITAL 0103, including senior work (two courses at the 0400 level). (Please note: ITAL 0101, 0102, and 0103 do not count for the major). Majors are normally expected to study a year at the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Italy (Florence), or at the University of Ferrara or University of Rome, and upon their return from Italy they must take an Italian literature course each semester. With careful advance planning, a student can complete a major with one semester in Italy and courses at the Italian School in the summer. No more than seven of nine credits from Florence or Ferrara are applicable to the major (three out of four, or four out of five credits for each semester). 
     Joint Major in Italian: For the joint major in Italian, students complete seven credits beginning with ITAL 0251, including two courses at the 0400 level. Students must also complete a joint project credited in either of the two disciplines, as well as fulfill the requirements in the second discipline. Students are normally expected to complete one semester at either the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Florence, the university of Ferrara, or the university of Rome. No more than three out of four credits or four out of five credits per semester from coursework in Italy are applicable to the Italian part of the major. ITAL 0355 must be completed upon return by students who opt for the fall semester in Italy; spring semester students must complete the equivalent of 0355 in Italy.
     International and Global Studies Major with Italian (European Studies Track): Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies major section, the Italian language component of an International and Global Studies major requires completion of the following: 1) Italian courses required for study in Italy (see below); 2) one semester, and preferably a full year, at the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Florence, the University of Ferrara, or the University of Rome; 3) ITAL 0355 (or its equivalent in the summer school or in Italy); 4) at least one 0400-level course in Italian upon return from Italy. Regional specialization requirements for the International and Global Studies major may include ITAL 0290-level courses (in English) as well as 0300-level courses taught at Middlebury or in Italy.
     Minor in Italian: The Italian minor consists of six courses: ITAL 0251, ITAL 0252, (or two courses counted from ITAL 3251-3252-3253 in the Italian Summer School) and four 0300-level courses. Students entering the program with a standing beyond the ITAL 0252-level are required to take at least one 0400-level course as part of the Italian minor. All courses at the 0300-level can be completed during the academic year at Middlebury, at the Italian School, or at one of the affiliated Middlebury programs in Italy (Florence, Ferrara, or Rome).
     Fulfilling The Middlebury College Writing Requirement: All Italian majors, joint majors, minors, and International and Global Studies majors with literature and culture focus in Italian are strongly encouraged to fulfill their college writing requirement by enrolling in CMLT 0101 Introduction to World Literature.
     Requirements for Junior Year/Semester Abroad: The Italian language proficiency requirements for participation in study abroad in Italy can be completed with any combination of courses at the Middlebury campus (summer or academic year) that culminates with the successful completion of ITAL 0252 during the academic year or ITAL 3253 at the Summer School. Students must also have an overall academic average of at least B-, an average of B in Italian (or additional course work), and be enrolled in an Italian course the semester before departure. Because of the demanding and intensive nature of our programs in Middlebury, and because of the difficulty of finding equivalent programs in the United States or in Italy, we do not accept alternative programs for the fulfillment of study abroad requirements.
     C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Italy-Florence: Students may study for a semester or for a full year in Italy. Fall and spring term students enroll for language, literature, and civilization courses in September and January. For examples of recent courses, please refer to the course database: http://www.middlebury.edu/international/sa/cid.  Students studying in Florence are also expected to enroll in at least one elective course at the Universit degli Studi di Firenze. Subject areas generally offered there include archeology, philology, Italian literature, linguistics, international relations, political science, comparative politics, sociology, history, art history, and history of economics.
     C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Italy-Ferrara/Rome: Students who apply to the programs at the University of Ferrara or the University of Rome must contact the department chair to discuss their plans. Important: All students studying at the University of Ferrara or the University of Rome must take a literature course each semester, in consultation with the department chair, preferably including a survey or monographic course on medieval or Renaissance Italian literature. Subject areas often offered include Italian literature, comparative literature, history, linguistics, philosophy, geography, art history, architecture, theater history, sociology, and international economics as well as other disciplines.

ITAL 0101 Intensive Beginning Italian (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the Italian language that provides a foundation in both spoken and written Italian. Focus on the spoken language encourages rapid mastery of the basic structures and vocabulary of contemporary Italian. The exclusive use of Italian in dialogue situations and vocabulary building encourages the student to develop skills in a personalized context. Conversation and drill are stimulated and fostered through active reference to popular Italian music, authentic props, and slides of Italian everyday life and culture. Students are required to participate in the Italian table. 6 hrs. disc./perf.; 2 hrs. screen (A. Barashkov, S. Mula, I. Brancoli Busdraghi)

ITAL 0103 Intensive Beginning Italian III (Spring 2014)
This course emphasizes increased control and proficiency in the language through audiovisual, conversational, and drill methods. Italian life and culture continue to be revealed through the use of realia. Short reading selections on contemporary Italy and discussions enlarge the student's view of Italian life and culture. Students continue to participate in the Italian table. (ITAL 0102 or equivalent) 6 hrs. disc./perf.; 2 hrs. screen. LNG (A. Barashkov, I. Brancoli Busdraghi, M. Van Order)

ITAL 0123 Accelerated Beginning Italian (Spring 2014)
This course is an intensive introduction to the Italian language that condenses the material normally covered in ITAL 0101 and 0102. We will focus on the spoken language and encourage rapid mastery of the basic structures and vocabulary. Conversation and drill will be stimulated and fostered through active reference to popular Italian culture, film, and music. We will meet 5 times a week including two 75-minutes meetings and an additional drill session. After completing this course students will be fully prepared for second-year Italian. 6 hrs. lect./disc./1.5 hr drill LNG (I. Brancoli Busdraghi)

ITAL 0251 An Introduction to Contemporary Italy (Fall 2013)
Intended for students at the intermediate level, this course will afford the opportunity to expand conversation, writing, and reading skills while consolidating knowledge of the more difficult points of grammar. The contextual focus of the course is contemporary Italian culture, including contemporary history and politics, the economy, the division between North and South, immigration from developing countries, environmental issues, and popular music, among others. Italian films, music, and articles from newspapers and news magazines will enhance and complete the learning experience. (ITAL 0250, waiver, or equivalent) EUR, LNG, SOC (S. Carletti, M. Van Order)

ITAL 0252 Italian Culture II: From the Sixties to the Present Day (Spring 2014)
To deepen the historical knowledge gained in ITAL 0251, we will discuss and analyze modern and contemporary Italian literature of various genres, as well as essays, art, and film. In the context of reading, critical viewing, textual analysis, and discussion, we will continue to develop both historical and linguistic competence. Discussion and the writing process, along with selected exercises, will continue to refine grammatical competence. (ITAL 0251) 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, LNG (S. Carletti, P. Zupan)

ITAL/CMLT 0299 Literary Feasts: Representations of Food in Modern Narrative (in English) (Spring 2014)
This course will consider food and eating practices within specific cultural and historical contexts. We will analyze realistic, symbolic, religious, erotic, and political functions surrounding the preparation and consumption of food. Readings will be drawn from several national traditions, with a focus on Europe. Authors will include, among others, I. Dinesen, L. Esquivel, J. Harris, E. Hemingway, T. Lampedusa, P. Levi, C. Petrini, M. Pollan, E. Vittorini, and B. Yoshimoto. Viewing of several films where food and eating play an important role will supplement class discussion. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT (S. Carletti)

ITAL 0354 Epoche della letteratura italiana I: introduzione al periodo moderno (Fall 2013)
This course acquaints students with the major 19th and 20th century works and movements and develops the students' linguistic, critical, and analytical skills. The readings will introduce literary genres within a chronological framework. Special emphasis will be placed on the skill of writing in Italian. (ITAL 0252 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./disc., 2 hrs. screen. EUR, LIT (S. Mula)

ITAL 0355 Epoche della letteratura italiana II: introduzione al Medioevo e al Rinascimento (Spring 2014)
While continuing to develop critical and analytical skills through a careful reading of excerpts from the literary masterpieces of the Italian Middle Ages and the Renaissance, students will explore the artistic representations of one of the most enduring facets of human experience: love. Love in all its nuances, as spiritual ecstasy, volatile emotion, intellectual construction, erotic drive, insane passion, and comic interaction, has in fact dominated Italian literature and culture for centuries. Why has Italian culture produced such conflicting representations of love? How do Medieval and Renaissance texts still communicate with our deepest feelings and emotions, and, in particular, with our perception of love and sexuality? Through selective readings of Medieval prose and poetry by Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch, and of Renaissance works by Machiavelli, Ariosto, and Tasso, this course will address and discuss these questions. The analysis of visual culture (medieval and Renassance art; contemporary films based on the original literary texts) will complement the readings. (ITAL 0354 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./disc., 2 hrs. screen. EUR, LIT (S. Mula)

ITAL 0459 Modern Italian Literature and Culture (Fall 2013)
This course will consider the works of Italian twentieth-century novelists and will explore the authors' narrative techniques within a larger discussion of the social context that their works reflect and interpret. Focusing on novels by Natalia Ginzburg, Carlo Levi, Carlo Collodi, Italo Calvino, we will discuss issues related to gender roles, family, education, class, and politics. Special attention will be devoted to each author's approach to the art of storytelling. Films inspired by some of the novels will supplement the readings. (ITAL 0355 or equivalent) 3 hrs. disc. EUR, LIT (S. Carletti)

ITAL 0550 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Italian faculty as a group will consider and approve requests by qualified juniors and seniors to engage in independent work. Students must submit a prospectus that includes a bibliography of no less than five sources. Interested students should contact members of the Italian faculty before the end of the preceding term to discuss their project and to see if they are available to direct the Independent Study. Students must submit a prospectus with the department chair by the end of the first week of classesfor fall and spring term approvals, by the end the last week of fall semesterfor winter term approvals. Prior to submission, sufficient advance consultation with project directors is required.Junior students are strongly encouraged to consider independent study as preparation for senior honors thesis work. (Staff)

ITAL 0755 Senior Honors (Spring 2014)
As prerequisite, students must have an A- or above average in Italian courses and a B overall average to be considered for honors work. They may achieve honors through a one-credit thesis of 25 or more pages, whose work may extend over one or more semesters, or through a comprehensive exam. Italian faculty as a group will consider and approve requests by qualified juniors and seniors to engage in honors work. (Staff)

Japanese
Required for the Major: Students are expected to achieve proficiency in Japanese at the advanced level, requiring the completion of JAPN 0402, or the equivalent of four years of language study. Students are strongly encouraged to begin the study of Japanese in their first academic year. Students who begin study of Japanese in the sophomore year must attend the summer Japanese School before study abroad in Japan. Students are strongly encouraged to spend the full junior year in Japan. Most students complete the equivalent of third- and fourth-year Japanese (JAPN 0301, 0302, 0401, 0402) during their junior year abroad.
     In addition to the completion of JAPN 0402 or equivalent, six culture courses on Japan are required. At least two departmental culture courses must be taken before approval for study in Japan:

JAPN/SOAN 0110 Current Social Issues in Japan
JAPN/FMMC 0175 Japanese Animation
JAPN 0198 Japanese Poetry
JAPN 0210 Introduction to Japanese Linguistics
JAPN 0215 Modern Japanese Fiction
JAPN 0216 Contemporary Japanese Fiction
JAPN 0217 Contemporary Japanese Fiction: Haruki Murakami and His Generation
JAPN 0330 Global Japanese Culture
JAPN/FMMC 0237 Japanese Film
JAPN/WAGS 0245 Josei Undo: Women's Activism in Contemporary Japan
JAPN/WAGS 0250 Gender in Japan
JAPN/FMMC 0260 Kurosawa
JAPN 0290 The Tale of Genji (formerly JAPN 0190)
JAPN 0450/JAPN 0451 Seminar in Classical Japanese

     Two of the six required culture courses may be cross-listed courses with significant content on Japan or culture courses taken in the junior year in Japan. Departmental approval is required.
     Honors: Successful completion of one advanced language course and JAPN 0700 Senior Thesis with a grade of B+ or above are required for graduation with departmental honors. Departmental honors will be awarded according to the grade point average of courses taken in the department, in the summer Middlebury Japanese School, and in Japan. A grade point average of 3.3 in these courses is required for graduation with honors. A grade point average of 3.75 and a grade of A on the thesis are required for High Honors.
     Required for the Minor: Courses required for the minor in Japanese are completion of language courses to the level of JAPN 0202, or the equivalent, and two additional courses offered by the Japanese Studies department in culture, literature, or film. Cross-listed courses may not count toward the Japanese minor.
     Middlebury's Summer Language School: Intensive language courses are available each summer at Middlebury's Japanese School. During the eight-week session, students and faculty live in the same Japanese language dormitory, take their meals together, and communicate exclusively in Japanese, whether in the classroom or outside of class. For all students pursuing the study of Japanese language and culture, and especially prior to study abroad in Japan, a summer of concentrated study at the second-, third,- or fourth-year level in Middlebury's intensive Japanese School is strongly recommended. Students who are unable to begin the study of Japanese in their first year at Middlebury are strongly encouraged to begin or accelerate their study by taking a course in the intensive summer program.
     Study in Japan: Majors in Japanese Studies are strongly encouraged to spend the junior year in Japan. The C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Japan, located in Tokyo, offers intensive language courses and topics courses in Japanese. Students have residential options in dormitories or in home-stays arranged by the program.
     Language Technology and Resources: Japanese courses incorporate a variety of computer-driven teaching and learning strategies. Video and audio materials for first- and second-year levels are available on any computer, so that students can view and listen to authentic materials at any time in their dorm rooms or in labs. Japanese films, scripts, and anime in advanced-language courses are also available on the Web to students enrolled in those courses. Many Japanese literature and culture offerings are Web-based multimedia courses. Instructors often make use of conferencing and other electronic tools to extend learning beyond regular class hours. The Middlebury College Library contains an extensive collection of works in English on most aspects of Japan; in addition, there are 1,700 works in Japanese, with special strengths in literature and linguistics.

JAPN 0101 First-Year Japanese (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the modern Japanese language aimed at acquisition of the four basic skills speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. The emphasis is on thorough mastery of the basic structures of Japanese through intensive oral-aural practice and extensive use of audiovisual materials. The two kana syllabaries and kanji (characters) will be introduced toward the goals of developing reading skills and reinforcing grammar and vocabulary acquisition. 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (K. Davis)

JAPN 0103 First-Year Japanese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of the fall and winter terms with the introduction of more advanced grammatical structures, vocabulary, and characters. The continuing emphasis of the beginning Japanese course will be upon acquisition of well-balanced language skills based on an understanding of the actual use of the language in the Japanese sociocultural context. (JAPN 0101, JAPN 0102) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (K. Davis)

JAPN/SOAN 0110 Current Social Issues in Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will use ethnography, fiction, and historical studies to examine some of the underlying themes of Japanese culture. Japan is a highly developed, post-industrial society renowned across the globe for economic success in the post-World War II period. What historical and social factors have shaped Japan’s contemporary culture, and how have interactions with other countries influenced Japanese society? We will study a number of different spheres of Japanese life including the family and the workplace to better understand contemporary society. We will pay special attention to Japan’s global position and its relationship to the United States. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, SOC (L. White)

JAPN 0201 Second-Year Japanese (Fall 2013)
The goals of the intermediate course are to develop the ability to understand conversational Japanese at natural speed, to express oneself accurately and smoothly in various situations, to read nontechnical materials at reasonable speed with the use of the dictionary, and to express oneself in writing with relative ease. Understanding of Japanese culture will be broadened and deepened through mastery of the course materials. (JAPN 0103 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (K. Davis)

JAPN 0202 Second-Year Japanese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of JAPN 0201. (JAPN 0201 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (K, Davis)

JAPN/LNGT 0210 Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (Fall 2013)
This course will provide an introduction to linguistics theories as applied to the study of Japanese. Through the exploration of a language that is very different from Indo-European languages, students will gain a better understanding of how human languages work and are structured. The relationship of language to culture will be a central theme in the course. Topics covered will include key concepts in linguistics, Japanese linguistics, culture, and pedagogy. This course will be taught in English; no Japanese language or linguistics knowledge required. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, SOC (M. Hoye)

JAPN 0217 Contemporary Japanese Fiction: Haruki Murakami and His Generation (Spring 2014)
Contemporary Japanese literature is dominated by the work of Haruki Murakami and writers who have been influenced by him. We will examine Murakami's work in detail, including A Wild Sheep Chase, Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, and Kafka on the Shore, and then look at the relationship between Murakami and other contemporary writers (Yoko Ogawa, Ryu Murakami, Natsuo Kirino). Murakami's impact on the visual arts (Takashi Murakami and "Superflat") and the wider culture will also be examined. Students will gain a strong grounding in contemporary Japanese culture through the eyes of one of its most interesting and influential practitioners. AAL, LIT (S. Snyder)

JAPN/HIST 0236 The History of Modern Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will review the major themes and events of modern Japanese history from the Meiji Restoration (1868) to the present. Through reading a variety of primary texts, historical analyses, and literature, as well as watching films, we will explore the formation of the modern Japanese nation-state, Japan’s colonial project in East Asia, 1920s mass culture, the question of Showa fascism, and Japan’s unique postwar experience, from occupation to high-growth and the “lost decade” of the 1990s. We will pay particular attention to the relationship between changes within Japan and larger global trends. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, SOC (M. Ward)

JAPN/GSFS 0250 Gender in Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine changing ideas about gender and sexuality in Japan in the 10th through 20th centuries, with special attention to the modern period. Sources will include literary texts, films, and social/historical studies. We will discuss topics, including women's writing in classical Japan; the commercialization of sexuality in the 18th century; ideas of "homosexuality" in late-medieval and modern times; and women's social roles and political struggles in the 20th century. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT (L. White)

JAPN 0301 Third-Year Japanese (Fall 2013)
This advanced course aims to increase the student's proficiency in modern standard Japanese, both spoken and written. A variety of written and audiovisual materials will be used to consolidate and expand mastery of more advanced grammatical points and vocabulary. Oral presentation, discussion, and composition in Japanese are also important components of the course. (JAPN 0202 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (M. Hoye)

JAPN 0302 Third-Year Japanese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of JAPN 0301. (JAPN 0301 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. drill LNG (M. Hoye)

JAPN/HIST 0312 Tokyo: Between History and Utopia (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the history of Tokyo—from its "prehistory" as a small castle town in the 16th century to the cosmopolitan metropolis of the 20th century—and trace how Tokyo has captured the imagination as a space of possibility, of play, and for many, of decadence. Through a range of sources, including films, novels, ethnographies, and historical essays, we will use Tokyo as a "site" (both urban and ideological) through which to explore broader questions related to capitalist modernity, the formation of the nation-state, cultural identity, gender politics, and mass-culture. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, HIS, SOC (M. Ward)

JAPN 0330 Global Japanese Culture - In English (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the transformation of Japanese cultural identity (Japanese-ness) as products, ideas, and people move across the borders in and out of Japan. Social scientists have been particularly interested in the Japanizing of non-Japanese practices and products such as hip hop and hamburgers, as well as the popularity of Japanese styles and products on the global scene. We will take an anthropological approach using texts such as Millennial Monsters, Remade in Japan, and Hip Hop Japan to examine the issues of cultural hybridity, identity, and globalization. AAL, SOC (L. White)

JAPN 0401 Advanced Japanese (Fall 2013)
In this course we will read, analyze, and discuss advanced Japanese materials from a variety of modern and contemporary sources. (JAPN 0302 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (M. Hoye)

JAPN 0402 Advanced Japanese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of JAPN 0401. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (M. Hoye)

JAPN 0406 The Global Sixties: Exploding Visual Cultures (Fall 2013)
In this seminar we will explore the global upheavals of 1968 through the transdisciplinary lens of visual culture. Through a focus on architecture, film, and art we will unpack the political, social, and cultural climate that helped to define1968. Signature features of this historical moment such as the anxieties of modernism, feminist, sexual, and race-based movements, and postcolonial formations will be studied in sites and aesthetic experiments around the globe. While 1968 is often seen as uniquely Western, we will explores the implications of this epochal moment as it plays out in India, Brazil, Japan, and other non-Western centers of cultural production. This course is equivalent to IGST 0406 and GSFS 0406. 3 hrs. sem. ART, CMP (S. Moorti, S. Snyder)

JAPN 0435 Workshop in Literary Translation (Fall 2013)
Literary translation is a valuable but often neglected skill for advanced language learners. In this workshop we will consider the basic theoretical arguments in translation studies influencing translation styles and then practice translation in a variety of literary genres. Sessions will include discussions of translation strategies and active peer critique of sample translations. Each student will produce a substantial translation as the semester project. Topics covered will include: text selection, translation ethics, practical methodologies, and publishing industry standards. (JAPN 0402 concurrent or prior) AAL, LIT, LNG (S. Snyder)

JAPN/HIST 0436 Readings in Japanese History: Modernism and Fascism between the World Wars (Fall 2013)
The 1920s in Japan is typically understood as a period of political and cultural experimentation, as witnessed by the rise of avant-garde cultural groups and radicalized social movements. In contrast, the 1930s is portrayed as Japan's "dark valley", in which this sense of experimentation was suppressed or co-opted by the state. In this course, we will revisit these tumultuous decades by engaging with a range of historical assessments, novels, and critical essays. We will begin by examining theories of modernism and fascism, and then explore the changing socio-cultural milieu in interwar Japan, including mass-culture, modernization, romanticism, imperialism, and utopianism. (Formerly HIST 0418) AAL, HIS (M. Ward)

JAPN 0500 Independent Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Qualified students may be permitted to undertake a special project in reading and research under the direction of a member of the department. Students should seek an advisor and submit a proposal to the department well in advance of registration for the term in which the work is to be undertaken. (Staff)

JAPN 0700 Honors Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students write a thesis in English with a synopsis in Japanese on literature, film, or culture. The topic for the thesis is chosen in consultation with the instructor. (JAPN 0475) (Staff)

Jewish Studies
What is Jewish Studies? Jewish Studies ranges over the study of Jews and Judaism from the Biblical period to the present. It takes Judaism not only as a "religion," but as a civilization and culture encompassing a rich textual tradition, literature in several languages, philosophy and theology, customs and ritual, art, music and film. Jewish Studies is by its nature interdisciplinary and can be approached, for example, from within the disciplines of history, religion, sociology and anthropology, or literary study. The program also sponsors a wide array of lectures and other events, including the annual Hannah A. Quint Lecture in Jewish Studies and the Silberman Symposium in Jewish Studies.
     A distinguishing aspect of Middlebury's program is the depth of study possible in Hebrew. Middlebury also offers a Hebrew Minor, with courses in both Modern and Classical Hebrew. Introductory Modern Hebrew is offered every year, and Introductory Classical Hebrew in alternate years, usually in Winter Term. (For Hebrew course descriptions, click on the link to Courses, upper left.)
     Requirements: This program offers a minor in Jewish Studies to students who complete the following requirements:
(1) One of the following courses that offer a broad introduction to the study of Judaism:
RELI 0160 The Jewish Tradition
RELI/CLAS 0162 The Formation of Judaism in Antiquity

(2) Three additional courses pertinent to Jewish Studies from among the following:
GRMN 0325 Representing the Unthinkable: The Holocaust in Art and Literature
HEBM 0220 Modern Hebrew Culture in Translation
HIST 0250 The Jews in Modern Europe
HIST 0257 The Holocaust
HIST 0424 Readings in Modern European History: The Nazis and the Jews
IGST 0343 State and Society in Contemporary Israel\
RELI 0260 Classical Jewish Texts
RELI 0180 Biblical Literature
RELI 0280 Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
Up to two courses in Hebrew language or texts (HEBR 0201 and higher) may count toward the requirements for the minor

(3) A 0300-level seminar in Jewish Studies;
RELI 0360 Seminar in Jewish Thought
RELI 0362 Zionism: Idea and Realities
RELI 0380 Seminar in Biblical Studies

     Other appropriate courses may be substituted for courses in categories (2) or (3) with the permission of the program director.

Linguistics
Linguistics can be broadly described as the study of language. It is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that provides a framework for the understanding of all aspects of language, ranging from the theoretical and structural to the sociological and applied. Linguists employ a wide variety of tools to analyze language at the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels. They also examine language as a universal aspect of human behavior and thinking, the place of language in human life, and the ways in which language functions in society to fulfill the needs of the people who use it. This interdisciplinary field encompasses language in all its different forms and manifestations around the world, spanning geographical, historical, and sociological divides, and providing a link between the humanities, the social sciences, education and the natural sciences. The different disciplines within linguistics—theoretical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics, among others—provide a solid foundation for the study of languages and cultures.
     The minor consists of a minimum of five courses: two required introductory level courses [LNGT 0101 and LNGT 0102]

Core courses for the minor are as follows:
LNGT 0101 Introduction to Linguistics
LNGT 0102 Introduction to Sociolinguistics
LNGT 0201 Introduction to Romance Linguistics

Courses at Middlebury College that count as electives include the following (students are advised to check with the director for a complete list of courses that count as electives):

CHNS 0270 Chinese Sociolinguistics
CSCI 0457 Natural Language Processing
GRMN 0340 The Structure of German
INTD 0111/ARBC 0111 Diversity of Human Language
ITAL 0401 History of Italian Language
LNGT 0201 Introduction to Romance Linguistics
LNGT 1001 Introduction to Translation Studies
LNGT/EDST 1004 Second Language Acquisition and Educational Technology
PHIL 0180 Introduction to Modern Logic
PHIL 0354 Philosophy of Language
SOAN 0359 Language and Power
SPAN 0322 Introduction to Spanish Linguistics
SPAN 0390 Linguistic Variation
SPAN 0435 Spanish in the United States
WRPR/EDST 0102 The English Language in a Global Context

LNGT 0101 Introduction to Linguistics (Fall 2013)
This is an introductory course in linguistics taught in English. The main topics will include the nature of human language as distinct from other communication systems; the subsystems of linguistic knowledge, i.e., sound patterns (phonology), word-formation (morphology), sentence structure (syntax), and meaning (semantics); language and the brain; language acquisition; language use in context; geographical and social dialects; and historical development of language and language change. (Formerly INTD 0112) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (A. Germain-Rutherford, A. Barashkov)

LNGT 0102 Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will explore the ways that language creates and reflects social identities. We will look at the contextual factors-social, cultural, geographical, political, etc.-that impact language use and variation. Themes for this course will include linguistic variation, language and identity, language policy, and language in the media. We will consider questions such as: What distinguishes a language from a dialect? How and why do some language varieties become privileged? How do notions of politeness and respect vary across linguistic contexts? In essence, we will learn how language shapes our world, and how we shape language itself. SOC (S. Shapiro)

LNGT/EDST 0107 Introduction to TESOL (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study theories and practices relevant to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in the U.S. and abroad. We will examine curricular resources used with adolescent and adult learners, and practice developing materials applicable to a variety of classroom settings. We will also discuss critical issues in the field, such as linguistic prejudice, language maintenance, and social justice pedagogy. Class sessions are largely hands-on, and include student teaching demonstrations with peer feedback. Opportunities for community engagement are also available. The final project is a portfolio that includes a personal philosophy of teaching. (Not open to students who have taken LNGT/EDST 1003) (S. Shapiro)

LNGT 0201 Introduction to Romance Linguistics (Spring 2014)
This course welcomes students and speakers of French, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, and Spanish who are curious about linguistics and wish to undertake a comparative study of the Romance linguistic family as a whole. We shall review the basic principles and methods of the linguistic science and immediately apply them to the rich and fascinating data drawn from the history of the Romance languages. Through alternating internal (structural) and external (socio-cultural) approaches to the study of languages, our goal is to construct a coherent vision of unity and diversity that at once characterize the native languages of more than 900 million speakers worldwide. (LNGT 0101 or by approval) 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, EUR, SOC (A. Barashkov)

LNGT/JAPN 0210 Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (Fall 2013)
This course will provide an introduction to linguistics theories as applied to the study of Japanese. Through the exploration of a language that is very different from Indo-European languages, students will gain a better understanding of how human languages work and are structured. The relationship of language to culture will be a central theme in the course. Topics covered will include key concepts in linguistics, Japanese linguistics, culture, and pedagogy. This course will be taught in English; no Japanese language or linguistics knowledge required. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (M. Hoye)

LNGT/ARBC 0225 Introduction to Arabic Linguistics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on the study of Arabic as a “language system" in terms of the frameworks and tools of modern linguistic analysis. Topics covered include the sound system (phonology), word structure (morphology), phrase and sentence structure (syntax), meaning at the word and sentential level (semantics), as well as the history of Arabic and the Arabic grammatical tradition. We will give equal attention to the study of the linguistic features of both Standard Arabic and the modern Arabic dialects of today. Readings will be drawn from a variety of sources, including descriptive grammars and modern linguistic analyses. (ARBC 0103 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect/disc. AAL, LNG (U. Soltan)

LNGT/CHNS 0270 Chinese Sociolinguistics (taught in English) (Spring 2014)
Sociolinguistics is mainly concerned with the interaction of language and society. The language situation in China is unique both in the modern world and in human history. We will gain a good understanding of sociolinguistics as a scientific field of inquiry through exploring the Chinese situation in this course. Some of the questions we will ask are: What is Mandarin (Modern Standard) Chinese? Who are "native speakers" of Mandarin? Are most Chinese people monolingual (speaking only one language) or bilingual (speaking two languages) or even multilingual? How many "dialects" are there in China? What is the difference between a "language" and a "dialect"? Are Chinese characters "ideographs", i.e., "pictures" that directly represent meaning and have nothing to do with sound? Why has the pinyin romanization system officially adopted in the 1950s never supplanted the Chinese characters? Why are there traditional and simplified characters? We will also explore topics such as power, register, verbal courtesy, gender and language use. Students are encouraged to compare the Chinese situation with societies that they are familiar with. (One semester of Chinese language study or by waiver). AAL (H. Du)

LNGT 0331 Multilingualism and Second Language Acquisition in Africa (Fall 2013)
Why do most people from Swaziland to Morocco speak several languages? What is to be gained by using more than one language in conversation? How does language teaching determine power relations? In this course we will reflect upon our own linguistic encounters, while contextualizing the experience of the individual within society as a language learner and speaker. We will discuss the rich linguistic profiles of the African continent from proto-linguistic to neocolonial and critically explore language ideology and second language identity in African countries through the lenses of government, education, and popular culture. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, SOC (J. Thomas)

LNGT/PHIL 0354 Philosophy of Language (Spring 2014)
Speaking a language is a complex form of behavior that plays a rich and varied role in human life. The philosophy of language seeks to give a philosophical account of this phenomenon, focusing on such questions as: How does language gain meaning? How does it differ from animal communication? Is language in some sense innate? Other topics to be addressed include: theories of reference and truth; the relation between language, thought, and reality; and theories of metaphor. Readings from philosophers and linguists will include works by Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, and Pinker. (Previous course in philosophy or waiver; PHIL 0180 is also strongly recommended) 3 hrs lect. PHL (J. Spackman)

LNGT/SOAN 0359 Language and Power (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to both linguistic anthropology and political anthropology. Communication patterns are always mediated by cultural processes, social inequality, and power, so in this course we will investigate cross-cultural examples of how language, discourse, and representation relate to inequality, power, and resistance. Topics will include sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, gendered language practices, political discourse, and theoretical approaches to power (Marx, Foucault, and Bourdieu) (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105 or LNGT 0102) 3hrs. lect./disc. SOC (M. Nevins)

LNGT 0392 Language Learning in Africana Studies: From Colonial to Global (Fall 2013)
The interdisciplinary studies of Africa and the African Diaspora intersect within the study of Africana. What role did language learning have in the development of these fields? Why is Swahili the most studied African language outside of Africa? In this course we will consider the impact of colonial linguistics on the transnational study of Africa and its Diaspora, as well as the linguistic diversity of these contexts. We will also examine the general diffusion of Swahili through Africana studies programs worldwide, from Mexico and Russia to India, the U.S., and Botswana. In discussing the place of language study in our personal explorations of Africana, we will consider the value of primary resources in the languages of Africa and its Diaspora, and critically assess the future of Africana studies. Swahili-speaking students will review supplemental primary sources in Swahili. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. Thomas)

LNGT 0421 Aspects of Arabic Linguistic Variation (Fall 2013)
In this course we will focus on aspects of Arabic linguistic variation across the Arab world. Topics will include: regional variation among major Arabic dialects in the lexicon and grammar; alternation in usage between Modern Standard Arabic and the vernacular dialects; and variation tied to literary, religious, and political discourse. Readings will consist of Arabic texts taken from a variety of sources, including print and non-print media, political speeches and commentaries, and the language of literature. This course will be taught in Arabic. (ARBC 0302 or equivalent) 3 hrs. sem. AAL, LNG, SOC (U. Soltan)

LNGT 0500 Independent Work (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Literature At Middlebury
Students interested in Literature may pursue a major or a minor in the English and American Literatures Department, in any of the Language Departments, or a major in the Literary Studies Program or in the Comparative Literature Program.

Comparative Literature Major
This course of study prepares students to focus on the comparative study of national literatures. Students majoring in comparative literature will receive training in one or two of these literatures in the original language along with comparative methodology.
     To view the requirements for the Comparative Literature Major, please refer to that section of the Course Catalog.

English and American Literatures
To view the requirements for the English and American Literatures major and minor requirements, please refer to that section of the Course Catalog.

Literary Studies
LITS [The Program in Literary Studies] is intended for students who over the course of four years wish to secure a comprehensive background in a full range of the major achievements of world literature, and also to develop the ability to read and appreciate significant literary works in at least one language other than English. By the time they leave Middlebury, graduating seniors in Literary Studies will have achieved a close familiarity with the principal writings of such authors as Homer, Aeschylus, Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Murasaki, Goethe, Wang Wei, Wordsworth, Baudelaire, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Melville, Faulkner, Proust, Kafka, and Joyce, as well as a dozen other literary figures of comparable stature and continuing importance. Students are free to count any literature course in the Middlebury College curriculum (and in approved programs abroad or at other U.S. institutions) toward completion of the Literary Studies major, but in their senior year they are required to complete a comprehensive examination that assesses their accomplishments as knowledgeable interpreters of a full spectrum of recognized literary works of enduring intellectual and artistic value in a variety of cultural traditions. For a full description of the program, please see the department listing under Literary Studies.
     To view the requirements for the Literary Studies major, please refer to that section of the Course Catalog.

Literary Studies
Required for the Major:The overall design of the program is simple, and its expectations are clearly defined. This is a program of study designed for students who by the time of their graduation from Middlebury wish to secure a comprehensive background in a full range of major achievements of world literature, as well as an ability to read and appreciate works of literature in at least one language other than English. To accomplish those ends, each Literary Studies major is required to take a total of 15 courses in literature over the course of four years. No more than six of these courses may be taken within a single department, and the individual courses may be selected from the literature of any language and of any period. They can be wide-ranging surveys or courses devoted to the study of single authors. The specific selection of courses is entirely up to the student, but in order to fulfill the requirements for the major, he or she will be expected to take: (a) two courses one historical, one generally theoretical in orientation selected from the list specified below under the "Summary of Major Requirements"; (b) one literature course in a foreign language (including Greek and Latin)normally 0300-level (though FREN 0210 and the FREN 0200-series will usually qualify); and (c) a Colloquium for majors to be taken during the fall semester of the senior year. In addition, in conjunction with an independent reading course taken during the fall semester of the senior year, the student will arrange to take a one-hour oral examination in an area of specialization (as described below) that he or she has defined. This oral examination takes place at the end of the fall semester, and it is followed by a five-hour written comprehensive examination at the end of winter term.
     The written examination will require the student to demonstrate a knowledge of a range of major works by the authors listed below. For reasons of practicality, the number of authors from this list whose works students will actually have an opportunity to discuss on the comprehensive examination in any given year will be limited to 12. The following current list will give the student a clear sense of the particular range of major authors it is presumed that he or she will be familiar with by senior year:

Homer
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Vergil
Ovid
Lucretius
Dante
Boccaccio
Pirandello
Cervantes
Tirso de Molina
Caldern
Lope de Vega
Borges
Moliere
Baudelaire
Proust
Goethe
Kafka
Mann
Wang Wei
Co Xuegin
Lu-Xn
Gogol
Dostoevsky
Tolstoy
Shakespeare
Milton
Wordsworth
Joyce
Emerson
Melville
Faulkner
Murasaki Shikibu
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Natsume Soseki

     In addition to works by authors whose names appear on this primary list, Literary Studies majors will be urged to deepen their general cultural background by becoming acquainted with the Old and New Testaments (especially Genesis, Psalms, Job, Song of Songs, Matthew, John, Revelation, and the Epistle to the Romans), as well as principal works of Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Darwin, Marx, and Freud. A full list of the specific works by these authors included on the current Literary Studies comprehensive reading list is available on the Literary Studies Program website, or from Professor Donadio, the director of the program.
     Beyond the two historical and theoretical courses required for the program (both of which are counted toward the major), the 0300-level foreign language literature course, the senior year colloquium (LITS 0705) and independent reading course (LITS 0701), and the total of 15 courses, the general, defining requirement for the Literary Studies major is the winter term comprehensive examination (LITS 0700), the overall range of which is specified in the comprehensive reading list. In the process of working toward this general literary education, the student will also be expected to use the independent reading course (LITS 0701) to focus on a group of works chosen to represent an individual specialization in the literature of a particular culture (e.g., German, English, American, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, etc.), or period (e.g., the eighteenth century, the twentieth century, etc.), or genre (e.g., the novel, the drama, lyric poetry, etc.). The specific authors and the 10 to 12 texts selected by the student for this specialization will be approved by the director in conjunction with two faculty examiners with relevant expertise in the fields represented. This oral examination is the culmination of the independent reading course (LITS 0701) in the fall semester. At the end of the following winter term, there is a five-hour written winter term comprehensive examination based on the reading list. Students qualifying for honors (a B+ average in the major, including the comprehensive examination) will complete a Senior Honors Essay (LITS 0710) in their final semester.
     After completing all the specified requirements, the student will be graduated from Middlebury College as a Literary Studies major with a particular area of interest: for example, epic poetry, European drama, Japanese literature, the literature of the nineteenth century, etc. Should the student wish to pursue graduate study, depending on the nature of his or her interests and preparation, the student would be in a good position to do so in such fields as English or American literature, comparative literature, or the literature of a specific foreign language; in addition, he or she would have a secure background for further studies in such fields as law, political philosophy, religion, journalism, publishing, medicine, and cultural and intellectual history. Literary Studies majors have gone on to do work in all these areas.
     As indicated above, students will be eligible for departmental honors in Literary Studies if in their combined performance in literature courses and on the two parts of the comprehensive examination they have achieved an average grade of B+ or higher. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the overall grade average in the major, performance on the comprehensive examination, and a senior honors essay of 30-40 pages to be completed during the spring semester of the senior year (this project counts as one course). A one-hour oral examination on the content and implications of this honors essay is also required, and this examination will be conducted by two faculty members with particular expertise in the fields represented.
Summary of Major Requirements: Total of 15 courses (no more than six in any one department).

(1) Two courses selected from the historical and theoretical courses listed below, one from each category, as currently offered. (With the permission of the director, alternative courses may be substituted for those specified here.)
Historical:
CLAS 0150 Greek and Roman Epic
CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy
PSCI 0101 Introduction to Political Science
RELI 0180 Introduction to Biblical Literature

Theoretical:
ENAM 0205 Contemporary Literary Theory
CHNS/LITS 0360 Introduction to Literary Theory and Criticism

(2) One course in literature in a foreign language (normally 0300 level, but FREN 0201 and FREN 0220 series would usually qualify).
(3) At least four literature courses, but no more than six, to be taken within a single department. (Courses in language instruction may not be counted toward this requirement.)
(4) Independent Reading Course (LITS 0701) in Area of Specialization (by genre, period, theme, or national literature), an area of particular interest defined by the student in consultation with the director. A one-hour oral examination, to be taken in the fall semester before the winter term written comprehensive examination in the senior year, is devoted to this area of special interest. The 10 to12 texts required for this examination will be chosen by the student in conjunction with the director and two faculty examiners with appropriate backgrounds in the fields represented.
(5) Senior Colloquium for majors (LITS 0705, open to non-majors if space is available), focused on a range of works on the comprehensive reading list.
(6) Senior Comprehensive Examination (LITS 0700) in preparation for the written comprehensive examination. Students engaged in such preparation arrange to meet with one another over the course of winter term, and often solicit faculty participation in discussions of individual texts they have chosen to work on as a group.
(7) Written Comprehensive Examination (LITS 0700) (on works that appear on the Literary Studies comprehensive reading list), taken at the end of winter term of the senior year. As indicated, this five-hour written examination represents the second part of the comprehensive requirement, the oral specialization examination in LITS 0701 being the first.
(8) Students achieving an average grade of B+ or higher in the program will be eligible for honors. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the overall grade average in courses in the major, performance on the comprehensive examination, and a senior honors essay of 30-40 pages, to be completed (for one course credit) during the spring semester of the senior year; a one-hour oral examination on the content of this essay is administered by two faculty examiners with expertise in the field of investigation represented.
     Please Note: Any literature course in the Middlebury College curriculum (and in approved programs abroad or at other U.S. institutions) may be used to fulfill the requirements in the Program in Literary Studies. Hence, in addition to the specific LITS course descriptions indicated below, students majoring in Literary Studies as well as non-majors with an interest in literature are urged to read through the entire literature offering by various departments (including language departments) to secure a full sense of the range of courses available in any academic year.

LITS 0500 Independent Research Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

LITS 0510 Independent Essay Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

LITS 0701 Independent Reading Course (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Intended for majors in literary studies preparing for the senior comprehensive examinations. At the conclusion of this course, students will take a one-hour oral examination (part of the senior comprehensive examination) in a specialization of their choice. (Approval Required) (Staff)

LITS 0705 Senior Colloquium in Literary Studies (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study, discuss, and analyze great works of world literature from the perspective of their achievement in thought and literary art. We will further consider them as part of a vital literary tradition in which the works enter into dialogue with one another. Among the authors to be appreciated this term are: Dante, Boccaccio, Calderon, Moliere, Goethe, Gogol, Baudelaire, Proust, Pirandello, and G.B. Shaw. (Open to non-majors with approval of instructor). 3 hrs. sem. (J. Bertolini)

LITS 0710 Senior Honors Essay (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Mathematics
Required for the Major in Mathematics: (Ten courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont)
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, MATH 0223, MATH 0302, and MATH 0323;
II. Electives: four MATH electives at the 0200-level or above;
III. Senior thesis: MATH 0704 in the senior year.
     Note: Students are strongly encouraged to include a proof-based course such as MATH 0241, or MATH 0247 early in their programs. This is especially helpful prior to taking MATH 0302 or MATH 0323.
     Required for the Mathematical Sciences Option in the Mathematics Major: (Ten courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont)
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and MATH 0223;
II. Electives. Six courses from categories A and B. At least four of the six courses must have the MATH designation, and at least two must be from category B.
A. Courses in applied specialization: CSCI 0102, MATH 0225, MATH 0310, MATH 0315, MATH 0318, ECON 0380, PHYS 0212, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0463;
B. Advanced Electives: MATH 0302, MATH 0311, MATH 0323, MATH 0325, MATH 0410, CSCI 0302, ECON 0390, ECON 0411, MATH 0500 (with prerequisite: at least one course from categories A or B);
III. Senior thesis: MATH 0704 in the senior year.
     Note: Students should consult the mathematics department for examples of course sequences in the mathematical sciences option recommended for emphases in Mathematical Economics, Computer Science, or Physical Sciences/Engineering. For students completing double majors, electives used towards a major in another department cannot also be counted as electives in the mathematical sciences option.
     Students planning a "3-2" engineering program who wish to major in Mathematics will complete the thesis course MATH 0704 in their sixth semester at Middlebury. These students should normally choose the Mathematical Sciences Option in the major.
     Honors Program: A student who wishes to be considered for departmental honors in mathematics must submit a proposed plan of study during his or her junior year. Candidates for departmental honors should include two additional electives in their programs (12 courses total). For the mathematical sciences option, an honors program must include one of MATH 0302/0323 and an elective sequence such as MATH 0310-0410 or MATH 0310-0311. Students should consult their advisors as they develop proposals for honors study.
     Required for the Minor in Mathematics: (Six courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont) MATH 0121, MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and three courses at the 0200-level or above.
     Joint Majors: The Department of Mathematics does not offer a joint major.
     Advanced Placement: Advanced placement in the department is offered to first-year students whose secondary training indicates they can commonly bypass one or more of the beginning courses in mathematics. Majors typically begin their study of mathematics in MATH 0122 or MATH 0200. Mathematics majors who need to begin the study of calculus with MATH 0121 may arrange with their advisors to use this course as one of the required electives. Credits for MATH 0121 and 0122 may be earned through the College Board AP exams or international exams such as the A-Levels or IB. At the discretion of the chair, additional courses may be waived in recognition of exceptional secondary school preparation. However, in all cases the major must include at least 7 Middlebury College or approved transfer courses, and the minor must include at least 4. Students who have earned grades on advanced placement calculus exams that are eligible for credit may not register for the equivalent course at Middlebury College. Thus students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus AB exam or a 3 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121, students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121 or MATH 0122, and students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Statistics exam may not register for MATH 0116. This policy applies irrespective of whether students choose to use their AP credits toward meeting Middlebury's graduation requirements. The following international credentials carry the same credit as a 4 or 5 on the Calculus BC Exam: A-level exam with a mathematics grade of A, B, or C; or IB Higher Level Mathematics with a grade of 6 or 7.
     Other Credits: Because of the wide variation in course offerings at other institutions, students wishing to substitute a course from another college for any course in mathematics must seek approval from the department before registering for the course. In addition, students seeking MATH 0121 credit for a summer course taken elsewhere must pass a written examination given by the department in the fall. Check with the department early in the first week of classes for details.

MATH 0100 A World of Mathematics (Fall 2013)
How long will oil last? What is the fairest voting system? How can we harvest food and other resources sustainably? To explore such real-world questions we will study a variety of mathematical ideas and methods, including modeling, logical analysis, discrete dynamical systems, and elementary statistics. This is an alternative first mathematics course for students not pursuing the calculus sequence in their first semester. The only prerequisite is an interest in exploring contemporary issues using the mathematics that lies within those issues. (This course is not open to students who have had a prior course in calculus or statistics.) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (J. Albert)

MATH/EDST 0109 Mathematics for Teachers (Spring 2014)
What mathematical knowledge should elementary and secondary teachers have in the 21st century? Participants in this course will strengthen and deepen their own mathematical understanding in a student-centered workshop setting. We will investigate the number system, operations, algebraic thinking, measurement, data, and functions, and consider the attributes of quantitative literacy. We will also study recent research that describes specialized mathematical content knowledge for teaching. (Not open to students who have taken MATH/EDST 1005. Students looking for a course in elementary school teaching methods should consider EDST 0315 instead.)  DED (P. Bremser)

MATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science (Fall 2013)
A practical introduction to statistical methods and the examination of data sets. Computer software will play a central role in analyzing a variety of real data sets from the natural and social sciences. Topics include descriptive statistics, elementary distributions for data, hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, correlation, regression, contingency tables, and analysis of variance. The course has no formal mathematics prerequisite, and is especially suited to students in the physical, social, environmental, and life sciences who seek an applied orientation to data analysis. (Credit is not given for MATH 0116 if the student has taken ECON 0210 or PSYC 0201 previously or concurrently.) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. computer lab. DED (W. Peterson)

MATH 0121 Calculus I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Introductory analytic geometry and calculus. Topics include limits, continuity, differential calculus of algebraic and trigonometric functions with applications to curve sketching, optimization problems and related rates, the indefinite and definite integral, area under a curve, and the fundamental theorem of calculus. Inverse functions and the logarithmic and exponential functions are also introduced along with applications to exponential growth and decay. 4 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: F. Swenton, E. Proctor; Spring 2014: W. Peterson, F. Swenton)

MATH 0122 Calculus II (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A continuation of MATH 0121, may be elected by first-year students who have had an introduction to analytic geometry and calculus in secondary school. Topics include a brief review of natural logarithm and exponential functions, calculus of the elementary transcendental functions, techniques of integration, improper integrals, applications of integrals including problems of finding volumes, infinite series and Taylor's theorem, polar coordinates, ordinary differential equations. (MATH 0121 or by waiver) 4 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: S. Abbott, J. Schmitt, P. Schumer)

MATH 0200 Linear Algebra (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Matrices and systems of linear equations, the Euclidean space of three dimensions and other real vector spaces, independence and dimensions, scalar products and orthogonality, linear transformations and matrix representations, eigenvalues and similarity, determinants, the inverse of a matrix and Cramer's rule. (MATH 0122 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: J. Emerson, D. Dorman; Spring 2014: M. Olinick, J. Schmitt)

MATH 0217 Elements of Mathematical Biology and Ecology (Fall 2013)
Mathematical modeling has become an essential tool in biology and ecology. In this course we will investigate several fundamental biological and ecological models. We will learn how to analyze existing models and how to construct new models. We will develop ecological and evolutionary models that describe how biological systems change over time. Models for population growth, predator-prey interactions, competing species, the spread of infectious disease, and molecular evolution will be studied. Students will be introduced to differential and difference equations, multivariable calculus, and linear and non-linear dynamical systems. (MATH 0122 or by waiver) DED (D. Dorman)

MATH 0223 Multivariable Calculus (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The calculus of functions of more than one variable. Introductory vector analysis, analytic geometry of three dimensions, partial differentiation, multiple integration, line integrals, elementary vector field theory, and applications. (MATH 0122 or MATH 0200 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: J. Schmitt; Spring 2014: E. Proctor)

MATH 0225 Topics in Linear Algebra and Differential Equations (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Topics may include diagonalization of matrices, quadratic forms, inner product spaces, canonical forms, the spectral theorem, positive matrices, the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, ordinary differential equations of arbitrary order, systems of first-order differential equations, power series, and eigenvalue methods of solution, applications. (MATH 0200 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: M. Olinick; Spring 2014: Staff)

MATH 0247 Graph Theory (Spring 2014)
A graph (or network) is a useful mathematical model when studying a set of discrete objects and the relationships among them. We often represent an object with a vertex (node) and a relation between a pair with an edge (line). With the graph in hand, we then ask questions, such as: Is it connected? Can one traverse each edge precisely once and return to a starting vertex? For a fixed k/, is it possible to “color” the vertices using /k colors so that no two vertices that share an edge receive the same color? More formally, we study the following topics: trees, distance, degree sequences, matchings, connectivity, coloring, and planarity. Proof writing is emphasized. (MATH 0122 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (J. Schmitt)

MATH 0261 History of Mathematics (Spring 2014)
This course studies the history of mathematics chronologically beginning with its ancient origins in Babylonian arithmetic and Egyptian geometry. The works of Euclid, Apollonius, and Archimedes and the development of ancient Greek deductive mathematics is covered. The mathematics from China, India, and the Arab world is analyzed and compared. Special emphasis is given to the role of mathematics in the growth and development of science, especially astronomy. European mathematics from the Renaissance through the 19th Century is studied in detail including the development of analytic geometry, calculus, probability, number theory, and modern algebra and analysis. (MATH 0122 or waiver) CMP, DED (P. Schumer)

MATH 0302 Abstract Algebra (Fall 2013)
Groups, subgroups, Lagrange's theorem, homomorphisms, normal subgroups and quotient groups, rings and ideals, integral domains and fields, the field of quotients of a domain, the ring of polynomials over a domain, Euclidean domains, principal ideal domains, unique factorization, factorization in a polynomial ring. (MATH 0200 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (P. Schumer)

MATH 0310 Probability (Spring 2014)
An introduction to the concepts of probability and their applications, covering both discrete and continuous random variables. Probability spaces, elementary combinatorial analysis, densities and distributions, conditional probabilities, independence, expectation, variance, weak law of large numbers, central limit theorem, and numerous applications. (concurrent or prior MATH 0223 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (W. Peterson)

MATH 0311 Statistics (Fall 2013)
An introduction to the mathematical methods and applications of statistical inference. Topics will include: survey sampling, parametric and nonparametric problems, estimation, efficiency and the Neyman-Pearsons lemma. Classical tests within the normal theory such as F-test, t-test, and chi-square test will also be considered. Methods of linear least squares are used for the study of analysis of variance and regression. There will be some emphasis on applications to other disciplines. (MATH 0310) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (J. Emerson)

MATH 0318 Operations Research (Fall 2013)
Operations research is the utilization of quantitative methods as an aid to managerial decisions. In the course, several of these methods will be introduced and studied in both a mathematical context and a physical context. Topics included will be selected from the following: classification of problems and the formulation of models, linear programming, network optimization, transportation problems, assignment problems, integer programming, nonlinear programming, inventory theory, and game theory. (MATH 0200 or by waiver) DED (M. Olinick)

MATH 0323 Real Analysis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
An axiomatic treatment of the topology of the real line, real analysis, and calculus. Topics include neighborhoods, compactness, limits, continuity, differentiation, Riemann integration, and uniform convergence. (MATH 0223) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (Fall 2013: E. Proctor; Spring 2014: S. Abbott)

MATH 0402 Topics in Algebra (Spring 2014)
A further study of topics from MATH 0302. These may include field theory, algebraic extension fields, Galois theory, solvability of polynomial equations by radicals, finite fields, elementary algebraic number theory, solution of the classic geometric construction problems, or the classical groups. (MATH 0302 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (E. Proctor)

MATH 0432 Elementary Topology (Spring 2014)
An introduction to the concepts of topology. Theory of sets, general topological spaces, topology of the real line, continuous functions and homomorphisms, compactness, connectedness, metric spaces, selected topics from the topology of Euclidean spaces including the Jordan curve theorem. (MATH 0122 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. DED (M. Olinick)

MATH 0500 Advanced Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Individual study for qualified students in more advanced topics in algebra, number theory, real or complex analysis, topology. Particularly suited for those who enter with advanced standing. (Approval required) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Staff)

MATH 0704 Senior Seminar (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Each student will explore in depth a topic in pure or applied mathematics, under one-on-one supervision by a faculty advisor. The course culminates with a major written paper and presentation. This experience emphasizes independent study, library research, expository writing, and oral presentation. The goal is to demonstrate the ability to internalize and organize a substantial piece of mathematics. Class meetings include attendance at a series of lectures designed to introduce and integrate ideas of mathematics not covered in the previous three years. Registration is by permission: Each student must have identified a topic, an advisor, and at least one principal reference source. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Staff)

Molecular Biology & Biochemistry
Required for the Major: Requirements for the major in molecular biology and biochemistry provide an integrated approach to examining life at the macromolecular and cellular levels. The major is composed of 15 required courses that include background courses, advanced courses, and two electives. Required background courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology establish a foundation in science necessary for advanced study. Advanced Upper-level courses in the core areas of molecular biology and biological chemistry build on this science foundation, teaching students to approach the study of life broadly using a multidisciplinary approach. Elective courses offer opportunities to explore a wide variety of specific topics and may include independent research.
     Optional Cognate Courses: Note: students may be able to bypass introductory courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, or physics on the basis of AP credit or proficiency exams. Those who bypass CHEM 0103 may begin with CHEM 0104 (fall or spring) or CHEM 0107 (fall only). Those students interested in the health professions or graduate study may wish to take a full two semesters of calculus and physics in order to meet professional school entrance requirements. Students considering taking summer courses, or courses abroad, which will be transferred for credit in the major, must get approval in advance from the program director. Students should consult with their adviser for assistance with transfer credit and optional cognate courses.
Required Background courses:
MATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science or BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Data Analysis
MATH 0121 Calculus I
PHYS 0109 Newtonian Physics
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution
BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics
CHEM 0103 or CHEM 0107 General Chemistry I
CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107 General Chemistry II or Adv. General Chemistry
CHEM 0241 Organic Chemistry I
CHEM 0242 Organic Chemistry II

Advanced Courses:
BIOL 0310 or BIOL 0305 Microbiology or Developmental Biology
BIOL 0314 Molecular Genetics
CHEM 0322 Biochemistry of Macromolecules
MBBC 0324 Bioinformatics and Genomics (Not offered 2013-2014) or CHEM 0355 Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Two electives out of the following:
BIOL 0225 Human Genetics
BIOL 0280 Immunology
BIOL 0305 Developmental Biology*
BIOL 0310 Microbiology*
BIOL 0330 Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis
BIOL 0331 The Genetics of Cancer
BIOL 0450 Topics in Reproductive Medicine
CHEM 0301 Medicinal Chemistry
CHEM 0355 Thermodynamics and Kinetics*
CHEM 0425 Biochemistry of Metabolism
CHEM 0430 Current Topics in Biochemistry
MBBC 0324 Structural Bioinformatics and Geonomics*
BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 Independent Studies in Biology
CHEM 0400 or CHEM 0500 Independent Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry
MBBC 0700 Senior Research
MBBC 0701 Senior Thesis

     Winter term courses in selected topics (e.g., Streptococcal Genetics, Key Issues in Genetic Engineering, Molecular Endocrinology, The Genetics of Cancer) as determined by the program may count for elective credit.
     * When not taken as a requirement these courses may be used as an elective.
     There is no minor in molecular biology and biochemistry.
     The recommended progression through the required courses of the MBBC major is shown below. While there can be some deviation to this schedule, it is highly recommended that the students complete their introductory chemistry requirements (CHEM0103 and CHEM 0104 or, with advanced placement, CHEM 0107/CHEM 0104) by the end of the first year and their introductory biology requirements (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) by the end of their third semester. The decision to start the introductory biology sequence in the first semester along with introductory chemistry and calculus should be made with consultation with the students FYSE advisor and/or the MBBC Chairperson. All mathematics, physics, introductory chemistry and biology, and organic chemistry courses should be completed by the end of the second year. A college writing (CW) course should be completed by the end of the third year. BIOL 0331, BIOL 0310, or BIOL 0305 are appropriate courses which have sections that fulfill the CW requirement.

First Year Fall

CHEM 0103 General Chemistry I OR (if satisfied)
CHEM 0104 General Chemistry II OR (if satisfied)
CHEM 0107 Advanced General Chemistry
MATH 0121 Calculus I
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics

First Year Spring
CHEM 104 General Chemistry II (if not taken previously)
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics

Second Year Fall
CHEM 0241 Organic Chemistry I
PHYS 0109 Newtonian Physics
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics (if not taken previously)

Second Year Winter Term
BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Data Analysis (or MATH 0116 in Spring)

Second Year Spring
CHEM 0242 Organic Chemistry II
MATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science (or BIOL 0211 in Winter Term)

Third Year Fall
CHEM 0322 Biochemistry of Macromolecules
BIOL 0310 Microbiology OR BIOL 0305 Developmental Biology

Third Year Spring
BIOL 0314 Molecular Genetics
CHEM 0355 Thermodynamics and Kinetics OR MBBC 0324 Structural Bioinformatics and Geonomics

Fourth Year
Senior Thesis Research and/or Electives

Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research: Research is an essential component of a well-rounded academic pursuit; it contributes to the development of independence and creativity, as well as to the depth of knowledge needed to become an active contributor to the scientific community. All majors are encouraged to undertake independent research with an MBBC faculty mentor. Any major is eligible to perform an independent study research project (BIOL 0500, CHEM 0500, or MBBC 0700) with the consent of a mentor.
     Requirements for Honors: Senior thesis research may be initiated by any junior with the consent of a mentor. Students considering senior thesis research are urged to begin conversations with faculty early in their junior year (certainly by winter term) because many thesis projects begin during the summer preceding the senior year. Those eligible for high honors or honors in molecular biology and biochemistry will: (1) complete at least two semesters of research, which may include winter term; (2) enroll in MBBC 0701 for their final semester of research; (3) graduate with a minimum GPA of 3.3 for all courses counting towards the major; (4) present a public seminar describing the significance, methodology, results, and conclusions of their research; (5) successfully defend their thesis before a committee of three faculty, two of whom must be affiliated with the MBBC program; and (6) earn a grade of at least B+ for MBBC 0700, as determined by the members of the MBBC program, with the grade based on their research performance, their written thesis, their thesis presentation and their thesis defense.

MBBC 0700 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Seniors conducting independent study in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry should register for MBBC 0700 unless they are completing a thesis project in which case they should register for MBBC 0701. (Approval required). (Staff)

MBBC 0701 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students conducting independent thesis research in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry must register for MBBC 0701 while completing research projects initiated in BIOL 0500, MBBC 0700, or CHEM 0400. Students will organize and lead regular discussions of their research and research methods, and attend weekly meetings with their designated laboratory group to foster understanding of their special area, and practice the stylistic and technical aspects of scientific writing needed to write their thesis. (CHEM 0400 or BIOL 0500 or MBBC 0700) (Approval required). (Staff)

Music
Required for the Major: Majors are required to take MUSC 0209, MUSC 0220-0221, MUSC 0234, MUSC 0260-0261; a performance elective such as MUSC 0240, 0241,  0243, 0244, or 0500; two 0200-level or above elective music courses; and MUSC 0400, senior seminar.
     Piano proficiency: All music majors will be required to demonstrate basic piano proficiency in the semester when the major is declared. Otherwise they should take a semester of piano lessons geared to theory skills, arranged through the music office. Musicianship: All music majors will be required to demonstrate basic sight singing proficiency in the semester when the major is declared. If needed, students should take Musicianship (MUSC 0259). If possible, Musicianship should be taken before or during the semester in which Theory II (MUSC 0260) is offered. MUSC 0704 does not count as a course toward fulfillment of the music major.
     In addition to the curricular requirements, majors are required to participate for three semesters in at least one departmentally approved ensemble. Those approved ensembles are Middlebury College Orchestra, Middlebury College Choir, Middlebury College/Community Choir, the Middlebury College Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble, African Music and Dance Ensemble, the Middlebury College Men's and Women's Glee Club Choirs, and the Spiritual Choir.
     Required for the Joint Major: A minimum of eight courses at the 0200-level or above, which must include MUSC 0260-0261, MUSC 0220-0221, MUSC 0234, plus MUSC 0400 (Music Senior Seminar) and/or completion of senior work.
In addition to the curricular requirements, joint majors must participate for three semesters in at least one departmentally approved ensemble. Please see above for approved ensembles.
     Required for the Minor: Students who pursue the minor in music are required to complete five music courses, two of which may be general introductory courses (0100-level). The three other courses would all be at an upper level (0200-0400- level).
     Music Theory Placement Exam: It is possible for students to test into Music I (MUSC 0209) and Music Theory II (MUSC 0260) by taking a placement exam rather than taking Theory I (MUSC 0160).
     The placement exam is available at the following times: Incoming students: Take the placement exam during the scheduled time before classes begin. No other time is available for placement exams for new students.
     Current students: Note: November 1 andApril 1 deadlines for requesting placement exam for the next semester classes. Send an e-mail indicating your interest in taking the placement exam to Music Department Chair Greg Vitercik (vitercik@middlebury.edu). A time will then be arranged to administer the placement exam, before registration if possible.
     Departmental Honors: Departmental honors in music reflect a student's overall achievement in and contribution to the department as well as excellence in an independent senior work project (MUSC 0704). To be eligible for independent senior work, a grade average of at least B+ in all music courses is required. Eligible students may propose a senior work project (MUSC 0704) of one or two semesters in length; proposals must be submitted by April 1 of the junior year. A grade of B+ in senior work and B+ in departmental courses will be eligible for honors; A- in senior work and A- in departmental courses will be eligible for high honors; A in senior work and A in departmental courses will be eligible for highest honors.
     Applied Music: Private instruction in musical instruments and voice is available through the department. Registration for these lessons takes place the first week of each term in the main lobby of the Center for the Arts. Contact the department at extension 5221 for further information. Contracts must be signed after the first lesson and are binding. The fee is to be paid to the cashier's office upon receipt of a bill at the mid-point of each term. No rebate is allowed for lessons missed except in the case of injury or continued illness. There are ten 45-minute applied music lessons per semester (four during winter term). Members of the Middlebury College Orchestra, Middlebury College Choir, Middlebury College/Community Choir, Middlebury College Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble, and African Music and Dance Ensemble are entitled to half-price lessons for the instruments they play in the ensemble (or voice for choirs). The applied fee is waived for students who are music majors, music joint majors, or are enrolled in performance-related MUSC 0500 or MUSC 0704 projects. Music majors may receive a maximum of two complimentary series of private lessons each semester. Academic credit is not given for applied lessons.
     Private instruction: piano: D. Fanning, C. Huard, N. Paden, D. Robson; harpsichord: C. Huard; jazz piano and jazz voice: R. Forman; cello: D. Davydov; violin: K. Winterstein; viola: P. Reynolds; double bass: G. Ingalls; flute: A. Janson; clarinet: Steven Klimowski; bassoon: R. Elliott; oboe: D. Frostman; trombone: B. Irwin; french horn: M. Fritze; trumpet: G. Ingalls; acoustic and electric guitar: P. Asbell, D. Huckett; classical guitar: E. Despard; voice: C. Christensen, S. Peck, B. Thompson, drums: R. Lawton; harmonica: M. Lavoie; traditional fiddle and banjo: P. Sutherland; bagpipes and celtic whistle: T. Cummings; carillon: G. Matthew; organ: E. Fanning.
     The department will assist the student in securing instrumental instruction not provided by the staff. In some cases, however, it may not be possible to find a qualified instructor.

Ensembles
Middlebury College Orchestra: The orchestra performs approximately four times a year in programs featuring music from all periods. Instrumentalists may arrange for an audition through the music department. Subsidized instrumental lessons with applied faculty members are available; see "Applied Music" above. See course listing for MUSC 0205. (A. Massey)
     Middlebury College Choir: The College Choir performs concerts each fall and spring, participates in Baccalaureate and other College functions, and tours or engages in other projects annually. Audition required, with attention to sight-reading, listening skills and vocal production. Intent to participate full year/multiple semesters strongly encouraged. Open to all students without prerequisite. Subsidized voice lessons with applied faculty members are available; see "Applied Music" above. See course listing of MUSC 0205. (J. Buettner)
     College Community Chorus: The Chorus performs concerts each fall and spring, usually including a major choral work for chorus and organ or orchestra. Open to all without audition; rehearsals focus on developing choral musicianship. Subsidized voice lessons with applied faculty members are available; see "Applied Music" above. See course listing of MUSC 0205. (J. Rehbach)
          Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble: Using traditional big-band instrumentation, the Jazz Ensemble plays the best of contemporary jazz arrangements as well as classic charts from the 75 years of swing and jazz band history. The Ensemble also features student compositions and arrangements when available. An active performance schedule is typical. Subsidized lessons with applied faculty members are available; see "Applied Music" above. See course listing of MUSC 0205 (D. Forman)
     African Music and Dance Ensemble: The African Music and Dance Ensemble is the core of the African Music and Dance Performance course (MUSC0244), for which enrolled students earn one (1) credit. The Ensemble gives students [with or without a musical background] a rich, hands-on experience with numerous East African (Ugandan) music and dance cultures through regular rehearsals and fall/spring end-of-semester concerts. See course listing of MUSC 0244 (D. Kafumbe)
          Other Chamber Ensembles: String quartets, woodwind and brass ensembles can be formed and coached for interested students. Independent projects (MUSC 0500) can be arranged for these groups.

MUSC 0101 Introduction to Western Music (Spring 2014)
This course is designed to introduce students to the music created by the men and women of Western civilization. The styles and genres of art music from the Middle Ages to the present will be a focus for the course. The relationship of music to society, historical context, and the other arts will also be examined. Music reading skills are not required. 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, EUR (G. Vitercik)

MUSC 0160 Music Theory I: Fundamentals (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to the basic elements and theoretical concepts of Western music. We will focus on such topics as basic keyboard skills, sight singing, musical notation, rhythm, and harmony. Theoretical work and drills will be combined with compositional and performance projects. The goal of the course is to expand students’ musical intuition and skill and to provide the technical basis for further music study. No prior musical experience is required. (Students who wish to take upper-level composition or music theory courses must either complete this course or pass a theory and musicianship test administered by the department to demonstrate equivalent experience.) (Formerly MUSC 0109). 2 hrs. lect./1 hr. lab. ART (Staff)

MUSC 0205 Performance Lab (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Credit can be conferred for performance in faculty-supervised ensembles: Middlebury College Orchestra, Middlebury College Choir, Middlebury College/Community Choir  and the Middlebury College Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble (see "Ensembles" above), one unit of such credit to accrue over two semesters (spring and fall only). The appropriate supervising faculty will give grades, based on attendance and quality of performance. A student should inform the ensemble director of intent to sign up for this course before starting, and should actually register for MUSC 0205 only the SECOND of the two terms by adding it as a fifth course. MUSC 0205 does not fulfill any major course requirements and may not be taken more than once. (Approval required) ART (Fall 2013: A. Massey, J. Buettner, J. Rehbach, R. Forman; Spring 2014: Staff)

MUSC 0209 Music I (Fall 2013)
Music I focuses on the materials and grammar of music through compositional exercises. As part of these explorations, we will examine the elements of harmony (scales, triads and seventh chords), notation, rhythm, polyrhythm, binary and ternary forms, two-voice counterpoint, variation, transposition, as well as skills in conducting, analysis, ear-training, and sight-singing. Students will write short pieces for a variety of instruments and ensembles, notate their pieces, and rehearse and perform them, thereby learning about music through discovery and observation. The assignments are designed for students with or without compositional experience. (Ability to play an instrument or sing; MUSC 0109 or 0160, or passing score on the MUSC 0160 placement exam) 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. lab. ART (Staff)

MUSC 0220 Music History I: Music to 1800 (Fall 2013)
In this course we will survey Western art music from the earliest notated Medieval music through the Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical periods. Beginning with Gregorian chant and troubadour song, we will explore Renaissance vocal polyphony, the development of opera and instrumental music in the 17th century, the late Baroque music of Bach and Handel, and the Viennese classicism of Haydn and Mozart. Analysis of the music is supplemented by consideration of the ways in which music relates to the other arts and reflects the history and culture of its time. (Assumes ability to read music.) 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (G. Vitercik

MUSC 0221 Music History II: Music Since 1800 (Spring 2014)
This course is a survey of the principle genres and forms of Western art music from Beethoven to the present day. The approach of the course is historical, analytical, and cultural; we will try to understand the music both as music and as it reflects its times and the concerns of composers and their audience. (Assumes ability to read music.) 3 hrs. lect. ART, EUR, HIS (L. Hamberlin)

MUSC 0230 Topics in Music History: Modernism (Spring 2014)
Everything is new when it is first made, but newness as such and the challenges it presented to artists and audiences alike became a central criterion for the evaluation of works of art near the end of the 19th century. In this course we will explore the styles and technical methods of musical modernism from Debussy’s Faune to Boulez’s Marteau sans maître. We will also trace the artistic, social, political, historical, and philosophical forces that shaped musical modernism in the first half of the 20th century. Ability to read music is expected. (MUSC 0220 or 0221 or by approval) 3 hrs. lect. (G. Vitercik)

MUSC 0231 Everything a cappella! Unaccompanied Vocal Music, Medieval to Modern (Fall 2013)
Vocal ensembles have been singing about the important things in life for several centuries. In this course students will explore unaccompanied vocal music of different times, places, and cultures. Students will both analyze and create a cappella music to develop understanding of its inspiration, function, and performance. Repertoire for study includes European art music traditions, African and American "folk" styles and transmission, and popular a cappella of the 20th and 21st centuries. Student group projects will be modeled on various styles of a cappella. (Music reading ability is helpful but not required.) (Not open to students who have taken MUSC 0131) 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, CMP (J. Buettner)

MUSC 0232 Music in the United States (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine folk, classical, and popular music in the United States from the 18th century to the present. We will use historical and analytical approaches to gain insight into the music, the musicians, and the social and cultural forces that have shaped them. Students will explore music’s relation to historical events, other artistic movements, technological changes, and questions of national identity and ethnicity. Topics may include music in the British colonies, minstrelsy, American opera and orchestras, the rise of the popular music industry, and the experimentalist composers of the 20th century. (Assumes ability to read music.) 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, CW (10 spaces), NOR (L. Hamberlin)

MUSC 0234 Music in World Cultures (Spring 2014)
 In this course we will develop skills for analyzing music and appreciating its social, economic, and political importance within societies other than their own. We will explore world musical styles through readings, lectures, discussions, film screenings, listening sessions, workshops, concerts, and hands-on activities. Assuming a strong background in music, this course will be open to music majors and others by approval. AAL, ART (D. Kafumbe)

MUSC 0236 African Soundscapes (Fall 2013)
 This course will introduce students to musical cultures and practices from the African continent with a focus on particular regional styles. Through readings, lectures, discussions, film screenings, listening sessions, concerts, and hands-on activities, we will develop skills for analyzing and appreciating the diversity of African musical practices and their social, economic, and political value in traditional and contemporary contexts. Some background in music may be necessary. AAL, ART (D. Kafumbe)

MUSC 0240 Performing Chamber Music (Spring 2014)
In this course for intermediate to advanced performers we will explore the art of collaborative music making in the classical tradition. Students will form small vocal and instrumental ensembles (2–6 players) at the beginning of the semester or may enroll in the course as an established ensemble. Repertoire will be determined in collaboration with instructor. Weekly coaching sessions for each group and master classes for all groups will culminate in at least one end-of-semester performance and writing assignment. In addition to technical performance issues, master classes and readings will consider group dynamics, rehearsal techniques, and interpersonal aspects of musical collaboration. Although previous chamber music experience is not required, students should be experienced performers of notation-based music. 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART (Staff)

MUSC 0243 Conducting (Spring 2014)
In this course students will develop basic skills of conducting including movement, aural skills, creative gesture, and score study. Daily work will include preparation to conduct an ensemble of classmates. (MUSC 0160 or by approval of instructor. Score-reading ability is required.) ART (Staff)

MUSC/DANC 0244 African Music and Dance Performance (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will introduce students to various techniques of performing East African (primarily Ugandan) musical and dance traditions through regular rehearsals, culminating in an end-of-semester concert. As an ensemble, we will learn and master how to play and sing/dance to bow-harps, thumb-pianos, xylophones, tube-fiddles, bowl-lyres, gourd shakers, reed-box rattles, ankle bells, and various types of drums. Prior knowledge of performing African music and dance is not required. AAL, ART (D. Kafumbe)

MUSC 0260 Music Theory II: Diatonic Theory (Fall 2013)
This course is an in-depth technical study of the materials of music, a study which expands one’s ability to analyze and create music and to understand different musical styles. We will cover harmonic materials, introduce musical form, and work with traditional compositional skills. These techniques are applied to the analysis of classical music, jazz and popular music. (MUSC 0160 or passing score on the MUSC 0160 placement exam.) 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART (Staff)

MUSC 0261 Music Theory III: Chromatic Theory (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of MUSC 0260. Students study more advanced harmonic devices including modulation and chromaticism, jazz harmony and post-tonal techniques. In-depth analysis of classical music, jazz, and popular music supports a more advanced study of musical form. (MUSC 0260) 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART (Staff)

MUSC 0400 Senior Seminar (Fall 2013)
In this course for senior music majors we will offer an in-depth study of music, integrating the perspectives of the performer, composer, and scholar. Students will apply skills developed in the core theory, history, and ethnomusicology courses, as well as keyboard and compositional skills, to a variety of music topics spanning a broad range of chronological periods, geographic areas, and style and genre classifications. All music majors are required to take this course in the fall of their senior year. 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART (L. Hamberlin)

MUSC 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Admission by approval. Please consult published departmental guidelines and paragraph below. (Staff)

MUSC 0704 Senior Work (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Senior work is not required of all music majors and joint majors. However, students interested in and eligible for departmental honors (see guideline above, in "Departmental Honors" section) may propose one or two-semester Senior Work projects. Projects may be in history, composition, theory, ethnomusicology, performance, or electronic music, and should culminate in a written presentation, a public performance, or a combination of the two. MUSC0704 does not count as a course toward fulfillment of the music major. (Staff)

Project and budget proposals for Independent Study and Senior Work should be submitted by the previous April 1 for fall and winter term projects, and the previous October 15 for spring term projects. Budget proposals will not be considered after those dates. Project proposals will be considered after the deadline but are more likely not to be approved due to previous commitments of faculty advisors or other scheduling reasons.

Neuroscience
Required for the major: The major includes required background courses, upper-level courses, and senior study. Required background courses in biology, psychology, and chemistry, establish a foundation in science necessary for upper-level study. Upper-level core courses in biology, psychology, and philosophy teach students to approach neuroscience broadly from intellectually different directions. Upper-level elective courses offer opportunities to explore a wide variety of specific topics. Senior study requires all majors to integrate their specific training through research or a senior seminar.

Required Background Courses:
BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics
NSCI/BIOL 0216 Animal Behavior (completion recommended before end of sophomore year)
CHEM 0103 Fundamentals of Chemistry 1
PSYC 0105 Introduction to Psychology
PSYC 0201 Psychological Statistics or BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Analysis

Upper-Level Core Courses:
NSCI/BIOL 0370 Animal Physiology
PHIL 0352 Philosophy of the Mind or PHIL 0360 Consciousness or PHIL 0362 Philosophy of Psychology
NSCI/PSYC 0301 Physiological Psychology (complete before end of Junior year)
Three electives to be chosen from (NSCI/BIOL 0225; NSCI/BIOL 0235; NSCI/BIOL 0270; BIOL 0305; NSCI/BIOL 0350; PHIL 0352, PHIL 0360, or PHIL 0362 (at least one must be taken as a required course); NSCI/PSYC 0302; NSCI/PSYC 0305; NSCI/PSYC 0309; NSCI/PSYC 0311).  During winter term and as course offerings change there may be other electives in BIOL, PHIL, or PSYC that are available for NSCI elective credit.

     Senior Study: A Senior Seminar (from NSCI/BIOL 0475, NSCI/BIOL 0480; NSCI/PSYC 0411; NSCI/PSYC 0419; NSCI/PSYC 0430; NSCI/PSYC 0433; NSCI/PSYC 0435; or a PHIL 0400-level senior seminar, if approved in advance) OR independent research (NSCI 0500 or NSCI 0700 and NSCI 0701). During winter term and as course offerings change there may be other seminars in BIOL, PHIL, or PSYC that are available for NSCI seminar credit.
     Note: If students elect to pursue independent research (NSCI 0500 or NSCI 0700 and NSCI 0701), then a 0400-level senior seminar may fulfill one of the three required upper-level electives.
     Students may be exempt from some introductory courses through placement or bypass exams. For more information on placing out of a specific course, contact the chairperson of the relevant department. Seniors can do research with any faculty in the program, or with certain faculty in other departments provided the research project is approved by the neuroscience faculty and the project is related to understanding the nervous system and the mind.

     Optional Cognate Courses:
Note: there are several optional cognates desirable for those considering post-baccalaureate study. For example, those interested in the health professions or graduate study in neuroscience may wish to take some or all of the following courses. Students should consult with their advisor for assistance.

BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution
CHEM 0104 Fundamentals of Chemistry 2
CHEM 0241 Organic Chemistry 1
CHEM 0242 Organic Chemistry 2
CHEM 0322 Biochemistry of Macromolecules
MATH 0121 Calculus 1
MATH 0122 Calculus 2
PHYS 0109 Mechanics
PHYS 0110 Electricity and Magnetism

     Study Abroad: Study abroad can be a valuable experience that is encouraged, though majors must consult with the Office of Off-Campus Study and their advisor about the advisability of specific programs. Because the requirements for the NSCI major are complex, we recommend that students study abroad for a single term rather than an entire year. It is expected that the required courses listed for the major specifically by number (i.e. BIOL 0145, BIOL 0216, PSYC 0105, PSYC 0201 or BIOL 0211, BIOL 0370, PSYC 0301, PHIL 0352, PHIL 0360, or PHIL 0362) would be completed at Middlebury. However, NSCI electives may be taken abroad if they are determined to satisfy program requirements and are approved by the advisor and program director. Students generally receive major credit for a maximum of two courses taken abroad. The NSCI program does not grant major credit for Independent Study projects completed abroad.
     Program Honors: Majors are encouraged to undertake independent research (NSCI 0500, NSCI 0700) with any faculty member in the program (primary or resource). Students considering any senior research should begin conversations with faculty early in their junior year. Those eligible for high honors in neuroscience must (1) complete at least two semesters of thesis-related research (at least one term of NSCI0700 and one term of NSCI 0701); (2) have a minimum GPA of 3.3 in major courses (excluding NSCI 0700/0701); (3) present a public seminar describing the background, methodology, results, and greater significance of their research; (4) submit a written thesis and (5) successfully defend their thesis before a committee comprised of at least two Neuroscience faculty, plus others as needed, who may recommend High Honors after considering these five components of a thesis.

NSCI 0100 Introduction to Neuroscience (Fall 2013)
Neuroscience is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the nervous system. In this course we will investigate basic nervous system structure and function while tracking the history and methodology of neuroscience. We will study examples of neurons, sensation, behavior, memory, thought, language, consciousness, the mind, and disorders of the nervous system. Through lectures, discussions, exercises, electronic sources, and guest lecturers we will examine the working principles of nervous systems, modern neuroscientific methods, and topical issues. We will appreciate why an interdisciplinary approach is best suited for understanding our brain and mind. (Open only to first and second year students) 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. SCI (K. Cronise, T. Root)

NSCI/BIOL 0216 Animal Behavior (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The behavior of animals primarily from an ethological perspective, with respect to genetics, physiology, evolution, and other biological factors. The course follows the history and methods of studying individual and social behaviors like feeding, courtship, mating, parental care, defense, predation, and migration. We examine live animals in the field and lab to illustrate such processes as instinct, learning, and communication. Discussion topics include behaviorism, intelligence, and sociobiology, analytical methods from tracking animals in the field to computerized motion analysis in the lab are utilized, and students design their own research projects. Oral, written, and independent projects are required. (BIOL 0140 or BIOL 0145) 2.5 hrs. lect./1 hr. video screen./3 hrs. lab SCI (Fall 2013: M. Spritzer, Spring 2014:  T. Root)

NSCI/PSYC 0301 Physiological Psychology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course concerns the biological basis of human behavior. The course will consider the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological bases of processes such as language, sensation, emotion, aggression, sleep, learning, and memory. In the laboratory the student will conduct experiments using standard (surgical, anatomical, biochemical, behavioral) techniques to investigate central nervous system function. (PSYC 0105 or any biology course; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. SCI (Fall 2013: M. Stefani; Spring 2014: K. Cronise, C. Parker)

NSCI/PSYC 0302 Conditioning and Learning (Fall 2013)
This course introduces students to a wide range of scientific theories regarding  how animals, including humans, learn about events in the environment and shape their behaviors in response. Students will learn the principles of classical and instrumental conditioning, motivation, cognition, and problem-solving; become familiar with the research supporting these theories; and discuss practical applications to education, psychological disorders, and behavioral therapies. (PSYC 0105; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect. SCI (M. Stefani)

NSCI/PSYC 0305 Cognitive Psychology (Spring 2014)
Questions about the nature of the mind, thinking, and knowledge have a long and rich history in the field of psychology. This course will examine the theoretical perspectives and empirically documented phenomena that inform our current understanding of cognition. Lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and experiments will form the basis for our explorations of cognition in this class. Topics to be considered include attention, perception, memory, knowledge, problem solving, and decision making. (PSYC 0105; PSYC 0201 previously or concurrently; PSYC 0202 recommended; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./1.5 hrs. lab. SCI (J. Arndt)

NSCI/BIOL 0370 Animal Physiology (Fall 2013)
This course examines the body functions of animals and humans using general physiological principles and a comparative approach. Lectures will cover the function of each of the major physiological systems (nervous, endocrine, muscular, etc.) and will describe how animal physiology has been shaped by evolution to allow animals to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. Lectures will focus mainly on physiological processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Occasional journal article discussions will provide case studies of current topics in animal physiology. Laboratory exercises, reports and oral presentations emphasize experimental design, analysis and independent study using various methodological approaches including electrophysiology, neurotransmitter manipulations, nutritional analysis, and exercise physiology. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 or BIOL 0216). 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. SCI (G. Ernstrom)

NSCI/BIOL 0420 Neurogenetics (Fall 2013)
Genetics is the study of how biological information encoded in our genes is transmitted between generations, how the information is preserved, how it mutates, and how it is translated; that is to say heredity. Neurobiology is the study of how neurons work, individually and within a network of other neurons. Advances in genetics have revolutionized our approach to studying biology at all levels of organization, and advances in neurobiology have opened the way to understanding the last frontier of human physiology: the brain. In this course we will examine how a genetics perspective can aid our understanding of complex neural systems. While we will encounter several cell biological approaches to studying neurons, the focus will be on genetic questions and methodologies of how neurons work to produce sensation and behavior. (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) 3 hrs. lect./disc. SCI  (G. Ernstrom)

NSCI/PSYC 0433 Neurobiology of Memory and Cognition (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the neurobiological mechanisms that allow animals, humans included, to store, process and recall information used to guide behavior. We will discuss topics that include cellular and chemical mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, network theories of brain function, cognitive enhancement, and the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Through reading and discussion of review articles and the primary scientific literature, students will gain an in-depth understanding of how neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology translate into behavior and complex cognitive abilities. (PSYC 0301 or by waiver; open to junior and senior psychology and neuroscience majors only) 3 hrs. sem. (M. Stefani)

NSCI/BIOL 0475 Neuroplasticity (Spring 2014)
In order for the brain to encode, process, and retain new information, it must constantly change. Neuroplasticity refers to this capacity of the central nervous system to modify its organization in response to endogenous or environmental stimuli. In this course we will discuss the molecular and cellular basis of multiple forms of neuroplasticity within the adult brain (e.g., LTP, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis) and examine how neuroplasticity contributes to learning and memory, neural regeneration following injury, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression). (BIOL 0216 or BIOL 0370 or PSYC 301) 3 hrs. sem. SCI (M. Spritzer)

NSCI 0500 Independent Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students enrolled in NSCI 0500 complete individual research projects involving laboratory or extensive library study on a topic chosen by the student and approved in advance by a NSCI faculty advisor. This course is not open to seniors; seniors should enroll in NSCI 0700. (Approval required) (Staff)

NSCI 0700 Senior Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course is for senior NSCI majors who plan to conduct one or more semesters of independent research, or who plan to complete preparatory work toward a senior thesis, such as researching and writing a thesis proposal as well as, if appropriate, collecting data that will form the basis for a senior thesis. Senior NSCI majors who plan to complete a senior thesis should register initially for NSCI 0700. Additional requirements may include participation in weekly meetings with advisors and/or lab groups and attending neuroscience seminars. (Approval required, open to seniors only) (Staff)

NSCI 0701 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Senior NSCI majors who have completed one or more terms of NSCI 0700, who have a GPA of 3.3 in their major courses, and who plan to complete a senior thesis should register for NSCI 0701 for the final semester of the senior thesis process. Students enrolled in NSCI 0701 write a thesis, give a public presentation of their research, and present an oral defense of the thesis before a committee of at least two Neuroscience faculty members. Faculty may recommend High honors in Neuroscience after considering the quality of these components of a student’s thesis and the student’s GPA in major courses. Additional requirements may include participation in weekly meetings with advisors and/or lab groups and attending neuroscience seminars. (NSCI 0700, Approval required) (Staff)

Philosophy
Required for the Major: Majors must complete no fewer than 10 courses in the department, to include:
1. Logic Requirement: PHIL 0180
2. History Requirement:

a) PHIL 0201 or CLAS/PHIL 0275
b) PHIL 0250

3. Distribution Requirement:

a) one course in Ethics and Social & Political Philosophy (ESP)
b) one course in Epistemology, Language, Metaphysics, Mind and Science (ELMMS)

4. Seminar Requirement: two 0400-level seminars (see below)
5. Electives: three courses
     Additionally, it is highly recommended that students take either PHIL 0150 or PHIL 0151, preferably early in the program. PHIL 0180 must be completed by the end of the sophomore year. For students going abroad in their junior year, the history requirement should be completed prior to departure. Cognate courses may be substituted for no more than two departmental electives, but will not satisfy the departmental distribution requirement; such substitutions require the prior approval of a major's departmental advisor, and must be at the 0200-level or above. No more than one term of thesis work may count towards the 10 course requirement.
     Seminar Requirement: Majors must take two department seminars (0400-level courses on advanced topics in philosophy). Junior majors should take the seminar currently offered in the spring term; seniors should take the seminar currently offered in the fall term. Students who are abroad during the spring of the junior year must take both seminars in their senior year. This requirement will not be waived for students doing departmental honors. These seminars will not normally satisfy the departmental distribution requirement, but may in exceptional cases by permission of the Chair.
     Departmental Honors: Majors with at least a B+ average in philosophy courses may apply to the Chair to become candidates for departmental honors. To apply, a student must find a faculty member willing to supervise the project and then submit a proposal to that faculty member in writing. If (and only if) the proposal is accepted, the student should then register for two successive terms of PHIL 0700 (normally during the winter and spring terms of their senior year). To receive honors, students must complete a two-term project resulting in a thesis or a set of thematically related papers, give an oral defense (according to departmental regulations), and receive for their work a minimum grade of B+. In addition, they must maintain their B+ average in courses in the department.
     Required for the Joint Major: For the philosophy component of a joint major, students must (1) take eight philosophy courses, including (a) PHIL 0180, to be taken by the end of the sophomore year; (b) one 0400-level seminar to be taken in the last three semesters; (c) One course from the history requirement; and (d) one course from the distribution requirement (ESP or ELMMS). Either PHIL 0150 or PHIL 0151 is also highly recommended, and, like PHIL 0180, should be taken early in the program whenever possible. In addition, students must (2) give evidence of having used the training in both major fields, usually in an independent project or thesis, but sometimes in a seminar paper. Joint majors are eligible for department honors, if they do a two-term thesis.
     Required for the Minor: A total of six courses in philosophy, including PHIL 0180 and at least one course at the 0300 or 0400 level. Minors wishing to take a 0400-level seminar must have completed three other philosophy courses first. Enrollment priority in 0400-level seminars will be given to majors. Students electing the philosophy minor should arrange to have an advisor in the philosophy department.

PHIL 0151 Introduction to Philosophy: Mortal Questions (Fall 2013)
This course is an issue-based introduction to core philosophical questions such as the following: What is the nature of reality, and can we ever know it? What is the relation between mind and body, and could computers ever think? What is the nature of the self? Do humans have free will? Is there such a thing as an objective right and wrong? Can we say God exists in the face of all the evil in the world? Readings will be drawn from both traditional philosophers (e.g., Descartes, Hume, Locke, Russell) and contemporary reflections on the issues (e.g., Nagel, Searle, Williams). Cannot be taken by students with credit for PHIL 0150. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. EUR, PHL (J. Spackman)

PHIL 0180 Introduction to Modern Logic (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Logic is concerned with good reasoning; as such, it stands at the core of the liberal arts. In this course we will develop our reasoning skills by identifying and analyzing arguments found in philosophical, legal, and other texts, and also by formulating our own arguments. We will use the formal techniques of modern propositional and predicate logic to codify and test various reasoning strategies and specific arguments. No prior knowledge of logic, formal mathematics, or computer science is presupposed in this course, which does not count towards the PHL distribution requirement but instead towards the deductive reasoning requirement. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. DED (Fall 2013: K. Khalifa; Spring 2014 H. Grasswick))

PHIL 0205 Human Nature and Ethics (Fall 2013)
This course offers a historical introduction to different views of morality and human nature, and the relationship between them. We will cover the central figures of both the ancient and modern periods of philosophy and consider their answers to questions fundamental to our lives and the decisions we make. We will consider the nature of the good life, happiness, and the virtues; whether or not a moral life is in our nature, and whether reason or emotions are the best guides to morality; and the nature of justice, and what role it plays for creatures like us. The philosophers we will study include Aristotle, Hobbes, Butler, Mill, and Kant. 3 hrs. lect. CW, EUR, PHL (L. Besser-Jones)

PHIL 0206 Contemporary Moral Issues (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
We will examine a selection of pressing moral problems of our day, seeking to understand the substance of the issues and learning how moral arguments work. We will focus on developing our analytical skills, which we can then use to present and criticize arguments on difficult moral issues. Selected topics may include world poverty, animal rights, abortion, euthanasia, human rights, just and unjust wars, capital punishment, and racial and gender issues. You will be encouraged to question your own beliefs on these issues, and in the process to explore the limit and extent to which ethical theory can play a role in everyday ethical decision making. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. PHL (Fall 2013: L. Besser-Jones; Spring 2014 S. Viner)

PHIL 0207 The Philosophy of Human Rights (Spring 2014)
What is a human right?  If there are human rights, what moral obligations, if any, follow from them, and who bears those obligations?  In this course, we will investigate the philosophical origins and development of the concept of human rights.  We will critically analyze both historical and contemporary moral perspectives concerning the existence and nature of human rights.  What does it mean to say one possesses a human right?  We will also take a close look at the issue of human rights as they relate to world poverty and humanitarian intervention.  Authors will include Hobbes, Bentham, Rorty, Nickel, and Pogge.  (Not open to students who have taken FYSE 1317). CW, PHL (S. Viner)

PHIL 0209 Philosophy of Law (Fall 2013)
In this course, we shall consider a number of questions concerning law and its institution in human society. What is the origin and authority of law? What is legal obligation? What is the connection between law and coercion, between law and morality, and law and rights? Are laws merely conventions or is there a law of nature? What is the role of law in judicial decisions and the effect of these on the law? We shall also consider and evaluate various theories of law: natural law theories, utilitarian theories, analytical philosophy of law, critical legal studies, feminist theories. 3 hrs. lect. PHL (S. Viner)

PHIL 0214 Science and Society (Fall 2013)
Scientific theories are not developed in a vacuum. Social circumstances influence the practice of science, and science, in turn, influences how we organize ourselves as a society. This course will investigate both directions of the relationship between science and society. We will ask such questions as: how do the values of society drive scientific research? What do we mean when we claim that science is 'objective' and what do we expect of an objective science? Can there be 'good' politically-motivated science, or does this conflict with the norms of 'good' science? How important is science as a way of bettering society? Do scientists bear an extra burden of responsibility when they generate scientific results of particular social significance (such as the development of the atomic bomb, or the development of techniques of cloning)? We will examine particular cases of socially significant scientific research, and we will consider larger philosophical questions concerning the status of science, given its interconnections with society. 3 hrs. lect. PHL, SOC (H. Grasswick)

PHIL 0220 Knowledge and Reality (Spring 2014)
In this course students will be introduced to central issues in epistemology (the philosophical study of knowledge) and metaphysics (the philosophical study of reality). We will examine philosophical answers to some of the following questions: What is knowledge? How do we know what we know? How does knowledge differ from mere opinion? Does reality exist independently of our minds? When is it rational to believe something? What is the nature of time, causality, and possibility? Are our actions freely chosen or determined by natural forces? Do abstract entities-such as numbers and universals-exist? 3 hrs. lect. PHL (K. Khalifa)

PHIL/GSFS 0234 Philosophy and Feminism (Fall 2013)
This course will examine the contributions of various feminists and feminist philosophers to some of the central problems of philosophical methodology, epistemology, philosophy of science, metaphysics, and ethics. Are there gendered assumptions in operation in the way particular philosophical problems are framed? For example, do the politics of gender contribute to accounts of objective knowledge and rationality? Are some philosophical perspectives better suited to the goals of feminism than others? We will also examine the general relationship between feminism and philosophy, and we will reflect on the relevance of theorizing and philosophizing for feminist political practice. CMP, PHL (H. Grasswick)

PHIL/HIST 0237 Chinese Philosophy (Fall 2013)
A survey of the dominant philosophies of China, beginning with the establishment of the earliest intellectual orientations, moving to the emergence of the competing schools of the fifth century B.C., and concluding with the modern adoption and adaptation of Marxist thought. Early native alternatives to Confucian philosophy (such as Mohism, Daoism, and Legalism) and later foreign ones (such as Buddhism and Marxism) will be stressed. We will scrutinize individual thinkers with reference to their philosophical contributions and assess the implications of their ideas with reference to their historical contexts and comparative significance. Pre-1800. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, PHL (D. Wyatt)

PHIL 0250 Early Modern Philosophy (Spring 2014)
This course offers an introduction to some of the most influential European philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries: Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. We will consider and critically examine the responses these thinkers gave to various questions in metaphysics and epistemology, including the following: What is the relationship between reality and our perception of reality? What is the nature of the mind and how is it related to the body? What is the nature of physical reality? Which of our beliefs, if any, do we have good reason to maintain in the face of radical skepticism? 3 hrs. lect. EUR, PHL (L. Besser-Jones)

PHIL/CLAS 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates (Fall 2013)
Why did Socrates “call philosophy down from the heavens, set her in the cities of men and also their homes, and compel her to ask questions about life and morals and things good and evil”? Why was philosophy indifferent to man, then considered dangerous to men when it did pay attention? How was philosophy ultimately transformed by Plato and Aristotle as a consequence of the examination of human knowledge that Socrates made intrinsic to philosophy? In this course we will consider the central questions of ancient Greek philosophy from the pre-Socratics through Plato and Aristotle by focusing on what Nietzsche called "the Problem of Socrates": why Socrates abandoned "pre-Socratic" natural science in order to examine the opinions of his fellow Athenians, and why they put him to death for corruption and impiety. Texts will include selected fragments of the pre-Socratics and sophists, works of Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, and Nietzsche. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, LIT, PHL (M. Witkin)

PHIL/CLAS 0276 Roman Philosophy (Spring 2014)
In this course we will seek to answer the question of what is Roman philosophy - philosophia togata. Is it simply Greek philosophy in Roman dress? Or, while based in its Greek origins, does it grow to have a distinctive and rigorous character of its own, designed and developed to focus on uniquely "Roman" questions and problems, in particular, ethical, social, and political questions? We will investigate how some of the main schools of Hellenistic Greek thought came to be developed in Latin: Epicureanism (Lucretius), Academic Skepticism (Cicero), and Stoicism (Seneca). As we read we will investigate how each school offers different answers to crucial questions such as what is the goal of life? What is the highest good? Should one take part in politics or not? What is the nature of the soul? What is the nature of Nature itself? Is there an afterlife? Can we ever have a certain answer to any of these questions? 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. EUR, PHL (C. Star)

PHIL/HIST 0305 Confucius and Confucianism (Spring 2014)
Perhaps no individual has left his mark more completely and enduringly upon an entire civilization than Confucius (551-479 B.C.) has upon that of China. Moreover, the influence of Confucius has spread well beyond China to become entrenched in the cultural traditions of neighboring Japan and Korea and elsewhere. This course examines who Confucius was, what he originally intended, and how the more important of his disciples have continued to reinterpret his original vision and direct it toward different ends. Pre-1800. (formerly HIST/PHIL 0273) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, PHL (D. Wyatt)

PHIL 0316 Philosophy of Science (Fall 2013)
On a fairly conventional view, science exemplifies humankind's rational inquiry into the true structure of the world. But what exactly is science? In what sense is it rational? Are scientific claims true or merely useful in predicting and controlling our environment? To answer these questions, we will examine scientific activities such as theory construction, explanation, confirmation, and experimentation, and their role in debates concerning the role of rationality and truth in scientific knowledge. (Although this course does not have any specific prerequisites, a background in philosophy or science would be helpful.) 3 hrs. lect. PHL (K. Khalifa)

PHIL 0322 Liberalism and Its Critics (Fall 2013)
Liberal political thought is widely touted and accepted in Western societies. In this course, we will take a close look at what liberalism is by investigating the origins of liberalism in the writings of John Locke and John Stuart Mill and by evaluating the thought of contemporary liberal political philosophers, e.g. John Rawls and Will Kymlicka. We will also analyze the arguments of those like Michael Sandel and Yael Tamir who have criticized liberalism as misguided or incomplete. We seek to gain an understanding of the political and moral principles that give priority to liberty and related values or concepts like toleration, autonomy, and fairness. (One course in philosophy or waiver) 3 hrs. lect. PHL (S. Viner)

PHIL 0352 Philosophy of Mind (Spring 2014)
What is the nature of the mind, and how does it relate to the body and the physical world? Could computers ever think? Do animals have mental and emotional lives? This course will explore several of the major recent philosophical conceptions of the mind. A central focus will be on evaluating various attempts to explain the mind in purely physical terms, including the project of artificial intelligence (AI). Can these theories give us a complete understanding of the mind? Other key questions will include: What is the nature of thought, and how is it capable of representing the world? What is consciousness, and can it be explained physically? 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. PHL (J. Spackman)

PHIL/LNGT 0354 Philosophy of Language (Spring 2014)
Speaking a language is a complex form of behavior that plays a rich and varied role in human life. The philosophy of language seeks to give a philosophical account of this phenomenon, focusing on such questions as: How does language gain meaning? How does it differ from animal communication? Is language in some sense innate? Other topics to be addressed include: theories of reference and truth; the relation between language, thought, and reality; and theories of metaphor. Readings from philosophers and linguists will include works by Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, and Pinker. (Previous course in philosophy or waiver; PHIL 0180 is also strongly recommended) 3 hrs. lect. PHL (J. Spackman)

PHIL 0404 Morality and Its Critics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine critically the three main methods of morality: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue theory. Questions to be considered include: What should be the aim of a moral theory? To what extent should considerations of the good life enter into a moral theory? Is morality even compatible with the good life? Do moral obligations have to play a central role in moral theory? To what extent should morality be compatible with social psychology? Familiarity with consequentialism, deontology, and virtue theory will be helpful, but not required. (Designed for senior majors; open to others by waiver.) 3 hrs. sem. (L. Besser-Jones)

PHIL 0423 Wittgensein's Philosophy (Fall 2013)
In this course, we shall trace the development of the views of one of the 20th century’s most important philosophers, Ludwig Wittgenstein.  We shall begin with the roots of Wittgenstein’s early philosophy in the logical analysis of Frege and Russell.  This early philosophy culminated in the publication of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, a strange and fascinating work.  Wittgenstein’s later philosophy as presented in his Philosophical Investigations will be the main focus of this course; it is a work which has had a decisive influence on much of contemporary philosophy of language and philosophy of mind in the analytical tradition and has significant affinities to the continental tradition (e.g., Heidegger).  We shall consider some contemporary interpreters of Wittgenstein, including Stanley Cavell (Designed for senior majors; open to others by waiver.) 3 hrs. sem. PHL (S. Bates)

PHIL 0425 Concepts of Explanation (Spring 2014)
In a variety of contexts, we use explanations to further our understanding and knowledge of the world; philosophers have used "inference to the best explanation" to offer solutions to various philosophical problems. But what exactly is an explanation? What makes one explanation better than another? Which uses of explanation yield knowledge rather than mere opinion? In this course, we will examine some of the following: different philosophical analyses of explanation, explanatory coherence as a theory of justification, and defenses and critiques of inference to the best explanation. Familiarity with contemporary theories of knowledge (PHIL 0351) and the philosophy of science (PHIL 0316) is helpful, but not necessary. (Designed for senior majors; open to others by waiver.) 3 hrs. sem. PHL (K. Khalifa)

PHIL 0500 Research in Philosophy (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Supervised independent research in philosophy. (Approval required). (Staff)

PHIL 0700 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Physical Education
Physical education is a degree requirement. The physical education program concentrates on lifetime sports, so that all students leave Middlebury College with exposure to sports or recreational activities in which they have developed a degree of skill and interest, which will be an asset to them in later years. Each course carries one unit of physical education credit.
     Before graduation, students must complete two different activities to receive the required two credits. Students are encouraged to complete the credits by the end of their fourth academic semester at Middlebury (excluding winter term). In the case of transfer students, students are encouraged to complete the requirement by the end of their second semester at Middlebury. Students who have not completed their requirement by the second semester of their senior year will not be eligible to graduate.
     Students may use participation on varsity and junior varsity intercollegiate teams as a way of satisfying the physical education requirement. No more than one of the two physical education credits may be earned from participation in a single sport. Two-sport athletes may satisfy both physical education credits through participation on varsity and junior varsity intercollegiate teams.
     The Physical Education Department also recognizes participation in five clubs sports. The five club sports that can receive a physical education credit are rugby, crew, water polo, aikido, and cricket, which have a coach on site for practices and games. In order to receive a physical education credit, students must participate in one full season of crew, rugby, water polo, or cricket. Students in aikido must attend 20 classes per semester. Each of these club sports will equal one physical education credit.
     Students who wish to elect additional courses beyond those required for graduation may register with the department for the appropriate season and be scheduled for classes on a space-available basis. Some of the courses and activities follow:
     Certification Courses (textbook and related fee applicable): Lifeguard Training and First Aid/CPR.
     Fee Classes: alpine skiing, kickboxing, martial arts, massage, meditation, horseback riding, nordic skiing, spinning, and yoga. Various other classes may also be offered. Instructors outside of the College generally teach these courses. The fees and times are available during Banner web registration.
     Equipment Sports (students provide equipment): tennis.
     More Equipment Sports (department provides equipment): archery, badminton, fencing, golf, and squash.
     Conditioning Courses: resistance training, strength training, and swim for conditioning.
     Dance Courses (as available): varying levels of ballet, jazz, and modern dance (DANC 0160, DANC 0161, DANC 0162, DANC 0260, DANC 0261, DANC 0276, DANC 0360, DANC 0361, DANC 0380, DANC 0381).
     The department schedules two seasons of instructional courses in the fall and spring terms and one season in the winter term. Registration is on a first-come, first-served basis and is open to students electing courses on a space-available basis. Students unaware of their physical education record should check with the Registrar's Office to ensure completion of their program prior to graduation. Applications for transfer credit must be made in advance, following college procedure for academic credit transfer. The Registrar's Office processes credits from transcripts for students transferring to Middlebury.
     All requests for medical waivers must come from the student's physician. Injuries and illnesses suffered on campus will be considered as exceptions to the previous statement and will be handled by the College health center.

Season Dates (2013-2014)
     Fall I: September 16 - October 18
     Fall II: October 28 – December 6
     Winter Term: January 6 - January 31
     Spring I: February 10 - March 14
     Spring II: March 31 - May 2

Physics
Physics is the fundamental science; it leads to our most basic understanding of the natural world and of human technological achievements. The physics program at Middlebury is designed to integrate physics into the liberal arts curriculum, as well as to provide challenging courses and research opportunities for students majoring in physics. Courses and student research activities in astronomy are also part of the physics program.
     Course offerings reflect the needs of three categories of students: (1) those majoring in physics; (2) those majoring in another science who need a basic introduction to physics and the analytical skills it provides; and (3) those majoring in areas outside the sciences, who seek to explore the concepts of physics with a minimum of mathematics.
     Courses designed especially for nonscience students are PHYS 0155 (Introduction to the Universe), PHYS 0101 (Physical Reality and Human Thought), PHYS 0104 (Chaos, Complexity, and Self-Organization), and first-year seminars. Students majoring in the sciences, and others who desire a more analytical approach to physics, usually take the two-semester introductory physics sequence PHYS 0109-0110, and the winter term course PHYS 0111. In addition, they may elect more advanced courses at the 0200-level or above.
     Students in premedical and other preprofessional programs requiring two semesters of physics should take PHYS 0109 and PHYS 0110; other 0100-level physics courses are not acceptable. Such students are advised to take the Winter Term course PHYS 0111 also.
     For those majoring in physics, we offer a broad range of courses that emphasize a variety of topics in physics while building both theoretical understanding and experimental skills. Middlebury physics majors apply their education in a wide variety of careers. Some pursue graduate work in physics and related fields; others find their physics degrees valuable in engineering, medicine, business, law, teaching, government service, and other pursuits. The physics program is designed to serve the needs of both those intending advanced study in physics and those for whom formal work in physics will end with the Middlebury degree.
     The physics department encourages its majors to study abroad to gain experience at international research facilities, learn different national styles of scientific practice, improve language proficiency, and pursue academic interests outside of physics. One upper-level physics course taken abroad may be eligible for physics course credit upon approval of the department chair; students are strongly encouraged to obtain this approval before going abroad.
     Physics majors interested in obtaining high school physics teaching certification should notify the education studies program preferably no later than the middle of their sophomore year.
     Required for the Major in Physics: The major program consists of eight required physics courses: PHYS 0109, PHYS 0110, PHYS 0111, PHYS 0201, PHYS 0202, PHYS 0212, PHYS 0301, and PHYS 0321; a minimum of three PHYS electives; and a one-term senior project (PHYS 0704). To be eligible for departmental honors, a student must also complete either a semester of senior thesis (PHYS 0705) or one additional elective beyond those required.
     Electives must be chosen from physics courses at the 0200, 0300, or 0400 level, except that an upper-level physics course taken off campus or an advanced cognate course from another department at Middlebury may be used to satisfy one of the elective requirements. Acceptable cognate courses are CHEM 0353, CSCI 0202, and MATH 0335. Mathematics at least through the level of MATH 0122 is also required; this requirement may be satisfied either at Middlebury or through appropriate pre-college courses in calculus. Independent study courses such as PHYS 0500 may not be used for elective credit. In addition to the courses listed below, PHYS courses that satisfy the elective requirement are occasionally offered during the winter term.
     Prospective majors must begin the physics sequence no later than the sophomore year. Starting in the first year allows more flexibility in the choice of courses and senior work. Students planning graduate work in physics or a related subject should elect as many as possible of, PHYS 0302 (Electromagnetic Waves), PHYS 0330 (Analytical Mechanics), PHYS 0350 (Statistical Mechanics), and PHYS 0401 (Quantum Mechanics). In addition, MATH 0200 (Linear Algebra), MATH 0223 (Multivariable Calculus), and MATH 0225 (Topics in Linear Algebra and Differential Equations) are strongly recommended for those anticipating graduate study. Most physics majors will find computer programming skills through the level of CSCI 0201 extremely valuable.
     Senior Program: The senior project (PHYS 0704) involves a significant piece of experimental or theoretical research to be completed in the final year at Middlebury. Topics in recent years have included work in astrophysics, atomic and optical physics, biophysics, condensed matter physics, cosmology, environmental applications, laser spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, plasma physics, and quantum computing. Outstanding performance in PHYS 0704 may, with the permission of the advisor, allow continuation of the senior project as a senior thesis (PHYS 0705).
     Departmental Honors: A minimum grade average of B in physics courses is required of all honors candidates. To be eligible for departmental honors, a student must also complete either a semester of senior thesis (PHYS 0705) or one additional elective beyond those required. Honors in physics are awarded on the basis of excellent senior work combined with depth and excellence of coursework in physics. A student's overall accomplishments in the department, including teaching assistantships and leadership, are also considered in the awarding of honors.
     Required for the Minor in Physics for students who matriculated prior to Fall of 2010: The minor in physics consists of at least five courses, two of which must be PHYS 0109 and PHYS 0110. At least one of the others is to be chosen from among PHYS 0201 and PHYS 0202; any two additional PHYS courses, including those offered during winter term, complete the minor.
     Required for the Minor in Physics for students matriculating in Fall of 2010 and beyond: The minor in physics consists of at least six PHYS courses, at least three of which must be at the 0200 level or above, and at least four of which must be taken at Middlebury College.
     Pre-Engineering: Some students study physics with the intent of eventually doing engineering, either through a 3-2 program or in graduate school. Students who pursue a physics major en route to a 3-2 engineering degree should take the same eight-course sequence outlined above, and one elective chosen from physics courses at the 0200, 0300, or 0400 level; they also must complete a one-unit senior project (PHYS 0704). Four-year pre-engineering students take the normal physics major and choose electives in consultation with the pre-engineering advisor.   
     Advanced Placement: Students who seek advanced placement in physics should take the College Board AP examinations. Credit for PHYS 0109 is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the Physics C: Mechanics examination and credit for PHYS 0110 is given to students who achieve a score of 5 on the Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism examination. One AP credit is given to students who take the Physics B examination and achieve scores of 4 or 5, but such students are advised to begin their study of physics with PHYS 0109.

PHYS 0109 Newtonian Physics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course examines motion as it occurs throughout the universe. Topics covered include inertia, force, Newton's laws of motion, work and energy, linear momentum, collisions, gravitation, rotational motion, torque, angular momentum, and oscillatory motion. Emphasis is on practical applications in physics, engineering, the life sciences, and everyday life. Laboratory work and lecture demonstrations illustrate basic physical principles. (Students in PHYS 0109 should be enrolled concurrently in MATH 0121 or MATH 0122 or have completed a high school or college calculus course.) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab. DED, SCI (Fall 2013: R. Wolfson; Spring 2014: A. Goodsell)

PHYS 0110 Electricity and Magnetism (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The physical principles of electricity and magnetism are developed and applied to the electrical structure of matter and the electromagnetic nature of light. Practical topics from electricity and magnetism include voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, and AC and DC circuits. Laboratory work includes an introduction to electronics and to important instruments such as the oscilloscope. (PHYS 0109; MATH 0122 concurrent or prior) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab. DED, SCI (Fall 2013: S. Watson; Spring 2014: S. Ratcliff)

PHYS 0155 An Introduction to the Universe (Fall 2013)
Our universe comprises billions of galaxies in a rapidly expanding fabric. How did it begin? Will it expand forever, or how may it end? How do the stars that compose the galaxies evolve from their births in clouds of gas, through the tranquility of middle age, to their often violent deaths? How can scientists even hope to answer such cosmic questions from our vantage point on a small planet, orbiting a very ordinary star? Are there other planets, orbiting other stars, where intelligent beings may be pondering similar issues? This introductory astronomy course, designed for nonscience majors, will explore these and other questions. Students will also become familiar with the night sky, both as part of our natural environment and as a scientific resource, through independent observations and sessions at the College Observatory. The approach requires no college-level mathematics, but students should expect to do quantitative calculations using scientific notation and occasionally to use elementary high-school algebra. (Students may not receive credit for both PHYS 0155 and PHYS 0165.) 3 hrs. lect., 2 hrs. lab./disc. DED, SCI (E. Glikman)

PHYS 0201 Relativity and Quantum Physics (Fall 2013)
This course probes a number of areas for which classical physics has provided no adequate explanations. Topics covered include Einstein's special relativity, quantization of atomic energy levels and photons, the atomic models of Rutherford and Bohr, and wave-particle duality. (PHYS 0109, MATH 0122; PHYS 0110 concurrent or prior) 3 hrs. lect. DED, SCI (S. Ratcliff)

PHYS 0202 Quantum Physics and Applications (Spring 2014)
This course introduces quantum theory and statistical mechanics, and explores the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the Schrödinger wave equation, and wave mechanics. These techniques are then applied to atomic, molecular, nuclear, and elementary particle systems. (PHYS 0201; PHYS 0212 concurrent or prior) 3 hrs. lect. DED, SCI (S. Watson, E. Glikman)

PHYS 0212 Applied Mathematics for the Physical Sciences (Spring 2014)
This course concentrates on the methods of applied mathematics used for treating the partial differential equations that commonly arise in physics, chemistry, and engineering. Topics include differential vector calculus, Fourier series, and other orthogonal function sets. Emphasis will be given to physical applications of the mathematics. Both analytic and numerical methods are employed. This course is a prerequisite for all 0300- and 0400-level physics courses. (MATH 0122; PHYS 0110 concurrent or prior) 4.5 hrs. lect. DED (N. Graham)

PHYS 0221 Electronics for Scientists (Fall 2013)
An introduction to modern electronic circuits and devices, emphasizing both physical operation and practical use. Transistors and integrated circuits are considered in both analog and digital applications. Examples and laboratory experiments stress measurement and control applications in the physical and biological sciences. Students will gain hands-on familiarity with the design, use, and troubleshooting of electronic instrumentation. (PHYS 0110 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab. DED, SCI (S. Ratcliff)

PHYS 0301 Intermediate Electromagnetism (Fall 2013)
The unified description of electricity and magnetism is one of the greatest triumphs of physics. This course provides a thorough grounding in the nature of electric and magnetic fields and their interaction with matter. Mathematical techniques appropriate to the solution of problems in electromagnetism are also introduced. The primary emphasis is on static fields, with the full time-dependent Maxwell equations and electromagnetic waves introduced in the final part of the course. (PHYS 0212) 3 hrs. lect. (A. Goodsell)

PHYS 0321 Experimental Techniques in Physics (Fall 2013)
This course will cover the design and execution of experiments, and the analysis and presentation of data, at an advanced level. Laboratory experiments will be chosen to illustrate the use of electronic, mechanical, and optical instruments to investigate fundamental physical phenomena, such as the properties of atoms and nuclei and the nature of radiation. Skills in computer-based data analysis and presentation will be developed and emphasized. This course satisfies the College writing requirement. (PHYS 0201 and PHYS 0202 and PHYS 0212; MATH 0200 recommended) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. lab. CW (J. Dunham, A. Goodsell)

PHYS 0330 Analytical Mechanics (Fall 2013)
An intermediate-level course in the kinematics and dynamics of particles and rigid body motion. The topics will include: analysis and application of Newton's law of mechanics; the concepts of work, energy, and power; energy conservation; momentum and momentum conservation; torque, angular momentum, and angular momentum conservation; oscillatory motion; and central-force motion. Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulations of classical mechanics will be introduced with emphasis placed on developing problem-solving strategies and techniques. (PHYS 0109 and PHYS 0212, or by waiver; MATH 0200 recommended) 3 hrs. lect. (S. Watson)

PHYS 0350 Statistical Mechanics (Fall 2013)
The course opens with a review of classical thermodynamics and continues with an examination of the fundamental concepts of probability, statistics, and distribution functions. These topics are followed by in-depth discussion of the concepts of energy, energy quantization, and the application of these concepts to the modeling of macroscopic systems. The remainder of the course is a study of statistical mechanics and its application to a variety of classical and quantum systems. Topics covered include statistical thermodynamics, Maxwellian distributions, imperfect gases, equipartition theorem, quantum statistics, heat capacities of solids, electromagnetic radiation, and ideal quantum gases. (PHYS 0202 and PHYS 0212) 3 hrs. lect. (J. Dunham)

PHYS 0360 Topics in Contemporary Physics (Spring 2014)
This course explores an area of current interest in physics. The topic varies from year to year, depending on faculty and student interest. The emphasis is on thorough exploration of a contemporary field of physics accessible to students with an intermediate undergraduate physics background. Students will be consulted before selection of the course topic, and a detailed description will be provided before fall term registration. (PHYS 0202 and PHYS 0212; additional prerequisites may be imposed.) (E. Glikman)

PHYS 0401 Quantum Mechanics (Spring 2014)
A fundamental course in quantum mechanics aimed at understanding the mathematical structure of the theory and its application to physical phenomena at the atomic and nuclear levels. Topics include the basic postulates of quantum mechanics, operator formalism, Schrödinger equation, one-dimensional and central potentials, angular momentum and spin, perturbation theory, and systems of identical particles. (PHYS 0202 and PHYS 0212; MATH 0200 recommended) 3 hrs. lect. (N. Graham)

PHYS 0500 Independent Study and Special Topics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

PHYS 0704 Senior Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Independent research project culminating in both written and oral presentations. (Fall 2013: N. Graham; Spring 2014: N. Graham)

PHYS 0705 Senior Research and Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Independent research in the fall, winter, and spring terms culminating in a written thesis (two units total). (Approval required) (Staff)

Political Science
Required for the Major in Political Science: A major must take ten regular political science courses. One of these ten must be an introductory course in the political theory subfield (PSCI 0101 or PSCI 0107). Two additional courses must be introductory courses in two of the three other subfields: American politics (PSCI 0102 or PSCI 0104); comparative politics (PSCI 0103); and international relations (PSCI 0109). These three required introductory courses should normally be completed before the end of the sophomore year. Among the ten total courses required for the major, the student must also fulfill the field distribution requirement, and complete the 0400-level seminar. At least seven of these ten courses, including the 0400-level seminar, must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont. Students may count a maximum of one political science winter term course as one of the ten required courses for the major. Winter term courses may be used to fulfill the field distribution requirement.
     The Field Distribution Requirement: All regular fall and spring term political science courses are classified in one of the following four fields: Political Theory, American Politics, Comparative Politics, and International Relations and Foreign Policy. Students must take at least two courses in any three of these fields and one course in the fourth field.
     Senior Program: The senior program consists of a seminar of the major's choice. Each seminar includes advanced work appropriate to the field in which the seminar is offered. The seminars are the 0400-level courses offered by the department. Seminars are open to juniors and seniors. Normally, the senior program requirement must be completed by taking a seminar offered by a member of the Middlebury faculty. Work done in programs abroad, at other North American colleges and universities, or in the Washington Semester program will not count as the equivalent of a Middlebury seminar. IGST seminars co-taught by PSCI faculty cannot substitute for 0400-level PSCI seminars but will count as an elective towards the 10 required courses in PSCI.
     Departmental Honors: Students who elect to seek departmental honors write a thesis in the senior year. All students who plan to write a thesis are strongly encouraged to enroll in PSCI 0368 or PSCI 0347 before their senior year (and students writing a political theory thesis are encouraged to take a 0300-level theory course). Honors candidates should initiate the process by contacting their prospective faculty advisor during their junior year (including students who are abroad during their junior year). Candidates must submit an honors thesis proposal to their advisor prior to the term(s) in which the thesis is to be written. If the proposal is approved, the student may register for PSCI 0700 winter term thesis and PSCI 0700 for the spring term. After an oral examination of the completed thesis, honors are conferred or denied on the basis of (1) the level of the grade achieved on the thesis; and (2) the level of the average grade received in other fall and spring courses taken at Middlebury. Courses taken abroad do not count toward the grade point determination. Honors theses candidates will have a political science course average of at least 3.33 and a thesis grade of B+ or higher to attain honors; a political science course average of at least 3.50 and a thesis grade of A- or higher to attain high honors; and a political science course average of at least 3.67 and a thesis grade of A to attain highest honors. (For a full description of regulations, pick up a copy of Honors Theses Procedures and Regulations in Munroe 213 or check the PSCI web page at www.middlebury.edu/academics/ps/requirements/thesesproceduresandschedule.
     Independent Study: Students with demonstrated preparation and proficiency in the field may elect independent study projects (PSCI 0500). These projects are prepared under the supervision of a member or members of the department. The PSCI 0500 projects may not be substituted for the seminar requirement. The PSCI 0500 projects are reading and research courses; the department will not award PSCI 0500 credit for political experience such as congressional internships.
     Joint Majors: Students wishing to do a joint major in political science and another department or program of studies must take eight regular political science courses. One of these eight must be an introductory course in the political theory subfield (PSCI 0101 or PSCI 0107). Two additional courses must be introductory courses in two of the three other subfields: American politics (PSCI 0102 or PSCI 0104); comparative politics (PSCI 0103); and international relations (PSCI 0109). These three required introductory courses should normally be completed before the end of the sophomore year. Among the eight total courses required for the major, the student must also take at least two courses in any two of the four fields of political science and one course in the third and fourth fields and complete a 0400-level seminar. Students must also give evidence of having used the training in both majors, usually in a seminar paper, but sometimes in an independent project or thesis. At least five courses including the 0400-level seminar must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont. Students may count a maximum of one political science winter term course as one of the eight required courses for the joint major. Winter term courses may be used to fulfill the field distribution requirement. Joint majors do not qualify for honors in political science. (Double majors are eligible.)
     International Politics and Economics Major: The IPE major allows students to combine the study of politics, economics, and languages, linking these disciplines with an appropriate experience abroad. Students wishing to pursue this major should refer to International Politics and Economics in both the General Catalog and the on-line catalog.
     International and Global Studies Major: To specialize in political science within the IGST major, students must take: PSCI 0103 or PSCI 0109; one course from PSCI 0101, PSCI 0102, PSCI 0104, PSCI 0107; four other courses from either the comparative politics or international relations and foreign policy categories, including one 0400-level seminar taken at Middlebury College in Vermont. IGST seminars co-taught by PSCI faculty cannot substitute for 0400-level PSCI seminars, but will count towards the six required courses in political science. In addition, it is highly recommended that IGST thesis candidates enroll in PSCI 0368 or PSCI 0347 before their senior year.
     Minors in Political Science: The minor in political science will consist of five regular fall or spring term courses taken at Middlebury College, which must come from at least two of the four fields in the department. At least one of the courses must be at the 0300-level or above. The five course requirement will not be reduced by AP credits.
     Advanced Placement: A score of 4 or 5 on the College Board Advanced Placement Examination in American politics will entitle the student to exemption from PSCI 0104; such a score may satisfy the requirement of one course in the American politics field. A score of 4 to 5 on the College Board Advanced Placement Examination in comparative politics will entitle the student to exemption from PSCI 0103; such a score may satisfy the requirement of one course in the comparative politics field. While supplying two college credits, advanced placement in both American politics and comparative politics will only count as one of the ten courses required for the political science major. Students will also receive only one distribution credit for AP courses, and notwithstanding the distribution credit, all students must take at least one course in each subfield.

PSCI 0101 Introduction to Political Philosophy (Spring 2014)
What is politics? What is the purpose of politics? Is there a best regime? Is it attainable? What is justice? What is the good life? How is each related to political life? Is there a science of politics? In this course, we will raise these and other fundamental questions through a study of major ancient and modern works of political philosophy. Authors may include Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Constant, Tocqueville, Mill, Marx, and Nietzsche. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Political Theory) EUR, PHL, SOC (K. Callanan)

PSCI 0102 The American Political Regime (Spring 2014)
This is a course in American political and constitutional thought. The theme, taken from de Tocqueville's Democracy in America, is the problem of freedom. The first half covers the American founding up through the Civil War and the "refounding." This includes de Tocqueville, Madison's Notes on the Debates in the Federal Convention, the Federalist-Anti-Federalist ratification debate, Supreme Court decisions (Marbury, McCulloch), writings of Jefferson, Calhoun, and Lincoln. The second half considers basic problems in American politics, such as race, gender, foreign policy, and education. Readings include a novel, de Tocqueville, and Supreme Court decisions (Brown, Frontiero, Roe, Casey, Grutter, Lawrence). 4 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR, SOC (M. Dry)

PSCI 0103 Introduction to Comparative Politics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course offers an introduction to the comparative study of political systems and to the logic of comparative inquiry. How are different political systems created and organized? How and why do they change? Why are some democratic and others authoritarian? Why are some rich and others poor? Other topics covered in this course include nationalism and political ideologies, forms of representation, the relationship between state institutions and civil society, and globalization. The goal in this course is to use comparative methods to analyze questions of state institutions -- how they arise, change, and generate different economic, social, and political outcome. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) CMP, SOC (Fall 2013: N. Horning, O. Lewis; Spring 2014: E. Bleich)

PSCI 0104 Introduction to American Politics (Fall 2013)
This course introduces the institutions and practices of American government and politics. The aim is to give students a firm understanding of the workings of and the balance of power among the American Congress, President, bureaucracy, and court system. We begin with the Constitution, which provides the set of founding principles upon which the American government is based. We then look at how American citizens make decisions about politics. Finally, we examine how political institutions, interest groups, parties, elections, and legislative bodies and rules aggregate diverse, often conflicting preferences and how they resolve or exacerbate problems. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR, SOC (M. Dickinson)

PSCI 0107 Politics and the Studies of Politics (Fall 2013)
This course will consider classic texts of Western political thought. The aims of the course are to see what each of the texts says about politics, and to determine the modes of thought of the text. For example, we will pay close attention both to the substance of Aristotle's political science and to the manner in which he conducts his inquiry. Other works may include Thomas Aquinas, Summae; William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar; Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan; Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France; Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America; speeches by Thomas Macaulay; and writings by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Political Theory) EUR, PHL, SOC (P. Nelson)

PSCI 0109 International Politics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
What causes conflict or cooperation among states? What can states and other international entities do to preserve global peace? These are among the issues addressed by the study of international politics. This course examines the forces that shape relations among states, and between states and international regimes. Key concepts include: the international system, power and the balance of power, international institutions, foreign policy, diplomacy, deterrence, war, and global economic issues. Both the fall and spring sections of this course emphasize rigorous analysis and set theoretical concepts against historical and contemporary case studies. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) CMP, SOC (Fall 2013: A. Yuen, M. Williams; Spring 2014: K. George)

PSCI 0202 African Politics (Spring 2014)
This course surveys the challenges and possibilities that Sub-Saharan Africa presents in our era of globalization. We will look at the process of state formation to appreciate the relationships between historical legacies and political and economic development. Themes include state formation, democratic governance, sustainable development, and Africa in world affairs. Topics such as colonial rule and national responses, authoritarian rule, ethnic politics, the debt burden, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and natural resource politics will be discussed. Case studies from English-, French-, and Portuguese-speaking Africa will be used to illuminate such relationships. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) AAL, SOC (N. Horning)

PSCI 0204 Left, Right, and Center (Fall 2013)
In this course, we shall examine liberalism, conservatism, socialism and their competing conceptions of freedom, equality, the individual, and community. We shall consider the origins of these ideologies in early modern political theory and shall afford special attention to the connection between thought and politics. Authors may include John Locke, Adam Smith, Edmund Burke, Alexis de Tocqueville, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, John Rawls, Michel Foucault, Michael Oakeshott, and Friedrich Hayek. 3 hrs. lect. (Political Theory) EUR, PHL, SOC (K. Callanan)

PSCI/ENVS 0211 Conservation and Environmental Policy (Fall 2013)
This course examines conservation and environmental policy in the United States. In order to better understand the current nature of the conservation and environmental policy process, we will begin by tracing the development of past ideas, institutions, and policies related to this policy arena. We will then focus on contemporary conservation and environmental politics and policy making—gridlock in Congress, interest group pressure, the role of the courts and the president, and a move away from national policy making—toward the states, collaboration, and civil society. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR, SOC (C. Klyza)

PSCI 0212 Comparative Environmental Politics (Spring 2014)
The nation-state is confronted with both internal and external demands on its ability to manage environmental problems, and these challenges take many forms. For example, international treaties have to be effectively translated into domestic policy; environmental problems that may be considered "local" are often exacerbated by international phenomena; the ability of domestic populations to bring environmental problems to the policy agenda is influenced by state-society relationships; and state environmental agencies often have jurisdictional conflicts with vested interests. In this course we will examine such environmental issues in several countries, including Brazil, Indonesia, and Egypt in order to compare the effects of different political systems on natural resource management. 3 hrs. lect. (Comparative Politics) AAL, CMP, SOC (K. George)

PSCI 0214 International Environmental Politics (Fall 2013)
What happens when the global economy outgrows the earth's ecosystem? This course surveys the consequences of the collision between the expanding world economy and the earth's natural limits: shrinking forests, falling water tables, eroding soils, collapsing fisheries, rising temperatures, and disappearing species. We will examine how countries with different circumstances and priorities attempt to work together to stop global environmental pollution and resource depletion. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) CMP, SOC (K. George)

PSCI 0227 Soviet and Russian Politics (Spring 2014)
This course seeks to introduce the student to a major phenomenon of 20th century politics, the rise and decline of the Soviet Union and the emergence of Russia as its successor state. The first part of the course provides an overview of key factors that influenced Russian and Soviet politics under communism, including history, economy, ideology, institutions of the communist party, and the role of political leadership from Lenin to Gorbachev. The second part surveys radical political and social transformations in the 1990s and analyzes Russia's struggle with the twin challenges of democratic and market reform under Yeltsin and Putin. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) EUR, HIS, SOC (M. Kraus)

PSCI 0228 Central and East European Politics (Fall 2013)
This introductory course surveys the key stages in the political development of East and Central Europe in the 20th century, including the imposition of communist rule, crises of de-Stalinization, the revolutions of 1989, the politics of post-communist transitions, the Balkan wars, and democratization. It focuses on those factors that either promote or impede the development of stable democratic regimes and assesses East Europe's prospects in the context of EU enlargement and NATO expansion. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) EUR, HIS, SOC (M. Kraus)

PSCI 0232 The Politics of Diversity in Western Europe (Fall 2013)
Contrary to common perceptions, most West European populations are no longer overwhelmingly white and Christian. The new diversity prompted by post-World War II immigration has generated opportunities and challenges for European societies. In this course, we will examine how ethnic diversity is affecting contemporary West European politics. We will cover the topics of citizenship, immigration, immigrant integration, the rise of far right parties, and state policies toward Europe's new ethnically, racially, and religiously diverse societies. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) EUR, SOC (E. Bleich)

PSCI 0240 Race Around the World: The Comparative Politics of Ethnic Diversity (Fall 2013)
This course aims to promote reflection on the interactions between the state and ethnic and racially diverse societies. We will examine the political development of concepts of race and racism and address topics such as slave emancipation, anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, and decolonization, as well as contemporary issues such as affirmative action, hate crimes, and Islamophobia. We will draw on readings and case studies from North America, South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) CMP, CW, SOC (E. Bleich)

PSCI 0242 International Politics and WMD (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine the international ramifications of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons use. What is a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)? How have WMD changed the way states behave toward international conflicts and within international crises? How has the development of these weapons influenced the policies states have adopted in response? Beyond these questions, major course themes include the threats of proliferation and the highs and lows of weapons reduction initiatives. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) SOC (A. Yuen)

PSCI 0250 International Diplomacy and Modern South Asia (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine current political and economic issues in the countries of South Asia - Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bhutan. We will first examine the background of the South Asian region in general (pre-colonial and colonial eras) and of South Asian countries after independence. We will look at specific interstate and intrastate issues, focusing on the combined quests for political stability and economic development. Students will look at topical issues from the perspective of an officer working in a U.S. Embassy or in a U.S. foreign policy agency. The course will combine rigorous academic understanding of the region with current policy issues. Readings will include both academic studies and contemporary policy/issues papers. This course is equivalent to IGST 0250. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) AAL, SOC (J. Lunstead)

PSCI 0260 The Political Economy of Drug Trafficking (Spring 2014)
This course examines the political economy of drug trafficking in the Western Hemisphere. How have transnational drug markets evolved, and why? What effects has narco-trafficking had on the political, economic, legal, financial, and social systems of producer, consumer, and transshipment countries? What policy responses are available to combat it? How should we weigh alternative policy options? Examination of these issues centers on source countries in Latin America's Andean region, the chief transshipment country (Mexico), and the principal consumer country (the US). Attention also is devoted to the drug trade's effects on American society and criminal justice system. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) AAL, CMP, CW, SOC (M. Williams)

PSCI 0262 Might and Right Among Nations (Fall 2013)
What role does justice play in international politics? What role should it play? Does it pay to act justly in the conduct of foreign affairs? In this course, we will examine the place of ethical considerations in international politics. Drawing upon major works of political theory, we will pay special attention to the relationship between justice and necessity, the ethics of war and deception, and plans for perpetual peace. Authors will include Thucydides, Cicero, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Kant, Weber, Woodrow Wilson, and Michael Walzer. 3 hrs. lect. (Political Theory) EUR, PHL (K. Callanan)

PSCI 0278 The Politics of Insurgency (Spring 2014)
In this course we will survey the full range of insurgencies, from violent civil wars and classic insurgencies to strategically nonviolent movements. Drawing from the international relations and comparative politics literatures, this class will work to analyze an array of research questions on why insurgencies begin, endure, and terminate. We will also consider the efficacy of different resistance methods, the role of the international community, and the impact of insurgency on post-conflict outcomes. Students will synthesize course content in a professional research analysis that provides policy prescriptions for ongoing conflicts throughout the world. (PSCI 0103 or 0109) 3 hrs. lect. (Comparative Politics) CMP, SOC (O. Lewis)

PSCI 0303 U.S.-Latin American Relations (Fall 2013)
This course examines American foreign policy toward Latin America. Grounded in international relations theory, it chronicles the expansion of U.S. power in the nineteenth century, the interwar period, the Cold War, and the current era of continental economic integration. To ensure rigorous analysis the course sets theoretical concepts against specific case studies. Topics include the Inter-American System, specific doctrines (Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary), specific policies (Good Neighbor Policy, Alliance for Progress), and milestone events in U.S.-Latin American relations, including the Cuban missile crisis, Falkland Islands War, and North American Free Trade Agreement. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) CMP, SOC (M. Williams)

PSCI 0304 International Political Economy (Spring 2013)
This course examines the politics of global economic relations, focusing principally on the advanced industrial states. How do governments and firms deal with the forces of globalization and interdependence? And what are the causes and consequences of their actions for the international system in turn? The course exposes students to both classic and contemporary thinking on free trade and protectionism, exchange rates and monetary systems, foreign direct investment and capital movements, regional integration, and the role of international institutions like the WTO. Readings will be drawn mainly from political science, as well as law and economics. (PSCI 0109) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) SOC (O. Eglene)

PSCI 0305 American Constitutional Law: The Federal System (Fall 2013)
This course examines the development of American constitutionalism through study of Supreme Court decisions. Every major topic but the bill of rights (see PSCI 0306) is covered. Using the Sullivan and Gunther Constitutional Law casebook, we begin with judicial review and then study the development of legal doctrines surrounding the commerce clause, the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment, and the separation of powers. Recent cases focus on affirmative action and federal protection of civil rights. Interpretive books and essays are considered, as time permits. A mock court exercise is anticipated. (Juniors and seniors with PSCI 0102 or PSCI 0104 or PSCI 0306) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR (M. Dry)

PSCI 0307 The Politics of Virtual Realities (Fall 2013)
How has technology changed our politics? Are those changes all for the good? In this course we will explore the political, legal, and normative implications of the Internet for liberal democracy. We start with the US Constitution and explore arguments that it cannot by itself prevent the Internet from becoming a domain of manipulation rather than of freedom. How can we uphold the ideals of liberty and equality? And, since cyberspace has no country, whose laws should govern it? Cases will include President Obama's campaign and governance strategies, Google's activities abroad, cybersecurity, virtual war, and the WikiLeaks controversy. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) CW, SOC (A. Stanger)

PSCI 0310 American Public Policy (Spring 2014)
This course examines the functioning of the entire United States political system, with an emphasis on the policies or outcomes of this political system. The first part of the course will examine the context in which policy is made (e.g., history, capitalism, liberalism). The second part of the course will focus on the policy-making process. We will examine the major stages of the policy process: agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation. The third and final part of the course will focus on specific policy areas, such as education policy and health care policy. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR, SOC (C. Klyza)

PSCI 0311 American Foreign Policy (Spring 2014)
Does America exercise its power in the world in a distinctive way? If yes, has it always done so? In this course we will examine the evolution of American foreign policy from the time of the founding to the present. As we make our way from the height of the Cold War to the 21st century, we will assess how leaders, institutions, domestic politics, and the actions and inactions of other countries have shaped American international behavior. Topics considered include terrorism, nuclear proliferation, globalization, democracy promotion, whether the rich US has an obligation to help the less fortunate, how much power the Pentagon should have, what role the private sector can and should play in advancing American interests, and the Bush revolution in foreign policy. A central aim of the course is to map competing perspectives so that the student can draw his or her own political conclusions. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) NOR, SOC (A. Stanger)

PSCI 0312 Bureaucracy (Spring 2014)
How did 9-11 happen? Why did the U.S. believe Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction? What went wrong with relief efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina? Answering these questions requires an understanding of bureaucracies in the American political context -- the subject of this course. It begins with an overview of the nature of bureaucracies and theories for their formation, followed by an examination of bureaucratic actors (managers, operators, and executives) and the context within which they work. It concludes with an attempt to assess bureaucratic effectiveness. Case studies of particular bureaucracies, including those involved in the War on Terror, Iraq and Hurricane Katrina, are included to sharpen analyses. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) (M. Dickinson)

PSCI 0317 Ancient and Medieval Political Philosophy (Fall 2013)
We will study some classic works in ancient and medieval political philosophy: Plato (Laws, Republic); Aristotle (Ethics, Politics); Cicero (Republic, Laws), Maimonides (Guide to the Perplexed), Aquinas (Summa Theologica, Summa Contra Gentiles), Alfarabi (The Political Regime). (PSCI 0101 or PSCI 0107 or by waiver) 4 hrs. lect./disc. (Political Theory) PHL, SOC (M. Dry)

PSCI 0324 The Political Development of Western Europe (Spring 2014)
In what ways are the political systems and politics of France, Germany, Italy, and Britain similar? In what ways do they differ? How might we explain these patterns? This course attempts to answer these questions through comparative investigation of the processes and consequences of economic and political modernization in these nations from the feudal period to the 21st century. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) CMP, CW, EUR, SOC (A. Stanger)

PSCI 0335 Latin American Revolutions (Spring 2014)
This course examines the causes, goals, and outcomes of revolutions in twentieth-century Latin America, with special reference to Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Chile, and Nicaragua. It seeks to understand (1) why this region has experienced multiple revolutions; (2) what their political, economic, or social impact has been; (3) why revolutions produced authoritarian, socialist, dictatorial, or democratic outcomes across countries; and (4) what factors have kept revolutionaries from achieving their political, social, or economic goals. Evaluation entails rigorous application of theory to in-depth case studies. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics) AAL, SOC (M. Williams)

PSCI 0337 Democracy, Development, and Globalization (Fall 2013)
In this course we will address crucial issues that both economists and political scientists have considered fundamental to their disciplines: how nations become democratic, develop economically, and confront globalization and regionalism. We will focus on theories that come from various disciplines to explain these phenomena. Following several weeks of theoretical discussion, we will focus on case studies from Latin America, Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe, and China. Our approach will focus on integrating various disciplines to understand these inherently interdisciplinary issues. Students will be expected to write research papers that will utilize foreign language sources, as appropriate. This course is equivalent to ECON 0337 and IGST 0337. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Comparative Politics)  AAL, CMP, SOC (J. Cason, W. Pyle)

PSCI 0344 Race, Sex, and the Constitution (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine how courts in America have framed and decided cases involving sex and race. We will consider issues such as sex discrimination, birth control and abortion, and sexual orientation, as well as the Court's doctrine concerning heightened levels of scrutiny for suspect classifications and fundamental rights. Course readings will consist of Supreme Court decisions, relevant state supreme court and lower federal court decisions on same sex marriage, and scholarly commentary. We will examine both the legitimacy and the efficacy of judicial power in these areas. Seniors needing to fulfill a political science seminar requirement may arrange with the instructor to do so. (PSCI 0102) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (American Politics) NOR, SOC (M. Dry)

PSCI/FREN 0351 Presidents of the Fifth Republic (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine presidential power in France’s Fifth Republic, introduced in 1958. We will study the seven presidents of the Fifth Republic—Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, François Mitterrand, Jacques Chirac, and the current president Nicolas Sarkozy, and Francois Hollande—through memoirs, speeches, research monographs, journal articles, and biographies. We will focus on the content of their domestic and foreign policies as well as their leadership strategies and visions for France in a comparative perspective. (This course will be taught in French; FREN 0230 or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. and film screenings EUR, LNG, SOC (O. Eglene)

PSCI 0368 Frontiers in Political Science Research (Fall 2013)
Nothing is more controversial among political scientists than the topic of how to study politics. In this course, we consider a variety of advanced techniques for studying political phenomena, including statistical methods, game theory, institutional analysis, case study techniques, experiments, and agent-based modeling. We will work with concrete examples (drawn from major political science journals) of how scholars have used these techniques, and consider the ongoing philosophical controversies associated with each approach. Students will have the opportunity to conduct original research using a method and subject of their choosing. (Two political science courses) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Political Theory) DED, SOC (M. Dickinson, A. Yuen)

PSCI/ENVS 0390 Environmental Negotiation and Dispute Resolution (Spring 2014)
In this seminar, we will gain an understanding of environmental negotiation and dispute resolution as applied to public policy at both the domestic and international levels. We will consider the mutual gains approach to negotiation, facilitation, mediation, and dispute systems design. We will grapple with challenging features typical of environmental negotiations, such as the large number of stakeholders involved, scientific uncertainty, and value differences. We will undertake role-playing simulations. Throughout, we will think critically about the negotiating styles and assumptions employed by both seminar participants and those presented in course materials. (Junior or Senior standing; Sophomores by approval; ENVS 0211 or IGST 0101 or PSCI 0109). 3 hrs. sem. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) SOC (C. Ashcraft)

PSCI 0413 Media and Democratization (Spring 2014)
The news media can either support or undermine non-democratic regimes. This tension between media liberalization and political control is well-captured in Yuezhi Zhao’s book Communication in China: Political Economy, Power and Conflict, which will serve as a thematic anchor for this course. We will examine the impact of print, television, and new media on democratization in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Africa, while drawing from the literature on democratic transitions and the communications literature on media effects. The goal of the course is to understand the causes of press freedom, its role in the erosion of state control, and its implications for the survival of authoritarian regimes.  3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) CMP, SOC (O. Lewis)

PSCI 0421 American Environmental Politics (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will examine various aspects of environmental politics in the United States. Topics to be covered include how society seeks to influence environmental policy (through public opinion, voting, interest groups, and political parties) and how policy is made through Congress, the executive branch, the courts, collaboration, and through the states and corporate social responsibility. Students will write a major research paper on an aspect of U.S. environmental politics. (PSCI/ENVS 0211; open to PSCI/ESEP majors, others by approval) 3 hrs. sem. (American Politics) (C. Klyza)

PSCI 0424 Seminar on Comparative Democratization (Fall 2013)
This seminar explores critical issues concerning transitions from authoritarian to democratic rule. It addresses such questions as: What factors account for the "third wave" of global democratic expansion? How do newly democratic societies confront their authoritarian past? Should the new leaders choose presidential or parliamentary government? What challenges confront states that are undergoing simultaneously processes of democratic change and economic transformation? What conditions favor consolidation of new democracies? Can democracy's "third wave" be sustained indefinitely, or will a wave of democratic breakdowns follow? To contend with such questions, we will analyze and compare the experience of many countries and regions. (One course in comparative politics) 3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) (M. Kraus)

PSCI 0429 Seminar on the U.S. Congress (Spring 2014)
The U.S. Congress is the most powerful political institution in the nation, and one of the least popular. To understand why, this course examines theories of representation and how they relate to the contemporary Congress; the historical development and institutionalization of the Congress; the roles of parties, candidates, media, and money in Congressional elections; the legislative process, including roles of committees, interest groups, parties, congressional leaders, and presidents; the impact of representational and policy-making processes on the nature of legislation enacted by Congress; and Congress in comparative perspective. (Open to junior and senior majors) 3 hrs. sem. (American Politics) (M. Dickinson)

PSCI 0431 African Government (Fall 2013)
Sub-Saharan Africa has been described as being in a state of permanent crisis, a place where disorder and chaos reign and states are chronically weak. How do political systems form and thrive under such conditions? What accounts for their survival in the face of tremendous political, economic, and environmental challenges? We will investigate the distinctive characteristics of African political systems, the different governance models throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, and the types of public goods or public ills these systems have produced. We will also have the opportunity to more deeply appreciate the real-life consequences for displaced Africans through a service-learning component. 3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) AAL (N. Horning)

PSCI 0434 War: Causes, Conduct, Consequences (Spring 2014)
Why do human beings organize themselves in armed groups to attack and kill other human beings? What is it like to experience war, both as a combatant and a non-combatant caught in its vortex?  How has warfare evolved over time? Which legal or moral considerations affect how wars are fought?  What are the mechanisms of war propaganda? What are the immediate and long-term consequences of war? What is the future of war?  These are some of the questions we will try to answer. Readings include works by psychologists, political scientists, historians, philosophers, poets, fiction writers, dramatists, film-makers, and  participants. This course is equivalent to IGST 0434. EUR, SOC (M. Geisler, R. Leng)   

PSCI 0437 Understanding Intervention (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will examine third-party intervention and its effects on conflict. Why do interveners get involved? In what ways do third parties try to manage or influence conflict? We will discuss various types of intervention, including economic sanctions, military assistance, and covert operations. We will then consider how interveners affect the outbreak, duration, and conclusion of conflict. Do interveners make conflict more or less likely to start? Do they shorten or lengthen fighting? How do they affect war outcomes? Case studies of intervention include Bosnia and Kosovo, World War I and World War II, and various Cold War conflicts. 3 hrs. sem. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) SOC (A. Yuen)

PSCI 0452 Ecocriticism and Global Environmental Justice (Fall 2013)
Many global environmental problems—climate change, biodiversity, deforestation, clean water, and transboundary waste movement—are ineffectively managed. In this course we will take a critical look at these failures and ask: do existing norms and attitudes make effective, sustainable environmental management more difficult? In doing so, we will examine institutions and phenomena such as the sovereign nation-state, free market capitalism, and the authority of scientific knowledge. We will ask whether sustainable management is compatible with these institutions and phenomena, or whether they contribute to environmental injustice, racism, political marginalization, and gender and class inequity by studying contemporary and historic examples. 3 hrs. sem. (International Relations and Foreign Policy) CW (K. George)

PSCI 0454 Leadership: Politics and Personality (Spring 2014)
What difference do leaders make? Are leaders born or made? What accounts for effective leadership? Do answers to these questions change when the social, cultural, and political context varies? This course will approach the subject of leadership from a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on (1) the individual personalities and values of leaders; (2) the relationship of leaders to the institutions they serve; (3) the role of the state and cultural context in which the leadership is exercised; and (4) the process of leading. (One course in comparative politics) 3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) (M. Kraus)

PSCI 0460 Seminar on West European Politics (Spring 2014)
In this course we will examine various aspects of European politics through the process of directed research projects. Students may cover any aspect of West European politics, such as how countries are responding to the contemporary economic environment, changes in domestic political party systems, the expansion of the European Union, the relationship between states and civil societies, and immigrant integration. Students will write a major research paper on a topic in European politics that they have selected. 3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) EUR, SOC (E. Bleich)

PSCI 0483 The Rise of Asia and US Policy (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study what is arguably the most important strategic development of the 21st century: how the rise of Asia presents security challenges to the region and the United States. Drawing from international relations scholarship, the course will focus on foreign policy challenges and potential responses. These challenges include both traditional security and nontraditional areas such as water and the environment. We will integrate the analysis of these issues in South, East, and Southeast Asia with study of the policy process, in part through simulations and role-playing exercises. This course is equivalent to IGST 0483. 3 hrs. sem. (Comparative Politics) AAL, CMP, SOC (O. Lewis, J. Lunstead)

PSCI 0500 Independent Projects (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A program of independent work designed to meet the individual needs of advanced students. (Approval required) (Staff)

PSCI 0700 Honors Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Psychology
The Department of Psychology at Middlebury College has a strong commitment to the scientific study of human mental processes, emotions, and behavior. In keeping with this philosophy, the department offers a broad range of courses that provides students with the opportunity to learn about basic research and its applications in a variety of areas, including social, cognitive, behavioral, cultural, clinical, environmental, biological, and developmental psychology.
     Requirements for the Major in Psychology: The psychology major consists of a minimum of 11 courses in five categories: (I) Foundation courses, (II) Area core courses, (III) Electives, (IV) Labs, and (V) Advanced seminars and senior work.
     I. Foundation courses: The foundation courses provide an overview of the field and provide students with the background and skills necessary to understand psychology as an empirical science. The required foundation courses are Introduction to Psychology (PSYC 0105) and the Statistics/Research Methods sequence (PSYC 0201 and PSYC 0202). Students are expected to complete the Statistics/Research Methods sequence by the end of their sophomore year, and no later than the end of their junior year.
     II. Area core courses: Area core courses ensure that students have a broad understanding of various subfields within the discipline. Students are strongly encouraged to complete area core courses no later than the end of junior year. All students must take three area core courses, at least one in each of the two main areas of the curriculum.

Area 1 Neuroscience, Physiological and Cognitive Psychology: PSYC 0301, PSYC 0302, and PSYC 0305.
Area 2 Social, Personality, Clinical, and Developmental Psychology: PSYC 0203, PSYC 0204, PSYC 0224, and PSYC 0216 or PSYC 0225.

     III. Electives: In addition, students choose three elective courses from the psychology curriculum, including winter term. PSYC 0350, PSYC 0500, or PSYC 0700 can be used as one of the elective requirements. (PSYC 0701, 0702, and 0703 do not satisfy the elective requirement.)
     IV. Labs: All students must take at least one course with a lab section in addition to Psychological Statistics and Research Methods in Psychology. This lab course also may fulfill another course requirement simultaneously (e.g., an area core or elective course). Lab courses are designated as such in the course descriptions. For 2013-14, these are PSYC 0301, 0305, and 0312.
     V. Advanced seminars and senior work: Advanced seminars and senior work in psychology emphasize the synthesis and integration of theory and research. Each student must take two seminars (0400-level courses) in psychology; these may be taken during junior and senior year. Students who meet the department requirements also may apply to the department to complete a senior honors thesis in psychology, which requires students to apply their skills and knowledge to the completion of a year-long empirical research project. Students who complete an honors thesis in psychology can count PSYC 0703 for one of their two senior seminar requirements. (See description below.)
     Departmental Honors in Psychology: Students who seek to graduate with departmental honors should consult with a faculty member no later than their junior year to actively begin planning their research. Students intending to complete honors work are expected to submit a Thesis Intent Form by the stated deadline (early to mid-March)of their junior year. The psychology thesis requires three semesters (including Winter Term) of independent research. During the fall term of their senior year, candidates will enroll in PSYC 0701. During the winter and spring terms, after meeting the special requirements listed in the course description and being accepted into honors candidacy, they will enroll in PSYC 0702 and PSYC 0703, respectively. A minimum GPA of 3.5 in psychology department courses is required for admission to honors candidacy. Students who complete an honors thesis in psychology can count PSYC 0703 for one of their two senior seminar requirements.
     VI. Independent Research in Psychology or Optional Independent Work: Students may take Directed Research (PSYC 0350) or Advanced Research (PSYC 0500) under the supervision of a faculty member. Students need permission from a faculty member prior to enrollment in these courses. Students cannot take more than one independent research course in psychology per semester. Either PSYC 0350, PSYC 0500, or PSYC 0700 can be used to fulfill the general elective requirement; however, neither PSYC 0350 nor PSYC 0500 nor PSYC 0700 counts towards the 0300-level elective requirement.
     Requirements for the Minor in Psychology: Five psychology courses, including the following: (1) PSYC 0105; (2) two core courses from among PSYC 0201, PSYC 0202, PSYC 0203, PSYC 0204, PSYC 0224, PSYC 0225 (or PSYC 0216), PSYC 0230, PSYC 0233, PSYC 0301, PSYC 0302, PSYC 0305, PSYC 0327; (3) two electives (any fall, spring, or winter term PSYC courses).
     Advanced Placement: Students who seek advanced placement in psychology should take the College Board Advanced Placement Examination. Credit for PSYC 0105 is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the Psychology AP Examination. Credit for PSYC 0201 is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the Statistics AP Examination.
     Major in Neuroscience: See Neuroscience Program listing for a description of this major.
     Major in Environmental Studies with a focus in Psychology:See the Environmental Studies Program listing for a description of this major.
     Joint Major in Psychology and Sociology: The Departments of Psychology and Sociology/Anthropology no longer offer a Joint Major in Psychology and Sociology (as of 2011-12).
     Education Studies Minor with a Psychology Major: Up to two of the Psychology courses required for the Education Studies minors may also be counted towards the Psychology major.
     Restrictions Concerning the Transfer of Courses in Fulfillment of the Psychology Major: Effective fall 2007, students may transfer no more than two psychology courses while enrolled as a full time student at Middlebury. Students wishing to obtain approval to transfer more than two courses must petition the department in advance.

PSYC 0105 Introduction to Psychology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will provide a general introduction to the discipline field of psychology. The most central and important theories, concepts, findings, controversies, and applications in the following areas will be considered: biological bases of behavior, learning, perception, thinking, development, personality, abnormality disorders, and social behavior. (Open to Juniors and Seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect./1 hr. disc. SOC (Fall 2013: C. Velez-Blasini, C. Parker, Staff; Spring 2014: M. Collaer, K. Cronise, C. Velez-Blasini)

PSYC 0201 Psychological Statistics (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will examine statistical methods used in the behavioral and biological sciences. Students will learn the logic underlying statistical analysis, focusing primarily on inferential techniques. They also will become familiar with the application and interpretation of statistics in psychological empirical research, including the use of computer software for conducting and interpreting statistical tests analysis. (PSYC 0105; Fall: open to psychology and neuroscience majors and undeclared majors, others by waiver; Spring: open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver. Not open to students who have taken MATH 0116 or ECON 0210) 3 hrs. lect./1.5 hr. lab DED (Fall 2013: M. Collaer, C. Parker; Spring 2014: S. Gurland, M. Stefani)

PSYC 0202 Research Methods in Psychology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course will provide students with an understanding of the research methodology used by psychologists. Students will learn to read psychological studies and other related research as informed consumers. Students will collect, analyze, and interpret data during lab assignments. They will also design an empirical study, review the related literature, and write a formal APA-style research proposal. (PSYC 0105 and PSYC 0201; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors) 3 hrs. lect./1.5 hr. lab CW, DED (Fall 2013: A. DiBianca Fasoli; Spring 2014: J. Arndt, M. McCauley)

PSYC 0203 Social Psychology (Spring 2014)
Social psychology is the study of how social situations affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals. This course will provide an overview of social psychological theory and research findings, as well as reviewing the ways in which these findings are applied to the study of issues such as aggression, close relationships, prejudice, and altruism. Students will also learn about the research methods that social psychologists use to test their theories. (PSYC 0105; open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (S. Baldridge)

PSYC 0204 Personality Psychology (Fall 2013)
This course provides an overview of personality psychology. Several central theories of personality, including psychoanalytic, humanistic, cognitive, trait, behavioristic, and social learning, will be discussed. The course will also emphasize the connection between personality theory and personality research. (PSYC 0105, open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect./ disc. SOC (C. Velez-Blasini)

PSYC 0216 Adolescence (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to provide an overview of adolescent development, including the biological, cognitive, and social transitions of individuals during this period of life. Development also takes place in context, and we will pay particular attention to the role of family, peer group, school, work, and culture. Students will read research literature, as well as cases, in order to examine the central psychological issues of this developmental period, including identity, autonomy, intimacy, sexuality, and achievement. (PSYC 0105; open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. SOC (R. Moeller)

PSYC 0224 Psychological Disorders (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
What makes an individual “abnormal”? Under what circumstances do mental health professionals classify emotions, thoughts, or behaviors as “disordered”? In this course, we will explore these questions with attention to their historical, theoretical, ethical, and diagnostic implications. We will investigate various classes of disorders, like anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders, with a focus on their causes and treatments. Throughout, we will aim to appreciate the complexities and uncertainties surrounding diagnosis, and to recognize and challenge common assumptions about psychological disorders. In addition to lecture, the course will include discussions of current and controversial topics, and occasional demonstrations, analysis of clinical case material, and/or role plays. (PSYC 0105; open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect./ disc. SOC (Fall 2013: S. Gurland; Spring 2014: S. Collado)

PSYC 0225 Child Development (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In this course, we will examine the nature of developmental change from the prenatal period through middle childhood. Our critical examination of developmental processes will invite us to consider various theoretical perspectives (e.g., learning, cognitive, biological, contextual) across various domains of development (i.e., physical, social-emotional, and cognitive). We will address major themes in developmental psychology, such as the interrelatedness of development across domains, the contributions of nature and nurture, and the relative continuity versus discontinuity of developmental change. Throughout, we will practice applying developmental principles to practical settings, policy issues, and topics of current interest. (PSYC 0105; open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (Fall 2013: A. DiBianca Fasoli; Spring 2014: R. Moeller)

PSYC 0233 Environmental Psychology (Spring 2014)
This course will provide an introduction to environmental psychology. We will discuss the relevance of psychology to understanding and addressing environmental problems as well as the potential for the natural environment to serve as a protective factor in our own psychological health. In particular, we will focus on using psychological theory to encourage conservation behavior. We will strive to understand not only the relevant psychological theories and empirical findings, but also the practical implications of the research. (PSYC 0105, or ENVS 0112, or ENVS 0211, or ENVS 0215; open to seniors by waiver only) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (M. McCauley)

PSYC/NSCI 0301 Physiological Psychology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course concerns the biological basis of human behavior. The course will consider the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological bases of processes such as language, sensation, emotion, aggression, sleep, learning, and memory. In the laboratory the student will conduct experiments using standard (surgical, anatomical, biochemical, behavioral) techniques to investigate central nervous system function. (PSYC 0105 or any biology course; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./3 hrs. lab. SCI (Fall 2013: M. Stefani; Spring 2014: K. Cronise, C. Parker)

PSYC/NSCI 0302 Conditioning and Learning (Fall 2013)
This course introduces students to a wide range of scientific theories regarding how animals, including humans, learn about events in the environment and shape their behaviors in response. Students will learn the principles of classical and instrumental conditioning, motivation, cognition, and problem-solving; become familiar with the research supporting these theories; and discuss practical applications to education, psychological disorders, and behavioral therapies. (PSYC 0105; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect. SCI (M. Stefani)

PSYC/NSCI 0305 Cognitive Psychology (Spring 2014)
Questions about the nature of the mind, thinking, and knowledge have a long and rich history in the field of psychology. This course will examine the theoretical perspectives and empirically documented phenomena that inform our current understanding of cognition. Lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and experiments will form the basis for our explorations of cognition in this class. Topics to be considered include attention, perception, memory, knowledge, problem solving, and decision making. (PSYC 0105; PSYC 0201 previously or concurrently; PSYC 0202 recommended; not open to first-year students; open to psychology and neuroscience majors; others by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./1.5 hrs. lab. SCI (J. Arndt)

PSYC/GSFS 0307 Human Sexuality (Fall 2013)
This course will provide an introduction to the biological, psychosocial, behavioral, and cultural aspects of human sexuality. Specifically, the course will cover topics such as the physiology of sexual response, love and the development of sexual relationships, sexual orientation, contraceptive use, and sexually transmitted diseases. Emphasis will be given to discussion of relevant social issues, including sexual harassment, pornography, and cyberspace sexuality. Students will be encouraged to critically evaluate the sexual norms, attitudes, and practices of their own and other cultures. (Two psychology courses; not open to first year students; open to Psychology and GSFS majors) 3 hrs. lect. (S. Baldridge)

PSYC 0312 Play Therapy: Theory and Practice (Fall 2013)
For over fifty years, therapists have been using play to understand and relieve psychological distress in children. Does it work? If so, how and for whom? In this course, we will critically examine the theoretical underpinnings of play therapy, weigh the research evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating a range of diagnoses, and explore issues at the intersection of theory and practice. Our work will be guided by theoretical and empirical texts, as well as videotaped and live play sessions that students will at times observe, conduct, and critique. (PSYC 0105; PSYC 0216 or PSYC 0224 or PSYC 0225; open to psychology majors, others by waiver) 2 hrs. lect., 1.5 hrs. lab. SOC (S. Gurland)

PSYC 0327 Educational Psychology (Spring 2014)
The goal of this course is to introduce students to a psychological understanding of teaching and learning through an overview of principles, issues, and related research in educational psychology. The course will examine theories of learning, complex cognitive processes, cognitive and emotional development, motivation, and the application of these constructs to effective instruction, the design of optimum learning environments, assessment of student learning, and teaching in diverse classrooms. (PSYC 0105 and PSYC 0216 or PSYC 0225, ; not open to first-year students; open to psychology majors, and to education studies minors by waiver) 3 hrs. lect. SOC (R. Moeller)

PSYC 0350 Directed Research in Psychology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Directed research provides opportunities for advanced students to become familiar with and participate in ongoing research projects under the direction of a faculty member. The student will first read background literature on the content area to be investigated and experimental methodologies to be used. Procedures involved in conducting psychological research will then be learned through firsthand experience. Potential activities include the design of research and the defining of conceptual variables and the gathering, analyzing, and interpretation of data. Finally, students will learn how to write technical articles in psychology by preparing a paper describing the project, using APA style. This course does NOT fulfill the 0300-level required elective. (Approval required; not open to first-year students) 3 hrs. lect. (Staff)

PSYC 0403 Human Motivation (Spring 2014)
Why do we throw ourselves into some projects enthusiastically, while only a hefty bribe could induce us to work on others? In this seminar, we will explore the vicissitudes of human motivation across multiple perspectives (e.g., drive, learning, social-cognitive theories), domains of human activity (e.g., academics, athletics), and developmental periods. Through our own observational studies and critical reading of theory and research, we will challenge popular notions of what motivates, examine individual differences in motivation, and complicate our everyday intuitions of how motivation is experienced and measured. (PSYC 0105; open to junior and senior psychology majors only) 3 hrs. sem. (S. Gurland)

PSYC 0405 The Psychology of Racial/Ethnic Minorities (Spring 2014)
This course will explore areas within the field of psychology that relate to the experiences of racial and ethnic groups currently living in the United States. The course is designed to examine psychological perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issues and problems confronted by members of various racial/ethnic minority groups today. We will examine issues related to stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, identity, self-concept, cognitive development, acculturation, assessment, mental health, and public policy as they pertain to U.S. minorities. (PSYC 0105; open to junior and senior psychology majors, or by waiver only) 3 hrs. sem. (C. Velez-Blasini)

PSYC 0416 Environmental Problems and Human Behavior (Fall 2013)
Eco-psychologists believe there is a synergistic relation between our personal well-being and that of the earth. Viewed through this lens, damaging the eco-system is self-destructive behavior. In this course we will examine: (1) the state of the environment, (2) what motivates people to engage in pro-environmental behaviors (or not), and (3) the extent to which our views of self and happiness relate to our attitudes and beliefs about nature and the environment. In order to examine these issues we will investigate psychology's role in consumerism, community, and pro-environmental behaviors such as recycling. By the end of the semester we should be able to offer, based on the psychological research, suggestions for changes we can make as individuals, and as a society, to help protect the environment. (Any three psychology, neuroscience, or environmental studies courses; open to junior and senior psychology, neuroscience, and environmental studies majors; open to education studies minors by waiver; others by waiver) (Not open to students who have taken PSYC 0401). 3 hrs. sem. (M. McCauley)

PSYC 0421 Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents (Fall 2013)
How is psychotherapy carried out with children and adolescents who are so different from adults? What therapeutic approaches meet their emotional, social, and developmental needs? How does a therapist use play and other expressive therapies to help children grow and flourish? In this seminar we will explore the central theories and practices of several therapeutic approaches using the research and clinical literature and clinical materials (e.g. case discussions, videotaped therapy sessions, artwork, narratives). Evaluation will be based on student led-discussions, group presentations, and research and reaction papers. (PSYC 0105; open to junior and senior psychology majors only) 3 hrs. sem. (L. Basili)

PSYC/NSCI 0433 Neurobiology of Memory and Cognition (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the neurobiological mechanisms that allow animals, humans included, to store, process and recall information used to guide behavior. We will discuss topics that include cellular and chemical mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, network theories of brain function, cognitive enhancement, and the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Through reading and discussion of review articles and the primary scientific literature, students will gain an in-depth understanding of how neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology translate into behavior and complex cognitive abilities. (PSYC 0301 or by waiver; open to junior and senior psychology and neuroscience majors only) 3 hrs. sem. (M. Stefani)

PSYC 0440 Health Psychology (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore contributions of psychological research and theory to the treatment, management, and prevention of illness, as well as the promotion of health. Students will consider how the psychological study of health has led to new insights of mind-body connections. We will primarily focus on health issues in the United States, but we will also explore health in a global context. Course readings and activities will focus on such topics as HIV/AIDS, obesity, stress management, and health promotion behaviors. Students will choose a health promotion topic that will be pursued in greater detail throughout the course, and present their work in class.  (Open to junior and senior psychology majors, others by approval) 3 hrs. sem. SOC (R. Moeller)

PSYC 0500 Advanced Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A program of research arranged to meet the needs of advanced students majoring in psychology. (Approval required) (Staff)

PSYC 0700 Senior Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A program of research arranged to meet the needs of advanced senior majors in psychology. (PSYC 0201 and PSYC 0202; Approval required) (Staff)

PSYC 0701 Senior Thesis Proposal (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students hoping to be considered as candidates for departmental honors must enroll in PSYC 0701 under the sponsorship of a department faculty member and submit a formal, written research proposal to the department by 5 p.m. on the Wednesday during the final week of fall classes in their senior year. If the proposal is approved, the student will enroll in PSYC 0702 during the winter term and PSYC 0703 during the spring term of their senior year. (Feb graduates should consult with their advisors about the appropriate semester in which to begin a thesis.) (PSYC 0201 and PSYC 0202; Approval required) (Staff)

PSYC 0702 Senior Thesis Second Semester (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Students whose honors thesis proposal (PSYC 0701) has been approved will collect, analyze, and interpret their data. This is the second semester of the 3-semester senior thesis. (PSYC 0201, PSYC 0202, and PSYC 0701; Approval required) (Staff)

PSYC 0703 Senior Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This is the third and final semester of the senior thesis. Students will finish analyzing, and interpreting their data. This process culminates in a written thesis to be submitted by 5 p.m. on the Monday BEFORE the final week of spring classes, a presentation, and an oral defense. The decision about awarding departmental honors will be made after the student submits the thesis. (PSYC 0201, PSYC 0202, and PSYC 0702; Approval required) (Staff)

Religion
Requirements for the major (11 courses): (For students declaring a Religion Major beginning with the Spring 2011 semester) The Religion major allows students to concentrate in particular Traditions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, or Judaism) and/or Areas (American Religion or Ethics). The major will consist of at least eleven courses, including no more than one winter term course, distributed as follows:

• a primary concentration of four courses in a specific Tradition or Area. These courses will include a 0100-level course and a 0300-level seminar that focus in that tradition/area.
• a secondary concentration of three courses in a specific Tradition or Area. These courses will include a 0100-level course and a 0300-level seminar that focus in that tradition/area.
• Two electives.
• RELI 0400, Seminar on the Study of Religion
• a Senior Project or Thesis (RELI 0700/0701). Normally senior work will relate to the major’s primary concentration of study.

Important Notes:
(1.) Majors must take at least one course in Western Traditions (Christianity, Judaism, or Islam) and one course in Asian Religions (e.g., Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism). These courses may be used toward the primary or secondary concentration, or they may be electives.
(2.) At least one of the two concentrations in a Religion major must focus on a Tradition. The other may focus on a second Tradition or an Area.
     Students should consult closely with faculty advisors to determine which courses in the department satisfy a given concentration. The chair of the department, in consultation with the student’s advisor, will determine how transfer credits and courses taken during study abroad will be applied toward departmental requirements.
     Joint major: Please note: the chair of the department must approve each joint major proposal.
For the Religion component of a joint major, a student will complete seven courses:

• A primary concentration of four courses in one Tradition or Area. These courses will include a 0100-level course and a 0300-level seminar that focus in that tradition/area.
• A secondary concentration of two courses in another Tradition or Area
• RELI 0400

     In addition, the student will complete a senior Project or Thesis that utilizes the expertise of both majors.
     Religion Minor: The Religion minor will consist of at least five courses, three of which will focus in a single Tradition or Area. One of the courses in the focus must be a 0300-level seminar.
     The Minor in Jewish Studies: Refer to Jewish Studies for description, or if searching the online catalog, please refer to Interdisciplinary Programs.
     The Minor in Hebrew: Refer to Hebrew in the Course Catalog for description, or if searching the on-line catalog, please refer to Interdisciplinary Programs.    
     Departmental Honors: Graduation with departmental honors requires at least a B+ in courses counted toward the major. Students who meet this threshold and receive an A- or A on their senior project will be awarded Honors. Students who meet the course grade threshold and write a thesis will be eligible for Honors if the thesis grade is at least a B+, and High Honors if the thesis grade is an A- or A. Highest Honors will be reserved for students who earn at least an A- in courses counted toward the major and an A on the thesis.
     OLD Requirements for the major: (an option for students who declared before February 1, 2011) Students must take a minimum of eleven fall or spring courses. The major is designed to provide depth and breadth in, as well as systematic reflection upon, the study of religion. To facilitate this, religion courses are required from three Categories: A.) Western traditions (i.e., Judaism, Christianity, and Islam); B.) Asian traditions (e.g., Buddhism and Taoism); and C.) Areas (i.e., American religion, Ethics, and the study of Sacred Texts). Note that although some courses could fall into two categories, no single course will fulfill more than one requirement for a particular student. Courses are keyed as follows:

AR = American Religions
AT = Asian Traditions
ET = Ethics
ST = Sacred Texts
WT = Western Traditions
 Requirements for the major may be calculated following the simple formula: 5-4-3-2-1.

     5. To provide depth to their study in religion, students will have a major concentration of five courses in one of the Categories listed above. This concentration will include at least one 0300-level seminar and a senior Project (RELI 0601). A student may choose to develop the senior project into a year-long senior thesis (RELI 0700) in consultation with his or her advisor. Note: Students fulfilling their major concentration in an Area listed in Category C must take all five courses within that specific area (i.e., five courses either in American Religion, in Ethics, or in the study of Sacred Texts).
     4. To provide sustained, systematic reflection on the academic study of religion, students will take RELI 0400, preferably during their junior year.
     3. To provide breadth and depth, students will have a minor concentration of three courses in a second of the Categories listed above. Note: Students fulfilling their minor concentration in an Area listed in Category C must take all three courses within that specific area (i.e., three courses in American Religion, or in Ethics, or in the study of Sacred Texts).
     2. To provide breadth, students will take two courses in the third Category (i.e., the Category not fulfilling either #5 or #3).
     1. Students must take at least one 0100-level introductory course in an Asian and one in a Western tradition. These courses may also fulfill the other major requirements outlined above.
     The Chair of the Department, in consultation with the student's advisor, will determine how transfer credits and courses taken during study abroad will be applied toward Departmental requirements.
     Joint major: For the Religion component of a joint major, students will complete seven Religion courses plus a senior project (RELI 0700) which utilizes the training and content of both fields. These seven courses include: 4. RELI 0400. 3. A concentration of three courses in one of the Categories (including at least one 0300-level seminar). Note: Students fulfilling this concentration in an Area must take all three courses within that specific area (e.g., in American Religion, or in Ethics or in the study of Sacred Texts). 2. A minor concentration of two courses in a second category. 1. An elective of one course in the third and last category.
     Religion Minor: The religion minor consists of at least five courses. Students should have a concentration of three courses (including at least one 0300-level seminar) in one of the categories listed above. Students concentrating their minor in an Area must take all three courses within that specific area (e.g., Ethics).
     Departmental Honors: Graduation with departmental honors requires at least a B+ on the senior project and a B+ average in courses counted toward the major. Only students who have completed a thesis are eligible for highest honors, which requires an A on the thesis and at least a B+ average in other courses counted toward the major. 

RELI 0121 Buddhist Traditions in India AT (Spring 2014)
An introduction to the development of Indian Buddhist thought, practice, and institutions. The course will begin with an examination of the life of the Buddha and the formation of the early tradition. It will then explore developments from early Nikaya Buddhism, through the rise of the Mahayana, and culminating in Tantric Buddhism. Attention will be given throughout to parallel evolutions of doctrine, practice, and the path to Nirvana. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, PHL (W. Waldron)

RELI 0140 Hindu Traditions of India AT (Fall 2013)
In this course we will identify and examine key themes and issues in the study of Hindu religious traditions in India, beginning with the defining of the terms Hinduism, religions, and religious. We will primarily focus on the ways Hindu religious traditions—texts, narratives, and practices—are performed, received, and experienced in India. Essential aspects of Hindu religious traditions will be examined, including: key concepts (darsan, dharma, karma and caste), key texts (the Bhagavad Gita and the Ramayana), and major religious deities (Shiva, Devi and Vishnu). The course will also cover contemporary Hindu-Muslim encounters, and the emerging shape of Hinduism in the American diaspora. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. AAL, PHL (H. Kamath)

RELI 0150 Introduction to Islam WT (Fall 2013)
What is Islam? Is it a religion, a way of life, a civilization, or a political ideology? Was Muhammad a political leader, a warrior, or an ascetic? What is the Qur’an? How did it develop as a sacred text and how does it compare to the Bible? This course is designed to provide a platform for us to explore such questions by focusing on historical, social, and intellectual developments in the wide swath of land known as the Muslim world. Special attention will be given to early developments of the Islamic community as well as the later response of different Muslim communities to modernity. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. AAL, PHL (A. Anzali)

RELI 0161 The Making of Modern Jewish Life (Fall 2013)
Jewish life in the 21^st century is radically transformed from a century ago. We will explore these transformations through the thinkers, movements, and events that have shaped Jewish life in our day: the emergence of religious denominations in Europe and North America (Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, Reconstructionist), the revival of Kabbalah in our times, the Holocaust as a crisis in religious thought, the eruption of Zionism and founding the State of Israel, the transformations brought about the changing role of women, and finally, post-denominationalism and “the un-Jewish Jew.” 3 hrs.lect./disc. PHL (R. Schine)

RELI 0170/HIST 0228 Religion in America AR (Fall 2013)
America often has been defined paradoxically as both the "most religious" and "least religious" of nations. This course, a historical survey of American religious life, will trace the unique story of American religion from colonial times to the present. Guiding our exploration will be the ideas of "contact," "conflict," and "combination." Along the way, we will examine the varieties of religious experiences and traditions that have shaped and been shaped by American culture such as, Native American traditions, Puritan life and thought, evangelicalism, immigration, African-American religious experience, women's movements, and the on-going challenges of religious diversity. Readings include sermons, essays, diaries and fiction, as well as secondary source material. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. HIS, NOR, PHL (B. Rochford)

RELI/ENAM 0180 An Introduction to Biblical Literature ST, WT (Spring 2014)
This course is a general introduction to biblical history, literature, and interpretation. It aims to acquaint students with the major characters, narratives, and poetry of the Jewish and Christian scriptures, with special emphasis on the ways scripture has been used and interpreted in Western culture. Students interested in more detailed analysis of the material should enroll in RELI 0280 and RELI 0281. 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. LIT, PHL (L. Yarbrough)

RELI/SOAN 0208 The Sociology of American Religion AR (Spring 2014)
The course focuses on classical and contemporary issues in the sociology of religion. We begin with definitional debates about what religion is and the strengths and limitations of a social science of religion. We then consider issues of religious commitment and conversion; the changing role and influence of religion in contemporary society (i.e., secularization theory); change in religious communities; American religious history; women, family, and religious life; and the emergence of new religious movements. Throughout the course we read ethnographic and historical studies of various religious organizations and communities (e.g., American Protestantism, the Amish, Catholicism, Hare Krishna, Shakers, Oneida, Mormons). 3 hrs. lect./disc. NOR, PHL, SOC (B. Rochford)

RELI 0236 Byzantium & the Tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church ST, WT (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to Orthodox Christianity as reflected in the Greek, Slavic, and Near Eastern churches. We will examine the origins of the Orthodox tradition in the early Church, its centrality in the Byzantine empire, and the division between East and West. We will study key doctrinal and theological issues such as Christology and Incarnation, the Holy Trinity and the Theotokos (Mother of God), and the divine potential of human nature. We will also look at the liturgical experience that defines Orthodoxy as a living tradition, including the veneration of icons, the role of saints and monasticism, the significance of prayer and the sacraments. Readings include both church Fathers and mystics, as well as modern theologians and philosophers. 3 hrs. lect./disc. EUR, PHL (M. Hatjigeorgiou)

RELI/CMLT 0238 Literature and the Mystical Experience (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore how narrative art articulates spiritual perception by examining selected works of 20th century writers such as Miguel De Unamuno, Nikos Kazantzakis, J. D. Salinger, Charles Williams, Flannery O'Connor, Thomas Merton, Alice Munroe, Marilynne Robinson, and Annie Dillard. Drawing on theology and philosophy as an interpretative mode, we will consider the following questions: How does literature illuminate selfhood and interiority? How do contemplation and ascetic practice guide the self to divine knowledge and cosmic unification? How do language, imagery and symbols shape the unitive experience as a tool for empathy and understanding of the other? 3 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. LIT, NOR, PHL (M. Hatjigeorgiou)

RELI/DANC 0242 Dance & Embodied Knowledge in the Indian Context (Fall 2013)
In this theory-practice course in religion, dance, and South Asian studies we will analyze the nature of embodied knowledge and the creative power of performance in the Indian context. During two class sessions per week we will contextualize embodied movement with discussions of Hindu mythology, Hindu devotionalism (bhakti), Sanskrit aesthetic theory (rasa), western performance theories, and Indian classical dance history. One class session per week will be devoted to learning basic movements in south Indian classical dance, culminating in an informal performance of one dance piece. We will highlight the different ways in which the body and dance are perceived in religious mythology, aesthetic theory, historical context, and dance movement. No dance experience required. 2 hrs. lect./disc., 1 hr. dance AAL, ART, PHL (H. Kamath)

RELI 0254 Islam in South Asia AT (Spring 2014)
Islam has played a significant role in shaping the culture and politics of the Indian subcontinent, from the seventh century to the present. Muslims are the largest religious minority in India, and Pakistan and Bangladesh were formed as independent states for the Muslim populations of British India. In this course we will consider the socio-cultural, religious and political impact of Islam on South Asia. We will pay particular attention to the influence of Sufism on South Asian literary and religious traditions, Islamic reform movements in colonial India, and the place of Islamic law in the secular Indian state. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, HIS, PHL (H. Kamath)

RELI 0257 Shi’i Islam (Spring 2014)
What is Shi’i Islam? How is it different from Sunni Islam? Is Shi’ism an ideology of revolt or an esoteric cult? What does it even mean to ask such a question? We will delve into the early history of the Muslim community to understand the contested ways in which religious authority, knowledge, and charisma were interpreted by different parties. We will read from classical primary sources about the Shi’a creed and compare and contrast it to the Sunni perspective. Finally, we will explore the many ways in which Shi’ite communities across the Muslim world have responded to the challenge of modernities, nationalisms, and their persecution as minorities. 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, PHL (A. Anzali)

RELI 0258 Muhammad and the Qur’an WT (Fall 2013)
How was the Qur’an compiled, and who was involved in that process? What does the Qur’an say about Muhammad and the early community of believers? Why is it so difficult to approach? While considering the answers to these questions, we will explore the socio-cultural context in which the Qur’an was revealed and its similarities and differences with the Bible. We will also discuss major themes and concepts of the Qur’an and the various ways they have been interpreted by different Muslim communities throughout history.  3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, PHL (A. Anzali)

RELI 0262 The Formation of Judaism in Antiquity ST, WT (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
In 586 BCE, Judah fell to Babylonia; in 638 CE, Byzantine Jerusalem surrendered to the Muslims. During the centuries between these two important dates, Israelite culture transformed into "Judaism." In this course we will examine early Jewish society from a variety of topical perspectives. We will consider Hellenistic novellas and canonical works; see Jewish culture through the eyes of Greeks and Romans; consider sectarian movements, such as Samaritans, Essenes, and early Christian communities; discover the origins and art of the early synagogue; and learn about Judaism as it was lived by Jews throughout the ancient world. (Previously RELI/CLAS 0162) 3hr. lect. AAL, HIS, PHL (L. Yarbrough)

RELI/ENAM 0279 The Bible and American Literature AR, WT (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study American literary responses to the spiritual and social demands of Christianity as expressed in select Biblical passages and narratives. We will examine how writers of different times and regions responded to this tradition, raising and exploring such questions as: How is Christian conduct to be defined in a political democracy? In an increasingly secular society, can a life lived “in imitation of Christ” result in more than victimization? How can a minister, serving a worldly congregation, know the degree to which his words are sacred or profane? Writers will include Stowe, Melville, Eliot, West, Baldwin, and Robinson. 3 hrs. lect./disc. LIT, NOR, PHL (J. McWilliams)

RELI 0281 Studies in the New Testament ST, WT (Fall 2013)
In this introductory course we will examine the early Christian writings that were eventually collected and canonized as “The New Testament.” In studying these works, we will also read representative books that were not included in the canon, with a view to seeing how the New Testament is situated in the diversity and complexity of the early Christian movement. Among the topics we will explore are the uses of Jewish scriptures in early Christian literature, the formation of early Christian groups (including the roles of women), early Christian beliefs and practices related to Jesus, and relations between Christian groups and the larger Greco-Roman world. 3 hrs. lect./disc. HIS, PHL (L. Yarbrough)

RELI 0298 Privilege and Poverty: An Interdisciplinary Study of Economic Inequality (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will employ the tools of economics, history, sociology, philosophy, and theology to study domestic and global economic inequality. The first question we will consider is descriptive: what are the causes of economic inequality? The second question we will entertain is normative: how should an ethical society respond to the reality of economic inequality? Readings will be drawn from current literature as well as classic texts, including thinkers like Adam Smith, J.S. Mill, Walter Rauschenbusch, Jane Addams, Reinhold Niebuhr, Cornel West, John Rawls, Robert Nozick, and Amartya Sen. 3 hrs. sem. PHL, SOC (J. Davis)

RELI/SOAN 0303 Cults and New Religions AR, AT (Fall 2013)
Religious outsiders have been persistent yet controversial. Mystics and messiahs preaching a variety of radical beliefs and ways of life have provoked strong responses from mainline traditions as well as from publics concerned about the "cult" menace. Yet new religions have also been a source of religious experimentation and revival. In this course we will explore the unique characteristics of new religions, the historical circumstances that give rise to them, who join and why, the societal reaction they generate, questions of authority and leadership, violence, and the factors that influence their success, decline and failure. A variety of new religions from North America and the West, as well as from Japan and China, will be considered. These may include the Shakers, the People's Temple, Hare Krishna, Soka Gakkai, the Children of God/Family, Solar Temple, Aum Shinrikyo, Falun Gong, the Branch Davidians, and the Raelians. 3 hrs. sem. CMP, PHL, SOC (B. Rochford)

RELI/GSFS 0341 Gender and Sexuality in South Asian Religions (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on historical and ethnographic scholarship on Hinduism and Islam in South Asia. We will initially draw on the theories of Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, and third world feminists to examine issues of gender and sexuality. Then we will examine a range of case studies—including colonial interpretations of the Hindu practices of sati, the experiences of devadasis in Telugu south India, an account of a female Muslim healer in Hyderabad, and the religious practices of third-gendered hijras—to address how gender and sexuality are constructed in the religious landscape of South Asian Hinduism and Islam. Prior study of religion or women’s and gender studies is required. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, PHL (H. Kamath)

RELI 0350 Sufism: The Mystical Tradition of Islam (Spring 2014)
In this seminar, we will start our adventure in the Sufi world by focusing on the historical and religious contexts in which the mystical tradition of Islam developed during the early Islamic centuries. We will then turn to the so-called classical period focusing on the institutionalization of Sufism, major themes of the classical Sufi literature; fundamental teachings and practices of Sufis; and important figures like Rumi, Ibn Arabi, and Hafez. Finally, we will move to the modern period to discuss the ways in which the Sufi tradition has been re-interpreted, contested, or transformed throughout the Muslim world in response to the challenges of modernity. In all this, our main concern will be to develop an understanding of the mystical perspective that has influenced the outlook of much of the world's diverse Muslim population. Requires familiarity with the Islamic tradition. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, PHL (A. Anzali)

RELI 0396 War and Peace in Christian Thought ET, WT (Fall 2013)
Both pacifism and just war thinking have deep roots in the Christian tradition. Important figures in Christian history have argued that in certain circumstances war may be a regrettable but justifiable engagement, while others have maintained that killing of any kind, even in the name of the state, is wrong. This seminar will look at the historical development of both approaches to war and peace in Christian thought, from the early church to the present day. Figures and movements we will encounter will include Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, John Calvin, the Quakers, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Martin Luther King. 3 hrs. sem. (RELI 0130, RELI 0190, or by approval) HIS, PHL (J. Davis)

RELI 0400 Seminar on the Study of Religion (Spring 2014)
This seminar for advanced religion majors examines important and influential theories and methods in the study of religion. (Open to junior and senior religion majors or by waiver.) 3 hrs. sem. (W. Waldron)

RELI 0500 Independent Research (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

RELI 0700 Senior Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

RELI 0701 Senior Research for Honors Candidates (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

Russian
Major Requirements: Normally, majors must complete second-year Russian, RUSS 0122, RUSS 0151, four other courses, including at least one mainstream course in Russia, and a senior seminar. (HIST 0247 and HIST 0248 may be substituted for RUSS 0122.) Each student's program is planned individually with the department chair. Students planning careers in government, business, or law are advised to consider a major in the Russian and East European studies track of the International and Global Studies program. Russian majors also frequently combine their language study with a minor in economics, geography, history, or political science, or do a joint or double major with one of these subjects. Majors planning teaching careers should study a second language, preferably through at least the third-year level, and should consult members of the education studies faculty regarding certification.
     Departmental Honors: Majors with a B+ average in Russian courses and a B average overall are encouraged to prepare an honors thesis, the final copy of which is due April 20 of the year of graduation. Departmental honors are determined by a combination of thesis grade and grade point average in courses taken in the Russian Department, the Russian School and Middlebury's programs in Russia. Highest honors will be awarded for a GPA of 3.75 plus A on the thesis; high honors will be awarded for a GPA of 3.5 and A- or better on the thesis, and honors will be awarded for a GPA of 3.35 and a grade of B+ or better on the thesis.
     Minors: The Russian department offers two minor programs: The Russian language minor includes RUSS 0101, RUSS 0103, RUSS 0201, RUSS 0202, RUSS 0311 and RUSS 0312. The Russian literature and culture minor includes any two of RUSS 0122, RUSS 0151, RUSS 0152, RUSS/FMMC 0245, and three of the following: RUSS 0351, RUSS 0352, RUSS 0354, and RUSS/ENAM 0359. A first-year seminar may, on occasion, be substituted for one of these courses.
     Junior Year in Russia: All majors and language minors are encouraged to study for a year in Russia. Middlebury's programs at Irkutsk State University, Russian State University for the Humanities in Moscow, and Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University are open to juniors who have completed 0300-level Russian. Students in Moscow may also enroll in courses at the Shchukin Theater Institute and the Higher School of Economics. Students are strongly encouraged to spend a summer in the Kathryn Wasserman Davis School of Russian on the Middlebury College campus before studying abroad in Russia. Students who have completed only 0200-level Russian must spend the fall semester at Yaroslavl. In their first semester, all students will take conversation, composition, and culture/civilization courses organized exclusively for our students; students who have completed third-year-level Russian will also take one mainstream course with Russian students, selected from the full university curriculum. In the second semester, students who have not yet taken a mainstream course will take one, and students who have already taken one will take two or more, in addition to the courses organized for Middlebury. Majors are expected to take at least one mainstream course while in Russia. Students unable to attend for a full year may study in Russia for one semester, preferably in the fall. The following courses are among those offered at our programs in Russia in recent years. While we cannot guarantee that each of these courses will be available on a regular basis, they are representative of the kinds of offerings students may expect:

In Irkutsk:
Russian Literature of the Nineteenth Century
Language of the Mass Media
Scientific Texts
History of Russia 1917-1970 Through Film
Siberian Culture and Ethnic Groups

In Moscow:
Russian Folklore
History of Economics
Nationalities and Contemporary Political Problems
The Language of Russian Business
Russian Civilization and Culture: Art, Architecture, and Music
Stage Speech (at the Shchukin Theater Institute)
Strategies against Corruption (at the Higher School of Economics)

In Yaroslavl:
History of Russia, Tenth - Seventeenth Centuries
Modern Russian History and Contemporary Politics
Readings in Russian Literature
Russian Prose Translation
Russian Civilization and Culture: Art, Architecture, and Music

RUSS 0101 Beginning Russian (Fall 2013)
This course is an approach to the language using four skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). It provides a firm control of the sound system and the structure of Russian. Although much emphasis is put on the spoken colloquial language, reading, writing, and a conscious understanding of the fundamentals of grammar prepare a strong foundation for work in advanced courses or for reading in specialized fields. 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. drill. LNG (T. Portice)

RUSS 0103 Beginning Russian (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of the approach used in RUSS 0102, but with increased emphasis on reading. (RUSS 0102) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. drill. LNG (T. Smorodinska)

RUSS 0122 The Russian Mind (in English) (Spring 2014)
In this course we will study the dominant themes of Russia's past and their role in shaping the present-day Russian mind. Topics will include: Slavic mythology; Russian Orthodoxy; Russian icons; the concept of autocracy; the legacy of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great; the Golden Age of Russian Literature (Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky); Russian composers, including the "Mighty Five"; Russian theater and ballet; the origins of Russian radicalism; the Russian Revolution; the legacy of Lenin and Stalin; and Russia from Khrushchev to Putin. 3 hrs. lect. AAL, HIS, LIT (T. Portice)

RUSS 0151 Russian Literature's Golden Age: 1830-1880 (in English) (Fall 2013)
Duels, ghosts, utopias, murders, prostitution, and adultery- these are the raw materials Russian authors turned into some of the world's greatest literature. This course is an introduction to Russian literature of the 19th century, from the short stories of Pushkin and Gogol to the great novels of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. The centrality of literature in Russian society and the interrelations among the authors and texts will be discussed. How do the authors combine reality, fantasy, and philosophy to make these works both uniquely Russian and universal? 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LIT (N. Wieda)

RUSS 0201 Intermediate Russian (Fall 2013)
Systematic review of grammar and development of the spoken and written skills attained in Beginning Russian. (RUSS 0103 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. drill LNG (T. Smorodinska)

RUSS 0202 Intermediate Russian (Spring 2014)
Continuation of the approach used in RUSS 0201. Reading of contemporary Russian texts, conversation, and written assignments in Russian based on reading assignments. (RUSS 0201 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect., 3 hrs. drill LNG (N. Wieda)

RUSS 0311 Russian Culture and Civilization I (Fall 2013)
This course offers a bilingual approach to the study of Russian culture from its origins to the mid-nineteenth century. Works of literature, art, and music will be examined in their historical context. Particular emphasis will be devoted to the improvement of oral and written skills. (RUSS 0202 or equivalent) (formerly RUSS 0411) 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LIT, LNG (N. Wieda)

RUSS 0312 Russian Culture and Civilization II (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of RUSS 0311 but may be taken independently. It offers a bilingual approach to the study of Russian culture from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present. Works of literature, art, and music will be examined in their historical and political context. Particular attention will be devoted to the improvement of oral and written skills. (RUSS 0202 or equivalent) (formerly RUSS 0412) 3 hrs. lect. EUR, LIT, LNG (T. Smorodinska)

RUSS 0500 Advanced Studies in Language and Literature (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Supervised individual study for highly qualified students. (Approval required) (Staff)

RUSS 0700 Senior Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

RUSS 0704 Senior Seminar (in Russian) (Fall 2013)
This seminar topic changes every year. Recent seminar titles have included Research, Recast, Relay, The History of Russian Poetry, and Russian Drama. This course will provide students with the skills to identify and utilize Russian sources, provide professional quality written summaries and analyses, make oral presentations in Russian, and produce a substantial written assignment and project. (Senior Majors) 3 hrs. sem. (T. Beyer)

Sociology & Anthropology
Required for the Major in Sociology/Anthropology: A minimum of 10 courses will constitute the major; at least eight of these courses (and all the core courses listed in the tracks below) must be fall and spring courses taught at Middlebury (e.g., not winter term courses or transfer credits). No more than two electives may be introductory 0100-level courses. We strongly recommend that students planning a study abroad experience take at least one area studies course. Students must complete a methods course (SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302) before they begin either SOAN 0700 or SOAN 0710 in order to prepare for this senior research and writing project.

There are three tracks a student may choose from:
Track 1: Sociology/Anthropology consists of SOAN 0103, SOAN 0105, SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302, and SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306. Students must also take a 0400-level seminar and complete a senior project (SOAN 0700 or SOAN 0710), and these requirements may be in either sociology or anthropology. In addition, each sociology/anthropology track major will take four electives in the department.
Track 2: Anthropology consists of SOAN 0103, either SOAN 0301 or 0302, SOAN 0306, a 0400-level anthropology seminar and a senior project (SOAN 0700 or 0710). In addition, anthropology track majors will take five electives in the department, of which at least four must be anthropology, and of which at least one must be in archaeology or linguistic anthropology.
Track 3: Sociology consists of SOAN 0105, either SOAN 0301 or 0302, SOAN 0305, a 0400-level sociology seminar and a senior project (SOAN 0700 or 0710). In addition, sociology track majors will take five electives in the department, of which at least four must be sociology.

     Joint Majors in Sociology/Anthropology and Environmental Studies-Human Ecology: This focus requires eight or nine courses depending on senior work: SOAN 0103; SOAN 0105; SOAN 0211; SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302; SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306; two electives related to the topic of human ecology (to be selected in consultation with your advisor) from among sociology/anthropology offerings, or PSYC 0233, or PSYC 0401. In addition, students will take either SOAN 0700 or SOAN 0710. This focus qualifies students for joint major status. No more than one course may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., as a winter term course or transfer credit).
     Joint Majors with other departments: Students wishing to do a joint major with another department or program must complete the following sociology/anthropology courses: SOAN 0103, SOAN 0105, SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302, SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306, SOAN 0700 or SOAN 0710 and two electives. No more than one course may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., as a winter term course or transfer credit). Any departures from this program must be approved by the department chair.
The Departments of Sociology/Anthropology and Psychology no longer offer a Joint Major in Sociology and Psychology.
     International and Global Studies Major: To specialize in sociology/anthropology within the International and Global Studies major, students must take: SOAN 0103, SOAN 0105, SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306, plus three other sociology/anthropology electives. Students who plan to write an IGST senior thesis must complete either SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302 as one of these electives before starting the thesis.
     Sociology Minor: SOAN 0105 and four elective courses in SOAN, no more than one of which can be at the 0100-level and no more than one of which can be an anthropology course. No courses may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., no winter term courses or transfer credits).
     Anthropology Minor: SOAN 0103 and four elective courses in SOAN, no more than two of which can be at the 0100-level and no more than one of which can be a sociology course. No courses may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., no winter term courses or transfer credits).
     Senior Project in Sociology/Anthropology: Each student must complete an independent research project of at least one semester. The senior program typically consists of either a one-semester senior project (SOAN 0700, one credit, usually 25-40 pages) or a two-semester senior project (SOAN 0710, two credits, usually 60-100 pages). Students who wish to work on a project for more than one semester must present their progress for review by two professors who will decide whether the project qualifies for extended study. A one-semester project can be either in the fall or spring semesters; a two-semester project is usually in the fall and winter semesters or in the winter and spring semesters. Variation from these patterns is possible by permission from the department. A mandatory non-credit senior seminar for both SOAN 0700 and SOAN 0710 begins the first week of fall semester and meets as necessary during the rest of the year. Senior project requirements for joint majors and other special circumstances will be approved in consultation with both departments.
     A SOAN 0700 project qualifies for honors after both the project adviser and a second reader from the SOAN faculty agree that it deserves an A- or an A. A SOAN 0710 project qualifies for honors after an oral defense with the project advisor, a second reader from within the sociology/anthropology department, and (optional) a third reader from another part of the College or the local community. If this committee agrees that the SOAN 0710 project deserves a B+, the student receives honors; if the grade is A-, the student receives high honors; and if the grade is A, the student receives highest honors.
     Departmental Honors: To receive honors, students must a) achieve a minimum of a B average in all sociology/anthropology courses and b) achieve an A or A- for their one-semester project (SOAN 0700), or an A, A- or B+ for their two-semester project (SOAN 0710).

SOAN 0103 Selected Topics in Sociocultural Anthropology (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course introduces students to the varieties of human experience in social life and to the differing approaches and levels of analysis used by anthropologists to explain it. Topics include: culture and race, rituals and symbolism, kinship and gender roles, social evolution, political economy, and sociolinguistics. Ethnographic examples are drawn chiefly from non-Western societies, from simple bands to great agrarian states. The ultimate aim is to enable students to think critically about the bases of their own culture and about practices and beliefs previously unanalyzed and unexamined. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc., 2 hrs. screen (Anthropology) CMP, SOC (Fall 2013: E. Oxfeld; Spring 2014: M. Sheridan)

SOAN 0105 Society and the Individual (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course examines the ideas and enduring contributions of the giants of modern social theory, including Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Sigmund Freud. Readings will include selections from original works, as well as contemporary essays. Key issues will include the nature of modernity, the direction of social change, and the role of human agency in constructing the "good society." This course serves as a general introduction to sociology. (Not open to second semester juniors or seniors without approval) 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (Sociology) SOC (Fall 2013: L. Owens; Spring 2014: J. McCallum)

SOAN 0107 Introduction to Archaeology (Fall 2013)
Archaeology is the scientific analysis and interpretation of cultural remains. Archaeologists examine artifacts, architecture, and even human remains in order to answer questions about the growth and development of societies worldwide. In addressing these issues we not only illuminate the past but also explore patterns relevant to contemporary social concerns. From the tropical lowlands of Central America to the deserts of ancient Egypt, this course provides an introduction to world prehistory. We proceed from humanity's earliest beginnings to the development of complex societies worldwide and use case examples to explore the major topics, methods, and theories of contemporary archaeology. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab. (Anthropology) HIS, SOC (J. Fitzsimmons)

SOAN/JAPN 0110 Current Social Issues in Japan (Fall 2013)
In this course we will use ethnography, fiction, and historical studies to examine some of the underlying themes of Japanese culture. Japan is a highly developed, post-industrial society renowned across the globe for economic success in the post-World War II period. What historical and social factors have shaped Japan’s contemporary culture, and how have interactions with other countries influenced Japanese society? We will study a number of different spheres of Japanese life including the family and the workplace to better understand contemporary society. We will pay special attention to Japan’s global position and its relationship to the United States. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) AAL, SOC (L. White)

SOAN 0159 Human Origins, Culture, and Biodiversity (Spring 2014)
This course will provide an overview of the field of physical anthropology. The topics to be addressed include the mechanisms of genetics and evolution, human variability and adaptation, our primate relatives and fossil ancestors (hominins), as well as bioarchaeology. Through a combination of lectures and discussions, we will explore human origins and the overall development of the species through time. Likewise, we will look at how language, art, and religion emerge as well as the interplay between environment and biology in human evolution. The course finishes by examining contemporary issues in human biodiversity, from molecular genetics and biotechnology to problematic categories like race, gender, and sexuality. 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. lab. (Anthropology) SOC (J. Fitzsimmons)

SOAN/GSFS 0191 Introduction to Sociology of Gender (Fall 2013)
What is gender and what would a sociology of it look like? When did gender become a category of inquiry and more importantly why? We will look at how the meaning and performance of gender changed over time, from Classical Greece to Victorian England, to the contemporary U.S. We will also look at how gender changes depending on one’s position in social space, e.g. one’s race, class, sexuality, and nationality. Finally, we will consider how the need to look at gender is the result of a variety of discourses, from psychoanalysis to capitalism to movements of liberation such as feminism. 3 hrs. lect. (Sociology) CMP, SOC (L. Essig)

SOAN 0201 Sociology of Labor and Labor Movements (Fall 2013)
In this class we will survey the sociological literature on labor and labor movements in America and around the world. We will raise questions related to the organization and transformation of work, the making of class society, trade unionism and other class-based organizing, and the impact of globalization on labor organizations. Exploration of these key themes will happen through an analysis of classic and contemporary texts, as well as fiction and film. This is a seminar-style course with opportunities for students to lead class discussions and debates. 3 hrs. lect. (Sociology) CW (5 spaces), SOC (J. McCallum)

SOAN/RELI 0208 The Sociology of American Religion (Spring 2014)
The course focuses on classical and contemporary issues in the sociology of religion. We begin with definitional debates about what religion is and the strengths and limitations of a social science of religion. We then consider issues of religious commitment and conversion; the changing role and influence of religion in contemporary society (i.e., secularization theory); change in religious communities; American religious history; women, family, and religious life; and the emergence of new religious movements. Throughout the course we read ethnographic and historical studies of various religious organizations and communities (e.g., American Protestantism, the Amish, Catholicism, Hare Krishna, Shakers, Oneida, Mormons). 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) NOR, PHL, SOC (B. Rochford)

SOAN/ENVS 0210 Social Class and the Environment (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the consequence of growth, technological development, and the evolution of ecological sacrifice zones. Texts will serve as the theoretical framework for in-the-field investigations, classroom work, and real-world experience. The Struggle for Environmental Justice outlines resistance models; Shadow Cities provides lessons from the squatters movement; Ben Hewitt’s The Town that Food Saved describes economy of scale solutions, and David Owen’s The Conundrum challenges environmentalism. Texts will guide discussions, serve as lenses for in-the-field investigations, and the basis for writing. We will also travel to Hardwick and Putney, Vermont, to explore new economic-environmental models. (Not open to students who have taken ENVS/WRPR 1014), 3hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) NOR, SOC (H. Vila)

SOAN 0211 Human Ecology (Fall 2013)
Environmental issues are also cultural and political conflicts, between competing social groups, economic interests and cultural paradigms. This course introduces students to human ecology, the study of how our adaptations to the environment are mediated by cultural differences and political economy. Topics include: how ecological anthropology has evolved as a subdiscipline, with a focus on systems theory and political ecology; how ritually regulated societies manage resources; how rural communities deal with environmental deterioration; and how contradictions between environmental protection, economic development, and cultural values complicate so many ecological issues. Limited places available for students to satisfy the College writing requirement. (SOAN 0103 or ENVS 0112 or ENVS 0211 or ENVS 0215 or BIOL 0140) 2 hrs. lect., 1 hr. disc. (Anthropology) CW (5 spaces), CMP, SOC (M. Sheridan)

SOAN/GSFS 0212 The Family in Contemporary Society (Fall 2013)
This course will investigate the social, economic, and political forces that have brought about changes in family life in the beginning of the 21st century. We will begin by looking at various attempts to define "the family," and we will then explore a range of topics, including the webs of family relationships (e.g., mothering, fathering, kin networks), labor and family intersections (e.g., mediating between work and family; the household division of labor), gay and lesbian family life, and domestic violence. Although the focus will be on contemporary United States, we will also examine some cross-cultural and historical material. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) CMP, NOR, SOC (M. Nelson)

SOAN 0215 Sociology of Education (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study education both as a social institution and as a social process. In our analysis of education and its relationship to the structure of society, we will pay particular attention to the intersection of gender, class, race, and ethnicity within schools. Our objective will be to explore the ways in which education might contribute to the reproduction of social inequalities, as well as its potential for social change. The substantive focus will be on American society. Limited places available for students to satisfy the college writing requirement. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) CMP, NOR, SOC (M. Nelson)

SOAN 0232 Anthropology of Continuity and Change in sub-Saharan Africa (Fall 2013)
Africa has long represented primitive mysteries for Europeans and North Americans who perceived it as a "Dark Continent" full of exotic people and animals. Even now, many Americans learn little about Africa and Africans except for ‘thin’ media reports of political, economic, and ecological upheaval or persistent poverty, disease, and despair. This course provides a ‘thick’ description and analysis of contemporary African conditions using ethnographies, films, and literature. Our focus will be on understanding both continuity and change, cultural diversity, and commonality. (Not open to students who have taken SOAN 0332) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) AAL, SOC (M. Sheridan)

SOAN 0235 The City and Its People (Spring 2014)
We all live somewhere, and increasingly we find ourselves living in an urban environment. In this course we will explore current topics in urban sociology, with particular emphasis on the power of place, culture, and community in U.S. cities. We will study the historical, cultural, and political conditions that have shaped contemporary U.S. cities, such as New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles. We will examine how cities change and resist change through the lens of such subjects as migration, poverty, urban arts, crime, and education as it pertains to the city. Students will read a variety of ethnographic and sociological materials, in order to gain an understanding of the complexities of both urban life and processes of representation. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) CW (5 spaces), NOR, SOC (L. Owens)

SOAN 0260 Globalization and Its Discontents (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore one of the most fundamental dynamics of our time-globalization. Underlying so many changes in our economic, political, and cultural lives, globalization has transformed our world in innumerable ways. Nonetheless, debates about the nature of these processes and outcomes are largely unresolved and often completely misunderstood. In this survey course we will examine particular themes related to the general concept of globalization: transnational civil society and social movements, economic development, postmodernism, global governance. We will read from sources across the academic disciplines and make use of journalism, film, and popular nonfiction. 3 hrs. lect. (Sociology) CMP, SOC (J. McCallum)

SOAN 0267 Global Health (Spring 2014)
This course provides an introductory survey of the basic issues and initiatives in contemporary global public health, including in-depth case studies of public health projects in locales including Haiti, Venezuela, Brazil, Rwanda, and Pakistan. We will explore the political, socioeconomic, and cultural complexity of health problems, and critically examine the structure and methods of global public health institutions. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) AAL, CMP, SOC (S. Closser)

SOAN 0301 The Logic of Sociological Inquiry (Spring 2014)
In this course students will be introduced to the basic tools of sociological research including problem formulation, strategies of design and data collection, and analysis and presentation of results. This class will help students formulate a research question and develop a research strategy to best explore that question. Those strategies may include interviews, structured observation, participant observation, content analysis, and surveys. This class, strongly recommended for juniors, will culminate in the submission of a senior project proposal. (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. lect./disc., 3 hrs. research lab. (Sociology) DED, SOC (R. Tiger)

SOAN 0302 The Research Process: Ethnography and Qualitative Methods (Fall 2013)
The aim of this course is to prepare the student to conduct research, to analyze and present research in a scholarly manner, and to evaluate critically the research of others. Practice and evaluation of such basic techniques as observation, participant-observation, structured and open-ended interviews, and use of documents. Introduction to various methodological and theoretical frameworks. Thesis or essay prospectus is the final product of this course. Strongly recommended for juniors. Three-hour research lab required. (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. lect./disc., 3 hrs. research lab (Anthropology) DED, SOC (S. Closser)

SOAN/RELI 0303 Cults and New Religions (Fall 2013)
Religious outsiders have been persistent yet controversial. Mystics and messiahs preaching a variety of radical beliefs and ways of life have provoked strong responses from mainline traditions as well as from publics concerned about the "cult" menace. Yet new religions have also been a source of religious experimentation and revival. In this course we will explore the unique characteristics of new religions, the historical circumstances that give rise to them, who join and why, the societal reaction they generate, questions of authority and leadership, violence, and the factors that influence their success, decline and failure. A variety of new religions from North America and the West, as well as from Japan and China, will be considered. These may include the Shakers, the People's Temple, Hare Krishna, Soka Gakkai, the Children of God/Family, Solar Temple, Aum Shinrikyo, Falun Gong, the Branch Davidians, and the Raelians. 3 hrs. sem. (Sociology) CMP, PHL, SOC (B. Rochford)

SOAN/GSFS 0304 Gender, Culture, and Power (Spring 2014)
This course will introduce students to the anthropological study of gender and sexuality. Topics to be addressed include: the construction of femininities and masculinities in cross-cultural perspective; the role of gender and class ideologies in labor relations and global capitalism; the historical development of gender as a locus of study, activism, and practice; and instances where anthropology has engaged in social movements including anti-violence and LGBT rights. Our readings will take us a number of places, from the streets of Los Angeles, to a factory in southern China, an Islamic fashion house in Indonesia, a men’s sex clinic in Oaxaca, a folklore performance in Mali, a comic book festival in Tokyo, a debate about women’s film in Iran. Students will be introduced to key frames of history and theory in the field of gender studies. 3 hrs. lect. (Anthropology) CW (5 spaces), AAL, CMP, SOC (E. Oxfeld)

SOAN 0305 Topics in Sociological Theory (Fall 2013)
This course provides an overview of major lines of development in 20th century social theory relevant to the field of sociology, focusing on how various theorists have grappled with the basic issues that have dominated 20th century social thought. Particular attention will be given to the questions arising from the conceptual distinctions between structure and action, on the one hand, and identity and culture, on the other. How is social order possible? How autonomous are human agents? How do we explain the persistence of observed patterns of human interaction and social practice? How do we analyze relations between the world of everyday life and the large-scale development of social systems? How does social change take place? (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Sociology) SOC (L. Essig)

SOAN 0306 Topics in Anthropological Theory (Spring 2014)
This course gives an introduction to some important themes in the development of anthropological thought, primarily in the past century in anglophone and francophone traditions. It emphasizes close comparative reading of selections from influential texts by authors who have shaped recent discourse within the social sciences. (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology)  (M. Sheridan)

SOAN 0308 Environmental Sociology (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore the complex relations between society and the environment. We will look not at the science of nature, but rather its social construction, including environmental history, ethics, and politics. Our primary themes will be ideas and power. First, we will examine the dominant understanding of “nature” in the Modern era as well as alternatives that arose in opposition to this conception. Second, we will study how control over the non-human, material world originally developed in the United States, viewed through the lens of various social and political movements that have attempted to change that dynamic. (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105)  3 hrs. lect/disc. (Sociology) (L. Owens)

SOAN/GSFS 0314 Sociology of Heterosexuality (Spring 2014)
Most people believe that heterosexuality is natural or rooted in biology and so never look very closely at it as a product of culture. In this course we will examine the artifacts, institutions, rituals, and ideologies that construct heterosexuality and the heterosexual person in American culture. We will also pay close attention to how heterosexuality works alongside other forms of social power, especially gender, race, and class. (SOAN 0105 or SOAN 0191) 3 hrs. lect. (Sociology) CW (5 spaces), NOR, SOC (L. Essig)

SOAN 0319 Sociology of Drugs (Spring 2014)
Why are some mind-altering substances called "drugs" and others "medicine"? Why are some drug users called "criminals" while others are called "sick"? In this course, we will examine psychoactive drugs from an historical and sociological perspective. Drawing on a variety of sources - including films, documentaries, and ethnographies - we will consider the political, economic, legal, and social dimensions of drugs and drug use. Through an empirical and theoretical focus on drugs and the "moral panics" surrounding drug users, we will critically analyze a variety of drug control strategies to understand their sociopolitical origins and consequences.  (SOAN 0105 or SOAN 0288) 3hrs. lect/disc. (Sociology) CW (5 spaces), SOC (R. Tiger)

SOAN 0325 Indigeneity and Colonialism in Native North America (Fall 2013)
In this course we will approach Native North America and the American political mainstream as dynamically intertwined. Through ethnography, ethno-history, oral literature, and indigenous film we will examine the history of colonial encounters between the Indigenous and the 'Western'. We will examine how indigenous cultural difference and moral claims to land have challenged dominant political cultures across the history of the North American settler states. Our analysis will extend to ongoing questions concerning cultural knowledge, sustainability, and imagined futures. 3 hrs. sem. (Anthropology) HIS, NOR, SOC (M. Nevins)

SOAN 0327 The Aztec Empire and the Spanish Conquest (Spring 2014)
This course centers around the rise and fall of the Aztecs, the first state-level society encountered by the Spanish in 1519. Although primarily known today for their military exploits for what today is Mexico, the Aztecs produced great artisans, artists, and philosophers whose contributions endure in contemporary Mexican culture. We will trace the origins and development of Aztec civilization to its encounter with the Spanish in 1519. The course also covers the Spanish background for the Conquest, from the martial and political expulsion of Moors and Jews from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492 to the Spanish Inquisition. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) AAL, CMP, CW (5 spaces), HIS, SOC (J. Fitzsimmons)

SOAN 0353 Islam in Practice: Anthropology of Muslim Cultures (Spring 2014)
In this course, we will explore Muslim cultures across the world. We will approach Islam from an anthropological, as opposed to a text-based or theological, perspective. We will take a global view, focusing not only on the Middle East but on Muslim societies in North America, Europe, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and South-East Asia. Topics we will cover include: (1) the diversity of Muslim identity and practice; (2) the impact of colonialism and empire on Muslim societies; (3) women's experiences of Islam; and (4) the politics of religious practice. (Prior coursework in anthropology, sociology, or religion recommended) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) AAL, CMP, PHL, SOC (S. Closser)

SOAN 0355 Race and Ethnicity Across Cultures (Fall 2013)
Ethnicity and race are social phenomena that influence group relations, as well as personal identity, in many areas of the world. But what is "ethnicity" and what is "race"? In this course we will explore the varied approaches that have been utilized to understand race and ethnicity across diverse cultural settings. No single explanation of race and ethnicity is all encompassing, and so we will explore a number of different approaches. Among the issues we will examine are: alternative explanations of ethnic and racial identity formation; the causes and consequences of ethnic violence and competition; the connections among ethnicity, gender, and class; and the processes through which distinctions between self and other are created. 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) CMP, SOC (E. Oxfeld)

SOAN/LNGT 0359 Language and Power (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to both linguistic anthropology and political anthropology. Communication patterns are always mediated by cultural processes, social inequality, and power, so in this course we will investigate cross-cultural examples of how language, discourse, and representation relate to inequality, power, and resistance. Topics will include sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, gendered language practices, political discourse, and theoretical approaches to power (Marx, Foucault, and Bourdieu) (SOAN 0103 or SOAN 0105 or LNGT 0102) 3 hrs. lect./disc. (Anthropology) CW (5 spaces), SOC (M. Nevins)

SOAN 0404 Global Geographies of Labor and Youth (Spring 2014)
In this seminar we will examine the relationship between the spatial organization of the global political economy and the lives of working people and youth. We will investigate a variety of industrial and agrarian contexts in North America, Latin America, South Africa, India, and China. We will place an emphasis on the problems posed by labor and capital mobility, and global production networks that impact worker organization and the lives of children and young people. Students must have advanced reading ability in a language other than English as they will be required to work with foreign language sources. This course is equivalent to IGST 0404 and GEOG 0404. 3 hrs. sem. AAL, CMP, SOC (J. McCallum, K. McKinney)

SOAN 0413 White People (Spring 2014)
White people are often invisible when it comes to having a race. In this course we will begin by considering the formation of whiteness in post Civil War America. We will read histories of whiteness, such as Grace Elizabeth Hale's Making Whiteness, as well as consider important milestones in whiteness, from the films Birth of a Nation and Gone With The Wind to the blog "What White People Like." Finally we will use essays, blogs, photographs, and videos to make white people at Middlebury visible by documenting how they represent themselves through language, dress, and rituals. (This course is open to junior and senior SOAN majors only; not open to students who have taken FYSE 1357) 3 hrs. sem. (Sociology) NOR, SOC (Essig)

SOAN 0460 Global Consumptions: Food, Eating, and Power in Comparative Perspective (Spring 2014)
Using interdisciplinary approaches, we will examine the practices and politics of food and eating in a range of regions. Food sustains not only bodies, but national, ethnic, and social identities as well. Notions of time and space, order and transgression, nature and culture have long affected what people eat and how they do it. How does eating, this most basic and universal of human practices, both reflect difference and create it? How are food systems, symbolic and “real,” linked to national and international politics: Finally, how are contemporary food practices influenced by “modernization” and “globalization”? We will consider these and other questions as they apply to Asia, Europe, Africa, Latin America, and the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. This course is equivalent to IGST 0460. 3 hrs. sem. (Anthropology) (E. Oxfeld)

SOAN 0463 On the Move: Mobile Lives, Mobile Technologies (Fall 2013)
Social life is increasingly on the move. Mobile phones, the Internet, and even "old-fashioned" technologies like cars and planes, produce lives in motion and interaction at a distance. How does this constant movement affect the organization of social worlds and the ways we understand them? Where are we going? How are we getting there? Through exploring mobilities, we will tackle questions of place, politics, belonging, work, leisure, borders, social control, and social change. We will use sociology to engage these new practices and technologies, and, in turn, use them to rethink the old assumptions of classical social science. (SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. sem. (Sociology) SOC (M. Owens)

SOAN 0478 Sociology of Punishment (Fall 2013)
In this course, we will examine the changing ideologies and practices of state-sponsored punishment that have led to the spectacular expansion of imprisonment and other forms of penal supervision in the U.S. Drawing on theoretical accounts of punishment, historical examinations of prison and parole, and contemporary studies of criminal law and sentencing, we will consider social control as it plays out via institutionalized contexts, namely prisons and asylums, as well as alternative sanctions, such as coerced treatment. We will identify the major phases of penal development and consider mass imprisonment as both a reflection and cause of racial and economic inequality. (Open to SOAN majors only; SOAN 0105) 3 hrs. sem. (Sociology) SOC (R. Tiger)

SOAN 0500 Advanced Individual Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Prior to registering for SOAN 0500, a student must enlist the support of a faculty advisor from the Department of Sociology/Anthropology. (Open to Majors only) (Approval Required) (Sociology or Anthropology) (Staff)

SOAN 0700 One-Semester Senior Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Under the guidance of a faculty member, a student will carry out an independent, one-semester research project, often based on original data. The student must also participate in a senior seminar that begins the first week of fall semester and meets as necessary during the rest of the year. The final product must be presented in a written report of 25-40 pages, due the last day of classes. (Sociology or Anthropology) (Staff)

SOAN 0710 Multi-Semester Senior Project (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Under the guidance of a faculty member, a senior will carry out an independent multi-semester research project, often based on original data. The student must also participate in a senior seminar that begins the first week of fall semester and meets as necessary during the rest of the year. The final product must be presented in a written report of 60-100 pages, due either at the end of the Winter Term or the Friday after spring break. (Sociology or Anthropology) (Staff)

South Asian Studies Minor
This program offers a minor in South Asian Studies to students who complete the following requirements:
(1) Two of the following core courses which focus primarily on South Asia or the religions of South Asia:

ENAM 0270 Postcolonial Literature: 20th-Century South Asia
ENAM 0310 Postcolonial Studies and Politics
HARC 0227 Poetry, Piety & Power: Indian Painting 1200-Present
HIST 0238 Modern Sri Lanka
HIST 0239 Modern India
HIST 0429 Gandhi
IGST 0250 International Diplomacy and Modern South Asia
RELI 0140 Hindu Traditions of India
RELI 0150 The Islamic Tradition
RELI 0220 Buddhist Traditions in India
RELI 0224 Tibetan Tantric Traditions
RELI 0391 Seminar on Women and Religion (when offered as Goddesses of South Asia)
Winter term East India Company

(2) Two courses, chosen from group 1 (above) or from the following courses, which include significant course materials on South Asia or Islam:

HARC 0102 Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art
HARC 0204 Approaches to Islamic Art
HIST 0108 The Early History of Islam and the Middle East
HIST 0109 The History of Islam and the Middle East
IGST 0449 Imperialism and Culture
RELI 0120 Intro to Asian Religions
RELI 0255 Islam in the Modern World
RELI 0320 Seminar in Buddhist Philosophy
WAGS/ FMMC 0347 Remote Control: Global TV Culture

(3) One advanced, relevant 0400-level course (including those listed above in group 1) or an independent 0500-level project.
     NOTE: Other courses offered during the fall and spring semesters, or during the winter term, or at universities in South Asia, may substitute for courses in category 2 at the discretion of the program director. The director or minor adviser will also approve courses to count in category 3.
     There are many possibilities for study at universities in South Asia. Contact the Office of Off-Campus Study for details.

Spanish & Portuguese
Major in Spanish: The major consists of a minimum of nine courses numbered 0300 or above. At least three of these courses must be taken at Middlebury during the academic year. The requirements are as follows:
I. SPAN 0300 (must be taken before studying abroad)
II. Seven elective courses from the 0301-0399 level.

A maximum of three courses from the 0301-0349 level may count towards the major
At least four elective courses must be at the 0350 level or above.
At least one elective must be in Spanish American literature or cultures.
At least one elective must be in the literature or culture of Spain.
At least one elective must be taken at Middlebury during the academic year.
Elective courses may be taken on campus or at the Middlebury College summer Spanish  
School, the School in Spain, the School in Latin America, or, with departmental   
approval, at study abroad programs in Latin America sanctioned by Middlebury's
Programs Abroad Committee.

III. A 0400-level seminar on campus during the senior year.

Study abroad in the region of interest for at least one semester is highly recommended and a course on the culture of the region is highly recommended before studying abroad. Students are expected to consult with their advisor when selecting courses and making plans to study abroad.

     Joint Major: The Spanish component of a joint major will consist of at least six courses from departmental offerings numbered 0300 and above, as follows:
I. SPAN 0300 (must be taken before studying abroad)
II. Four elective courses from the 0301-0399 level.

A maximum of one course from the 0301-0349 level may count towards the major.
At least three elective courses must be at the 0350 level or above.
At least one elective must be in Spanish American literature or cultures.
At least one elective must be in the literature or culture of Spain.
At least one elective must be taken at Middlebury during the academic year.
Elective courses may be taken on campus or at the Middlebury College summer Spanish School, the School in Spain, the School in Latin America, or, with departmental approval, at study abroad programs in Latin America sanctioned by Middlebury's Programs Abroad Committee.

III. A 0400 level seminar on campus during the senior year.

Study abroad in the region of interest for at least one semester is highly recommended and a course on the culture of the region is highly recommended before studying abroad. Students are expected to consult with their advisor when selecting courses and making plans to study abroad.

Spanish Courses
Courses labeled SPAN 0100 through 0299 are Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced Intermediate language instruction focused on developing skills in speaking, listening comprehension, reading and writing.
     Courses labeled SPAN 0300 through 0349 introduce writers and significant themes in literature, film, linguistics, and culture & civilization. These courses are closed to juniors and seniors returning from study in Spain or Latin America.
     Courses labeled SPAN 0350 through 0399 are advanced offerings that explore in greater depth a specific line of inquiry, literary, cultural or linguistic issue, or theme in Spanish and Spanish American writing and thought, and satisfy the International and Global Studies advanced language requirement in Spanish. Courses taken abroad will count as this level, regardless of their course number.
     Courses labeled SPAN 0400 and above are reserved for seniors who are Spanish majors, Latin American Studies majors with a literature and culture track, and European Studies majors with a Spanish literature and culture track; others only by approval.
     Minor in Spanish: The Spanish minor consists of at least four courses numbered 0300 or above, at least two of which are at the 0350 level or above. Courses can be taken on campus or at the Middlebury College summer Spanish School, the School in Spain, the School in Latin America, or, with departmental approval, at study abroad programs in Latin America sanctioned by Middlebury's Programs Abroad Committee.
     Senior Work: During the senior year, majors and joint majors must complete a 0400-level seminar.
     International and Global Studies: Latin American studies and European studies majors with a discipline in Literature and Culture must take, in addition to their core requirements: six courses at the 0300 level or above, including SPAN 0300, at least one literature course in the area of interest, at least one culture course in the area of interest, and one 0400-level seminar during the senior year.
     Advanced Placement: College credit is awarded for successful performance on the Advanced Placement Examinations in Spanish Language and/or Spanish Literature. In all cases the student must satisfactorily complete a course at the 0300 level before the credit will be awarded. AP credit does not affect course placement, nor does it count towards the major or minor. There is a maximum of one credit allowed for Spanish AP.
     Programs Abroad for Juniors: The department expects that majors will spend at least one semester in residence in a Spanish-speaking country. Middlebury's School in Spain offers both year and semester programs in Madrid. Sites in Crdoba, Getafe, and Logroo are designed for immersion in the Spanish university system. Middlebury's School in Latin America (Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay) offers both year and semester programs. Internship opportunities are available. For more information on these programs, please see the Schools Abroad Web page: http://www.middlebury.edu/sa/. Students who are interested in going abroad and who are also double or joint majors or are thinking of participating in the teacher education program should consult with their advisors in both areas as early as possible to avoid any conflict in plans.
Students who are planning to study abroad at the C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools in Spain or Latin America are required to have taken at least one course at the 0300 level or above. Majors must take SPAN 0300 before their semester abroad.
     Honors: The department will award honors on the basis of a student's work in the department and performance in SPAN 0705. All students interested in receiving honors must contact their advisors at the start of their last year at Middlebury; either in September or in February. Please see the course description for SPAN 0705.

Portuguese
Minor in Portuguese: The minor in Portuguese consists of five courses, beginning with PGSE 0201 or PGSE 0210. It includes at least one course at the intermediate level during the academic year (PGSE 0201, 0210, or 0215) and three to four courses in literature and culture at an advanced level, one of which must be taken during the academic year. To complete the requirements for advanced courses, students may also enroll in courses offered by the C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Latin America in Belo Horizonte, Florianpolis, or Niteroi, Brazil, at the summer Portuguese Language School, or through study abroad programs in Portuguese sanctioned by Middlebury's Programs Abroad Committee.
     International and Global Studies: Latin American studies majors with a track in the literature and culture of Brazil must take, in addition to their core and regional requirements: PGSE 0202 or its equivalent, four upper level courses in literature or culture taken at Middlebury or in Brazil, and PGSE 0500 during the senior year. At least one elective must be taken at Middlebury during the academic year.

PGSE 0101 Beginning Portuguese I (Fall 2013)
This course is a fast-paced introduction to Brazilian Portuguese and contemporary Brazilian culture. It focuses on the development of skills in listening, reading, speaking, and writing within a cultural context. Students are expected to continue with PGSE 0102 in winter term, and PGSE 0103 in spring term, after successful completion of PGSE 0101. 5 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (F. Rocha)

PGSE 0103 Beginning Portuguese III (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of Portuguese 0102. Intensive reading, writing, and speaking. (PGSE 0102) 5 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (D. Silva)

PGSE 0201 Intermediate Portuguese I (Fall 2013)
This is a course designed to consolidate the linguistic skills and expand the cross-cultural knowledge acquired in the PGSE 0101 - PGSE 0103 sequence. A grammar review will accompany critical readings, discussions, and compositions on contemporary Brazilian culture. (PGSE 0103 or equivalent) 3 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (Staff)

PGSE 0210 Beginning Port/Span Speakers (Fall 2013)
This course is designed for Spanish speakers and advanced Spanish learners at the 0300-level. It is an intensive introduction to Portuguese, covering all of the basic structures and vocabulary as well as important aspects of the cultures of lusophone countries. Language learning is based on the students' previous knowledge of Spanish. Students are expected to continue with PGSE 0211 in the Winter Term, after successful completion of PGSE 0210. (SPAN 0220 or placement at Spanish 0300-level or above or instructor's approval) 6 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (D. Silva)

PGSE 0215 Advanced Portuguese (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of either PGSE 0201 or PGSE 0210. It is designed to balance textual and cultural analysis with a thorough review of grammar at an intermediate/high level. Students will hone their critical thinking and linguistic skills through guided readings, oral discussions, and short written assignments on Lusophone cultural topics. (PGSE 0201 or PGSE 0210 or by waiver) 6 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (F. Rocha, D. Silva)

PGSE 0353 Faces of Brazil (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study four central elements in contemporary Brazilian culture which have been reshaping the country's "face." We will focus on the legacies of a slave-based social structure by studying the favelas and the MST (Landless Rural Workers' Movement) which led to new formations in both urban and rural landscapes, but also to a perplexing mirror of social violence. We will analyze different narrative texts from directors and authors such as Sérgio Bianchi and Ferréz. Critical texts will be drawn from social activists as well as from theorists, such as philosopher Renato Janine Ribeiro and anthropologist Alba Zaluar. (PGSE 0215 or one course at the 0300 level or above) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, SOC (F. Rocha)

PGSE 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. (Staff)

SPAN 0101 Beginning Spanish I (Fall 2013)
This course is an introduction to the fundamentals of grammar and focuses on the development of four skills in Spanish: comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Emphasis will be placed on active communication aimed at the development of oral and comprehension skills. This course is for students who have not previously studied Spanish. Students are expected to continue with SPAN 0102 and SPAN 0103 after successful completion of SPAN 0101. 5 hrs. lect./disc. (Staff)

SPAN 0103 Beginning Spanish III (Spring 2014)
This course is a continuation of SPAN 0102. Intensive reading, writing, and oral activities will advance students' proficiency in Spanish in an academic setting. (SPAN 0102) 5 hrs. lect./disc. (Staff)

SPAN 0105 Accelerated Basic Spanish (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This accelerated course is designed to reinforce, in one semester, the basic linguistic structures that students need in order to reach the intermediate level of proficiency in Spanish. Strong emphasis will be given to reading and composition. SPAN 0105 is designed specifically for students with 2-3 years of high school Spanish, but who have not yet achieved intermediate proficiency. (Placement test required) 5 hrs. lect./disc. (Staff)

SPAN 0210 Intermediate Spanish I (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A course designed to consolidate the skills attained in SPAN 0101, SPAN 0102, and 0103 or the equivalent (0105). A grammar review will accompany an intensive component of readings, discussions, and compositions. (SPAN 0103, SPAN 0105, or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (Fall 2013: E. Garcia, R. Chávez-Castañeda, G. González Zenteno; Spring 2014: M. Rohena-Madrazo, Staff)

SPAN 0220 Intermediate Spanish II (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
A course for students seeking to perfect their academic writing skills in Spanish. The course is also an introduction to literary analysis and critical writing and will include reading and oral discussion of literary texts. The course will also include a thorough review of grammar at a fairly advanced level. This course may be used to fulfill the foreign languages distribution requirement. (SPAN 0210 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. LNG (Fall 2013: J. Gamero De Coca, M. Rohena-Madrazo; Spring 2014: L. Castañeda, M. Fernández, E. García)

SPAN 0300 An Introduction to the Study of Hispanic Literature (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course in literature and advanced language is designed to introduce students to literary analysis and critical writing. The work will be based on the reading of a number of works in prose, drama, and poetry. Frequent short, critical essays will complement readings and provide students with practice in writing. This course is required for Spanish majors. (SPAN 0220 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, LNG (Fall 2013: Staff; Spring 2014: R. Chávez-Castañeda)

SPAN 0301 Advanced Spanish Grammar (Fall 2013)
This course offers a detailed study of complex aspects of Spanish grammar and syntax. Designed to build upon students' existing knowledge of Spanish grammar, the course will begin with a reconsideration of all the tenses in both the indicative and subjunctive moods, their values and their uses. After briefly reviewing the structure of simple sentences, we will analyze in depth all the different types of dependent clauses. Within the context of sentence structure, we will also look at several key aspects of Spanish grammar (ser and estar, prepositions, the infinitive, and the gerund, among others). Students will demonstrate their understanding of the material through a variety of practical and creative exercises. (SPAN 0220 or placement; not open to students who have taken SPAN 0380) LNG (P. Saldarriaga)

SPAN 0310 (Intimate) Otherness in Contemporary Hispanic Fiction (Fall 2013)
Recent Hispanic literature locates otherness in ambiguous spaces. The "other" can be excluded in order to demarcate selfhood, but also recognized as internal ("intimate") to a complex and perhaps richer self. In this course students will sharpen oral and written communication skills and build a sophisticated vocabulary to analyze the literary and cultural context of the Spanish speaking world. This goal will be accomplished through readings in late 20th/early 21st century short stories and novellas from the Iberian Peninsula and Spanish America. Race, gender, class, nationality, and health are some perspectives we will adopt in order to map the literary production/deconstruction of "others" as marginalized/embraced subjects. (SPAN 0220 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. CMP, LIT, LNG (L. Castañeda)

SPAN 0311 Hispanic Theatre (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore a broad selection of dramas from Spain and Spanish America. We will focus on close readings of plays, considering, where relevant, their historical and cultural contexts. Emphasis will also be placed on the development of critical vocabulary and writing skills in Spanish. Texts will be selected from various periods from the Middle Ages to present day. Authors include: Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calderón, sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Tirso de Molina, Alarcón, Castellanos, Gambaro, García Lorca, Mihura, Díaz, Solórsano. Satisfies the College writing requirement. (SPAN 0220 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, LNG (M. Fernández)

SPAN 0313 The Hispanic Short Story (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study the main literary, sociopolitical, and cultural issues in a selection of short stories from the Hispanic world. Emphasis will be on the close reading of texts with the purpose of developing critical vocabulary and writing skills. Authors may include: Pardo Bazán, Valle Inclán, Palma, Borges, Rulfo, Corázar, Quiroga, Matute. (SPAN 0220 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, LNG (R. Chávez-Castaneda)

SPAN 0315 Hispanic Film (Spring 2014)
This course will provide an introduction to the cinema of Spain and Spanish America. We will study, among other topics: the idiosyncrasies of film language in Hispanic cultures, the relationships between text and image, representation of history, culture and society. Films from Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Spain, and other countries will be included in the course. Selected readings on film theory and social and political history, as well as various literary works. In Spanish (SPAN 0220 or placement) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, LNG (E. García)

SPAN 0320 Hispanic Creative Writing (Spring 2014)
In this course we will focus on creative writing as a way to develop a deeper understanding of the Spanish language. We will achieve this goal by using the language and our imagination to tell stories. This course will also provide the opportunity to read and discuss literary works of important Hispano-American authors including Onneti, Borges, Rulfo, Cortázar, and Méndez. We will also read theoretical texts by Francisco Guzmán Burgos, Pablo Fernández, Alex Grijelmo, Ricardo Piglia, Jorge Luis Borges, among others. (SPAN 0220 or placement). 3 hrs. lect./disc. ART, CW, LNG (R. Chávez-Castañeda)

SPAN/GSFS 0326 Queer Latin American Literature and Cinema (Fall 2013)
While there is no equivalent word for queer in the Spanish language, queerness is a theoretical framework that informs Latin American Studies on gender and sexuality. In this course we will begin with an exploration of how Latin American and Caribbean intellectuals have thought about queer art and cultural productions from a diversity of concepts: "leche negra," "loca geografía," and "nación marica," among others. Through encounters with a selection of literature and cinema we will think aesthetically and contextually about the specificities of queerness in Latin America. We will read literary texts by Alejandra Pizarnik, Cristina Peri Rossi, José Joaquín Blanco, Reinaldo Arenas, Manuel Ramos Otero, Lilliana Ramos Collado, Severo Sarduy, Néstor Perlongher, and Pedro Lemebel. We will also watch movies such as El lugar sin límites, Plata quemada, Y tu mamá también, Fresa y chocolate, and Antes que anochezca. (SPAN 0220 or equivalent) AAL, LIT, LNG (Staff)

SPAN 0328 Spain in the Globalized World (Fall 2013)
In this course we will look at the historical, cultural, and social development of 21st century Spain and its full integration into the Globalized World. One of the main goals of the course will be to provide an array of opportunities to practice oral expression, reading, and writing in the Spanish language. Topics will include Europeanization, the challenge of regional/national identities, and contemporary social issues such as the changing roles of: the family, women, religion, sexual attitudes, and immigration. We will engage these themes through the analysis and discussion of a wide variety of materials such as literary texts, essays, and films. Readings and films will include: Crematorio by Rafael Chirbes, La ciudadanía se moviliza: Los movientos sociales y la globalización en España by Joseph Pont Vidal, and También la lluvia by Icíar Bollaín. (SPAN 0220 or placement) EUR, LNG (J. Gamero De Coca)

SPAN 0361 Hispanic Musical Films (Fall 2013)
In this course we will study Hispanic musical films (including fiction and documentaries) from Spain, Latin America, and the United States. Our main goal will be to understand how Hispanic countries use this cinematic genre to establish nationalist constructions and ideologies, and how this has consequently affected the development of Hispanic musical narratives in the United States. Analyses will focus on how different ethnic aspects are defined as 'Other' in musical genres such as Flamenco, Tango, Rancheras, Tex-Mex, Salsa, Reggaeton, Merengue, and Spanish Rock. We will explore why Hispanic musicals are perceived as exotic in relation to their Anglophone counterparts while studying films such as Buena Vista Social Club, Allá en el rancho grande, Selena, and El día que me quieras. (At least two Spanish courses at the 0300 level or above, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./screening AAL, LIT (E. García)

SPAN 0376 Reading and Writing the New U.S. Latino Narrative (Fall 2013)
This course focuses on a new generation of U.S.-Latino authors writing about migration, identity, and otherness. They distinguish themselves from prior generations by publishing primarily in Spanish and by a new sense of ownership of their U.S. environment, which allows them to play with and undermine assumptions commonly associated with their "Latino" identity. In addition to studying these authors, students will produce at least two fiction pieces of their own. Satisfies the IS advanced language requirement in Spanish. (At least two Spanish courses at the 0300 level or above, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, LIT, LNG, NOR (G. González Zenteno)

SPAN 0391 Latin American Cultural Studies: Texts and Concepts (Spring 2014)
In this course we will apply Cultural Studies methodology in various cultural contexts, focusing on Latin America. Among the concepts studied will be those of nation, hegemony, postcolonialism, subalternism, performance, heterogeneity, hybridity, aesthetics, race/ethnicity, and gender. Each concept will be used in an analysis of a literary, cinematic, performative, and other artistic work. We will be analyzing, among others, the literary works of FaustinoSarmiento, José Martí, Pedro Lemebel, Manuel Puig, and José María Arguedas; the cinema of Jorge Bodansky and Barbet Schroeder; as well as testimonial literature and various other forms of popular culture. (At least two Spanish courses at the 0300 level or above, or by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./disc. AAL, ART (M. Rohena-Madrazo)

SPAN 0416 Who is Afraid of Poetry? (Fall 2013)
In this course we will read a selection of poetry by contemporary Spanish and Latin American authors (e.g., Lorca, García Montero, Rossetti, as well as Eielson, Paz, Pizarnik). The main goal of the discussions will be the understanding of poetry in conjunction with contemporary critical ideas. We will learn how to criticize poetic texts using the main theoretical currents of our time such as structuralism, post-structuralism, feminism, and cultural studies. (Senior majors with at least two Spanish courses numbered 0350 or above, or by waiver) 3 hrs.  sem. (P. Saldarriaga)

SPAN 0475 Literatura Gauchesca (Fall 2013)
In this course we will examine the roots of the culture of the Río de la Plata region through the study of gauchesca literature. We will concentrate on issues of the formation of national identity; city vs. Pampa; written vs. oral texts; the transformation of the gaucho from vagabond to national myth; and the use of literature as a political tool. Authors include Hidalgo, Pérez, Ascasubi, del Campo, Hernández, Gutiérrez, Güiraldes and Borges. (Senior majors with at least two Spanish courses numbered 0350 or above, or by waiver) 3 hrs. sem. (M. Fernández)

SPAN 0500 Independent Study (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The department will consider requests by qualified juniors and senior majors to engage in independent work. (Approval only) (Staff)

SPAN 0705 Senior Honors Thesis (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
The department will award honors, high honors, or highest honors on the basis of a student's work in the department and performance in SPAN 0705. (Approval only) (Staff)

Studio Art
Required for the Major (12 courses): ART 0157, or ART 0159, or another introductory level drawing course; HARC 0100 or HARC 0102 (or an approved substitute in the history of art practice); five studio art courses, three of which must be at the 0300 level or higher;* four additional courses in either studio art practice or any cross-disciplinary electives chosen in consultation with your advisors from the elective categories below; and ART 0700 or a designated senior work section of a 0300 level ART course is also required.

* The 0300 level classes integrate to give students well-rounded experience in major approaches to the practice of visual art. Classes in sculpture, photography, printmaking and painting focus on unique properties of each medium, yet highlight technical and expressive connections with each other and other areas of the curriculum (see elective categories). Instruction is highly individualized in order to help students develop their own artistic voice.
     Joint Major Requirements (8 courses): ART 0157, or ART 0159, or another introductory level drawing course; HARC 0100 or HARC 0102 (or an approved substitute in the history of art-practice); four electives in studio art, three of which must be at the 0300 level or higher; one additional elective chosen in consultation with your advisors from the elective categories below; and ART 0700 or a designated senior work section of a 0300 level ART course.      
     Minors in Studio Art (6 courses): ART 0157, ART 0159, or another introductory level drawing course; HARC 0100 or HARC 0102 (or an approved substitute in the history of art practice); four studio art courses, three of which must be at the 0300 level or higher. Minors are eligible to apply to enroll in ART 0700.

Elective Categories for Studio Art Major:
History of Visual Art Practice: Any history course in the history of human visual culture.  For examples, please refer to the course descriptions of AMST 0225, FMMC 0267, HARC 0204, IGST 0420, and PHIL 0233.

Visual Imaging: Any course that seeks to understand and process knowledge through cognitive visual imaging.  For examples, please refer to the course descriptions of CSCI 0461, DANC 0361, GEOG 0325, GEOL 0211, and PHYS 0221.

Metaphorical Thinking: Any course that teaches how to process knowledge through mapping experience between two realms, linguistic or non-linguistic. For examples, please refer to the course descriptions of CRWR 0170, ENVS/DANC 0277, FMMC 0106, MATH 0121, PHYS 0101, PHYS 0201, THEA 0218, and SPAN 0320.

Creative Practice:  Any creative practicum course. For examples, please refer to the course descriptions of DANC 0160, FMMC 0348, HARC 0330, and MUSC 0221.

     Honors: Categories of honors are based upon cumulative departmental averages as follows: honors, 3.7; high honors, 3.8; highest honors, 3.9 or higher.
     Teacher Training: Students interested in teacher training in art should consult with the chairs of the education studies program and the studio art program.    
     Study Abroad: Many students in Studio Art wish to pursue visual art-practice in depth during junior year away from Middlebury. The Program has long experience with many institutions abroad (as well in the U.S.) that offer excellent studio art programs. Students should consult with their advisors to develop a plan for which schools and programs of study are most suitable for their goals.

ART 0157 Foundation Drawing: Making Drawings to Explain the World Around Us (Spring 2014)
In this course we will learn to make drawings and graphic images to reveal the world we inhabit. Skills learned will include how to make perspective, architecture, value, and contour line systems. We will draw from observation of the natural world including, the human figure, exploring structure, expression, and psychology. We will also make and use photographic images. No previous studio experience is required or expected. 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (J. Butler)

ART 0159 Studio Art I: Drawing (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
This course is a complete and thorough basic drawing course. Mediums used will be pencil, charcoal, and ink, among others. Work will be done from observation and invention. Line, perspective, value, composition, and introduction to color will be discussed. Assignments will involve students with the formal and technical aspects of drawing and with the idea of drawing as an individual means of expression. No prior drawing experience is assumed or expected.. 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (Fall 2013: J. Huddleston, M. Jordan; Spring 2014: M. Jordan)

ART 0167 Intro to Sculpture-Form and Space (Spring 2014)
What defines a sculpture? How do we make a sculpture? How do we talk about sculpture? What purpose does sculpture have? In this foundational, 3-dimensional art class, we will address fundamental sculpture concepts by considering form, function, scale, volume, and ideas behind the tactile world.  Students will learn useful techniques such as: basic welding and woodworking; as well as how to use less traditional materials like rubbers, plastics, and foams. Through a series of sculpture-making projects we will learn to control these methods in creating our own art objects. Slide presentations of contemporary and historical artworks will integrate individual instruction and group critiques.  No experience is required or expected. 6 hrs. lect./ lab ART (S. Mirling)

ART 0180 Sculptural Architecture (Fall 2013)
Architecture is a projection of our dreams as well as a practical necessity. In this course we will explore making architecture as imaginative sculpture. Working on a table-top scale, we will draw, build, and digitally photograph structures confronting challenges of site, population, and aesthetics. Specific and useful skills, such as hand and power tool operation, will be taught. Students will learn how to make sophisticated three-dimensional forms using foam-core, balsa, mahogany, and other woods. In addition, unusual processes of flame-worked and fused glass will be introduced. Weekly image-lectures on the history of sculpture, design, and architecture will be included. This class is recommended for those interested in bridging architectural practice with studio art freedom. No experience is required or expected. 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (J. Butler)

ART 0309 The Landscape Re-Imagined: Painting, Drawing, Photography, and Glass (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore various art-making methods to depict our campus landscape and architecture. We will use oil paint on canvas, color drawing media, photography, and kiln-fused glass in a multi-disciplinary approach to two-dimensional picture-making. We will then explore how to integrate these technical processes with a goal of creating new and contemporary painted images. In addition to weekly image-based lectures on the history of landscape painting, the class will involve a collaborative studio workshop atmosphere, close individual instruction, and personal artistic development. (ART 0157, 0158, ART 0159 or by approval) 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (J. Butler)

ART 0315 Scratching the Surface (Spring 2014)
In this course we will explore studio instruction in traditional and contemporary methods of intaglio printmaking with a critical emphasis on different methods of working directly on the plate. The general term intaglio (from the Italian intagliare, which means to engrave, carve, or cut) covers a multitude of processes. The incised line in the plate holds the ink while the surface is wiped clean. Only the line prints when paper is placed on the plate and both are run through the etching press. The course is augmented by slide lectures to provide the students with a thorough background in the intaglio medium as well as other drawing based mediums. Depending on resources, students may have the opportunity to be a part of an intensive, collaborative print project to produce an edition of prints with a professional artist. (ART 0157, ART 0158, ART 0159 or by approval) 6 hrs. lect/lab. ART (M. Jordan)

ART 0318 Silkscreen Printmaking (Fall 2013)
In this course students will explore the silkscreen medium with guided studio instruction. This will include paper stencil method, film stencil method, photographic stencil method, and multicolor printing. Concentration will be on drawing. Towards the end of the semester, students will learn to use basic computer-aided imagery. Students will explore the roll of silkscreen printing in contemporary art as well as its use in popular culture. Depending on resources, students may have the opportunity to be part of an intensive collaborative print project to produce an edition of prints with a professional artist. (ART 0157, ART 0158, ART 0159 or by approval) 6 hrs. lect/lab  ART (M. Jordan)

ART 0327 Black and White Photography (Fall 2013)
In this course we will explore traditional and contemporary B&W photographic expression, including portraiture, landscape, street, and collage. This course will include some study of the history of photography, as well as basic camera, darkroom, and digital techniques. Students must have a 35 mm film (preferable) or 8MP (or bigger) digital SLR camera with manual controls of focus, aperture, and shutter. Non-sectarian mindfulness practice will be part of this class (ART 0157, ART 0158 or ART 0159 or by approval) 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (J. Huddleston)

ART 0328 Color Photography (Spring 2014)
This course is an introduction to color photography with an emphasis on the construction of images using personal and social ideas. It will include some study of the history of photography and basic digital imaging techniques to make color prints. Students must have an 8MP (or bigger) digital DSLR camera with manual controls of focus, aperture, and shutter. Non-sectarian mindfulness practice will be part of this class. (ART 0157, ART 0158, or ART 0159, or by approval) 6 hrs. lect./lab. ART (J. Huddleston)

ART 0370 Portraiture In Oil Painting and Sculpture (Spring 2014)
In this class we will make images and objects of the human figure. Our approach will be two-fold: We will make glazed-ceramic portrait sculptures, which will be used as the basis for large-scale oil paintings. In doing so, we will learn how artists throughout history made oil paintings by creating and using visual source material. Our paintings will, as the need arises, integrate three-dimensional additions made from fired-ceramic, enameled copper, and/or fused glass. In these ways we will explore concepts of decoration, jewelry, and clothing. We will use digital photography throughout to record, analyze, and invent. In addition to weekly image-based lectures on the history of portraiture and design, the class will include close, individual instruction within a collaborative workshop atmosphere. (ART 0157, ART 0158, ART 0159 or by approval) 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (J. Butler)

ART 0371 Sculpture I - Communicating in Three-Dimensions (Fall 2013)
This course is designed to further an investigation into the techniques and principles of three-dimensional art. Project objectives are designed to provide new problems and techniques to provoke creative solutions and visions. We will experiment with a number of materials and concepts, from wood-bending and welding to performance and installation. Each project's success will rely heavily on the research and commitment students bring to the creative process. Students will be expected to communicate the process and concept behind each artwork visually, orally, and in writing. (ART 0157, ART 0159, , ART 0180, or by approval) 6 hrs. lect./lab ART (S. Mirling)

ART 0700  Senior Independent Studio (Fall 2013, Spring 2014)
Approval required. 4 hrs  sem./lab (S. Mirling)

Theatre
Theatre at Middlebury is an interdisciplinary pursuit in which students examine the art form from multiple perspectives. The program offers a major, a joint major, and a minor.
     Requirements for the Major: Students must complete a combination of twelve courses (eight core courses and four Theatre electives) and a Crew Requirement (defined below).

Core Courses
ARDV 0116 The Creative Process
THEA 0101 Visual Creativity for the Stage or THEA 0111 Scenic Design I: Beginning or THEA 0113 Lighting Design I: Beginning or THEA 0205 Costume Design I: Beginning
THEA 0102 Acting I
THEA 0208 Theatre History
THEA 0214 Directing I: Beginning
THEA/CRWR 0218 Playwriting I: Beginning or HARC 0100 Monuments and Ideas in Western Art or a THEA literature course
THEA 0406 Twentieth/Twenty-First Century Performance Aesthetics
THEA 0700 Senior Independent Project

     The remaining four courses are Theatre electives to be chosen in consultation with the advisor as preparation for the Senior Independent Project (THEA 0700).
     Only one Production Studio course may be counted in fulfillment of the major.
     Joint Majors: Students must complete a combination of eight courses (six core courses and two Theatre electives) and a Crew Requirement (defined below). Joint majors who choose to do their Senior Independent Project in acting or directing may be required to complete an additional course.

Core Courses
ARDV 0116 The Creative Process
THEA 0101Visual Creativity for the Stage or THEA 0111 Scenic Design I: Beginning or THEA 0113 Lighting Design I: Beginning or THEA 0205 Costume Design I: Beginning
THEA 0102 Acting I
THEA 0208 Theatre History
THEA 0406 Twentieth/Twenty-First Century Performance Aesthetics
THEA 0700 Senior Independent Project
Only one Production Studio course may be counted in fulfillment of the joint major.